结构杆件撤除后简化分析一般方法

本文提出结构杆件撤除后简化分析的一般方法,视杆件撤除后新结构的解为原结构的解与原结构上加以关联荷载解的叠加,利用原结构的解及总体刚度矩阵的逆矩陈求解新结构,无需进行结构重分析,使计算量大大减小,文中基于有限元法导出求关联荷载的一般算式。该法适用于空间网格结构和刚架结构一根杆件撤除问题,也适用于多根杆件同时撤除问题。     

杆件撤除对平面刚架影响的实用计算法

基于短阵位移法,提出了用于分析杆件撤除对平面刚架结构影响的简化计算方法,与以往不同,本法仅将杆件撤除视为在原结构上曾加荷载工况,因此无需重建况体刚度矩阵即可用于分析杆件撤除对结构的影响,本法的计算速度比矩位移法快很多,算例表明,两种方法的计算结果一致。     

具有弹性支座杆件的动力稳定性研究

研究了杆件具有弹性支座时直杆的动力稳定性问题，推导出了杆件的临界频率和动力不稳定边界，分析了弹簧刚度和阻尼对杆件动力稳定性的影响，研究表明杆件的侧向刚度愈大其结构的动力稳定性愈好，阻尼对杆的振动起有利作用，并提出了在实际工程中减小杆件振动的一些措施．     

基于动力松弛法的松弛索杆体系找形分析

索杆张力结构施工成形分析需要解决一个松弛态索杆系统的平衡形态求解问题,该问题可归结为一个给定构件原长的受荷索杆机构系统的找形问题。文中利用动力松弛法进行该类松弛索杆体系的找形分析。由于不建立刚度矩阵,避免了体系几何不稳定性所引起的刚度矩阵奇异问题。该方法采用悬链线索单元模型,可以考虑索大垂度效应。文中还推导了反映索原长和内力之间关系的悬链线索单元协调方程。通过一个正交松弛索网算例分析,考察了该找形方法的计算精度和收敛性。最后还模拟了一个索穹顶的施工成形过程,表明了该找形方法用于索杆张力结构施工成形分析的有效性。     

一阶无穷小位移机构的刚化判定

一阶无穷小位移机构是一类具有机构性能的特殊的新型空间结构,从工程结构的角度考虑,只有能够清除机构性而获得几何刚度的体系才是可承载的结构体系。一阶无穷小位移机构的几何刚度的获得是通过体系的相对机构位移而获得的,这与传统结构的几何刚度的概念是完全不同的。因此,研究一阶无穷小位移机构的刚化问题是非常重要的。Maxwell准则只从体系的拓扑关系来考虑体系的几何稳定性,这显然不能应用于一阶无穷小位移机构的刚化判定问题。本文基于矩阵向量空间分解的理论和一阶无穷小位移机构的概念。在体系的平衡矩阵引入了边界条件,对一阶无穷小位移机构的刚化判定问题进行了分析,运用功能原理给出了一阶无穷小位移机构刚化的等价条件和判定方法。通过几个数值算例验证了本文结论和方法是正确的、可靠的。     

薄壁杆约束扭转的单肢解析化分析方法

针对薄壁杆件约柬扭转的基本受力反应分析问题,采用与符拉索夫的经典约束扭转理论截然不同的立论途径,将自由扭转刚度视为调整因素,而将剥离了该抗力效应的薄壁杆件基本体系作为主要分析对象,推导出基于翘曲理论并考虑了自由扭转刚度影响的杆件刚度方程及结问荷载的等效措施.此外,提出了基于微段薄壁杆简化单刚的有效数值化分析方法.上述研究表明,对于钢构件等具有薄壁构型截面形式的杆件,这种单肢解析化分析方法无需进行复杂的截面特性如弯、翘曲惯矩或弯、形心坐标等的分析,力与变形的表达简洁、直接,本文的抗力性能分析和表述方式可为薄壁构件的稳定及畸变等研究提供新的思路切入点.     

结构的弹性支承压杆模型及其临界力的计算

本文推导了一般弹性支承压杆的特征方程,并由此方便地推广到14种不同弹性支承情况.通过微机计算给出了一批结果.用实例说明将结构构件简化为弹性支承压杆模型和求相关的弹性刚度的方法及本文成果的应用.其理论和方法在计算刚架、桁架、高层建筑结构构件的稳定性方面,具有准确、系统、简明以及便于计算机统一编程等优点.     

含刚性斜杆的平面有侧移刚架内力计算

在结构分析中,为简化计算常假定结构体系中某些杆件或杆件沿某个方向为无限刚性,含刚性杆结构的内力分析是结构力学的教学难点。在位移法教学中常涉及有侧移刚架,若刚架中含斜杆和刚性杆件,杆端位移将受到限制,结构体系中必有非独立结点位移出现。本文通过引入刚架中刚性约束的约束方程,获得约束方程的系数矩阵,根据系数矩阵秩的计算确定结构体系的基本未知量。并根据约束方程确定结构体系非独立结点位移与独立结点位移间的关系式,应用位移法分析刚架内力。     

带有全铰节点的三维杆系结构静力分析的回传波射矩阵法研究

推导出含有全铰节点的三维杆系结构的回传波射矩阵表达式,完善了具有任意连接和约束的空间杆系结构静力分析的回传波矩阵法.基于节点平衡方程和协调方程,推导出表达杆件近端位移和远端位移关系的传递分配矩阵及载荷源向量,并通过由对偶坐标系下近端位移和远端位移的关系获得结构的总体相位矩阵,再引入转列矩阵,进而推导出结构的回传波射矩阵,在此基础上求解以杆端位移为基本未知量的线性方程组,最终得到精确确定所有杆件的杆端位移及杆端内力的矩阵列式.给出了空间杆系结构算例分析,与有限元结果比较,验证了回传波射矩阵法的计算精度.     

非圆截面弹性细杆的螺旋线平衡及稳定性

本文研究端部受力和力矩作用，且存在初曲率和初扭率的非圆截面弹性细杆的螺旋线平衡及其稳定性。描述弹性细杆平衡状态的Kirchhoff方程存在与杆的螺旋线平衡状态相对应的特解。直杆和圆环杆为螺旋线状态的两种特例。文中分析了螺旋线的几何特性与作用力和力矩之间的相互关系，并导出螺旋线平衡的一次近似解析形式稳定性判据。分析表明，松弛状态下弹性杆可处于螺旋线状态，直杆只有在轴向压力的作用下才能保持螺旋线平衡。无初曲率和初扭率弹性杆的螺旋线平衡稳定性必要条件是杆截面绕副法线轴的抗弯刚度大于或等于绕法线轴的抗弯刚度。此条件也适用于带初扭率的圆环杆及更普遍情形。无初曲率和初扭率的圆截面杆的螺旋线平衡恒稳定。     

Unified classification of stability of pin-jointed bar assemblies

Based on the energy criterion and geometrical nonlinearity theory, this paper broadens conventional concepts of structural stability to explain some non-generic stability phenomena of pin-jointed bar assemblies in a unified and coherent way. A novel classification for stability conditions of such kind of structures is put forward, using analysis of the constitution of the tangential stiffness matrix. Some classical issues, including geometrical stability and stability of mechanisms, are re-investigated under this new concept as part of the formal theoretical development. Effects of bars stiffness are introduced into the necessary and sufficient conditions of intrinsic stability (stability of structure devoid of internal forces). The stability conditions for mechanisms, whether they acquire stiffness from self-stressing or external loading, are also probed. The stability of infinitesimal mechanism is expounded through consideration of high-order variations of the potential energy. Some discussions are provided at the end to build up an integrated understanding of stability of pin-jointed bar assemblies.     

Stability conditions for tensegrity structures

Stability conditions for tensegrity structures are derived based on positive definiteness of the tangent stiffness matrix, which is the sum of the linear and geometrical stiffness matrices. A necessary stability condition is presented by considering the affine motions that lie in the null-space of the geometrical stiffness matrix. The condition is demonstrated to be equivalent to that derived from the mathematical rigidity theory so as to resolve the discrepancy between the stability theories in the fields of engineering and mathematics. Furthermore, it is shown that the structure is guaranteed to be stable, if the structure satisfies the necessary stability condition and the geometrical stiffness matrix is positive semidefinite with the minimum rank deficiency for non-degeneracy.     

Stability conditions of prestressed pin-jointed structures

Pin-jointed structures are first classified to trusses, tensile structures, and tensegrity structures in view of their respective stability properties. A sufficient condition for stability of an equilibrium state is derived for tensegrity structures. The condition is based on the bilinear forms of the linear and geometrical stiffness matrices considering the flexibility of members. The stability is defined by the positive definiteness of the tangent stiffness matrix, whereas the definition of prestress-stability is based on the geometrical stiffness matrix and the infinitesimal mechanisms. Numerical examples verify that the so-called super-stability condition might not be satisfied by a stable tensegrity structure, and that a prestress-stable structure can be unstable if the prestresses are moderately large.     

刚接与铰接混合连接杆系结构的几何非线性分析

本文提出用子结构原理解决具有刚接与铰接混合连接空间杆系结构的几何非线性分析,实现其非线性稳定性分析的载荷-位移全过程跟踪。该法无须单独推导刚接、铰接以及一端刚接一端铰接单元的弹性刚度矩阵和几何刚度矩阵,而可以直接由空间梁单元退化得到,而且可以将平面问题与空间问题、刚接与铰接混合连接体系进行统一处理,算例表明,本文方法对于杆系结构的统一和整体分析是有效的。     

对称变截面平面曲杆的单元刚度矩阵

本以一种新的思路和做法对变截面曲杆进行单元分析,直接把变截面曲杆作为单元,采用弹性中心法导出了单元刚度矩阵通用公式,确定了截面按余弦规律变化时,轴线分别为圆弧形、抛物线形、半椭圆形平面曲杆的单元刚度矩阵精确式,供结构设计参考使用。     

Stiffness formulations and necessary and sufficient conditions for exponential stability of prestressable structures

Prestressable structures composed of elastic tendons and rigid bars are investigated for their stiffness and stability properties. Two analytical formulations of the tangent stiffness matrix are analyzed, the first using tendon lengths and forces, and the second using tendon lengths squared and force densities. Several necessary and sufficient conditions for the exponential stability of prestressable configurations are proved using both formulations. Advantages of these conditions, primarily with respect to the traditional test which uses the matrix of the first order system, are discussed and illustrated via examples. Advantages of the second formulation of the tangent stiffness matrix in analytical manipulations and computations are also revealed.     

Three-dimensional anisotropic and inhomogeneous elastic media matrix analysis for small and large displacements

Summary A matrix displacement technique for analysing three-dimensional anisotropic and inhomogeneous elastic media is given for small and large displacements. The body is idealized by an assembly of finite tetrahedra. Using the novel device of natural stresses, loads and elemental stiffness, concise expressions for stiffness of the complete system are set up. Hence small displacement solution is obtained. Extension to large displacements proceeds via an incremental technique and an additional geometrical stiffness simulating effects of change of geometry on equilibrium conditions. It is proved that geometrical stiffness of tetrahedron derives from equivalent six-bar framework. Joint presence of loads and thermal actions is included.Vollständigc Fassung, mit Ausnahme der Anwendungen, des Vortrages des Verfassers beim XI. Internationalen Kongreß für Mechanik, München, August–September 1964.     

钢筋混凝土空间杆件精细非线性分析模型

针对现有钢筋混凝土空间杆件非线性分祈模型进行了评还,应用结构力学方法推导得到了沿秆长配筋分布均匀的钢筋混凝土空间杆件的非线性单元刚度矩阵,建立了应用高斯积分点所在截面的非线性性质描述钢筋混凝土空间杆件非线性的计算过程。对于沿杆长配筋分布不均匀的杆件,根据其实际情况,将其细分为两段或三段沿杆长配筋分布均匀的杆段,以沿杆长配筋分布均匀的钢筋混凝土空间杆件非线性分析模型为基础,建立了沿杆长配筋分布不均匀的空间杆件的非线性分析模型。最后,给出了两个算例。就本文方法及程序的计算结果与模型结构振动台试验结果、常规非线性杆件模型的计算结果进行了比较。