顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱测定水中异味化合物

采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色盐／质谱联用测定了水中常见的3种异味化合物，即2-甲基异茨醇、土腥素和β-柠檬醛。研究并讨论了纤维头的类型、盐的种类和浓度、温度、萃取时间、搅拌和解吸时间等因素对异味化合物萃取量的影响。结果表明：在水样中加入30％（W／V）的NaCl溶液，采用65μm PDMS／DVB纤维头，在搅拌的条件下，于60℃顶空萃取40min为异味化合物固相微萃取的最佳条件。在优化的条件下，使异味化合物吸附于纤维涂层后，将其在250℃高温下解吸，再用GC—MS分析。土腥素、β-柠檬醛、2-甲基异茨醇的检出限依次为1．0、1．3和1．7ng／L；其相对标准偏差分别为4．9％、8．4％和6．2％：3种异味化合物在5～1000ng／L的范围内线性关系良好，相关系数均大于0．997。因此，用该方法分析水中痕量（ng／L级）的异味化合物，结果满意。     

2-甲基-1-(4-芳基噻唑-2-基)-苯并咪唑-6-甲酸乙酯的合成、表征及生物活性

以4-乙酰氨基苯甲酸乙酯为原料设计合成了14 种2-甲基-1-(4-芳基噻唑-2-基)-苯并咪唑-6-甲酸乙酯新化合物. 化合物结构经质谱、1H NMR、红外光谱和元素分析等确证, 并用单晶X射线衍射仪测定了化合物5a的晶体结构. 生物活性实验结果表明, 化合物5c(500 mg/L)对小麦白粉病菌抑制率达到95%; 化合物5e对辣椒疫霉病菌(25 mg/L)的抑制率为61.9%, 对油菜菌核病菌(500 mg/L) 抑制率高达97.2%; 化合物5k(25 mg/L) 对小麦赤霉病菌抑制率为55.1%.     

顶空固相微萃取谱-气相色谱-质谱联用测定饮用水中6种致嗅化合物

采用顶空固相微萃取谱-气相色谱-质谱联用法对饮用水中2-甲基异茨醇、土味素、2-甲氧基-3-异丙基吡嗪、2-甲氧基-3-异丁基吡嗪、2,4,6-三氯苯甲醚和2,3,6-三氯苯甲醚共6种致嗅化合物进行了分析。通过对固相微萃取纤维的类型、解吸附时间、NaCl溶液浓度、溶液pH、顶空温度、转速、顶空时间等顶空条件及GC-MS条件的优化,建立了一次性顶空固相微萃取快速测定饮用水中6种致嗅化合物的方法。采用0.10 mol/L的NaOH溶液将水样调至pH 6.0。以DVB/Carboxen/PDMS涂层的固相微萃取纤维头对20 mL添加了NaCl溶液浓度为0.3 g/mL的水样于70℃水浴顶空萃取25 min。被萃取的致嗅化合物于250℃解吸附4 min供GC-MS分析。6种致嗅化合物在0.25～100 ng/L范围内线性关系良好(R>0.986),检出限低于0.1 ng/L。对实际水样进行分析,低、中、高3种不同浓度的加标回收率为93.0%～106.6%,相对标准偏差为3.0%～6.6%(n=6)。该分析方法可对饮用水中6种致嗅化合物进行同时监测。     

气流吹扫-注射器微萃取-全二维气相色谱法用于原油组分的表征

建立了气流吹扫-注射器微萃取（GP-MSE）与全二维气相色谱/飞行时间质谱（GC×GC/TOFMS）联用分析原油成分的方法。为了找到适用于原油样品分析的GP-MSE条件,用饱和烃混合标准溶液和15种芳烃的混合标准溶液进行了条件优化,得到的最佳条件如下:取样量5 mg、萃取溶剂正己烷20 μ L、载气流速2 mL/min、加热时间3 min、加热温度300 ℃、冷凝温度-2 ℃。处理后的样品在全二维色谱/飞行时间质谱上进样分析,得到了满意结果。方法的检出限为34~93 μg/L,线性相关系数（R²）>0.99,对50种烃类化合物的回收率在82.0%~107.3%之间,相对标准偏差<10%（n=5）。结果表明GP-MSE-GC×GC/TOFMS法是一种新型绿色、高效、灵敏的分析方法,非常适合原油中挥发性与半挥发性组分的分析。     

顶空/气相色谱-质谱法测定婴幼儿食品中54种挥发性有机污染物

该文建立了同时测定婴幼儿食品中54种挥发性有机污染物的气相色谱-质谱方法。称取适量样品于20 mL顶空进样瓶中,加入5 mL氯化钠饱和溶液分散,加热振荡,目标物经DB-VRX毛细管色谱柱分离,单四极杆质谱全扫描模式测定。结果表明：奶粉基质中各化合物的线性范围为0.010～0.100 mg/kg,定量下限均为0.010mg/kg;粉状辅食基质中各化合物的线性范围为0.010～0.250mg/kg,定量下限均为0.010 mg/kg;泥状辅食基质中各化合物的线性范围为0.002～0.250 mg/kg,定量下限均为0.002 mg/kg。在不同加标浓度水平下,奶粉、谷物粉和果泥中各化合物的回收率为80.6%～130%,相对标准偏差（RSD）不大于19%。采用所建方法检测了35批次市售婴幼儿食品,9批次样品中共检出5种挥发性有机污染物。该方法前处理简单快捷,适用于婴幼儿食品中挥发性有机污染物的检测。     

超声辅助-表面活性剂增强乳化微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定薄荷芳香水中的挥发性成分

提出了基于低密度溶剂超声辅助-表面活性剂增强乳化微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定薄荷芳香水中的挥发性成分。优化的试验条件如下:1萃取剂为甲苯;21mg·L-1吐温80溶液的用量为30μL;3超声时间为1min。在气相色谱分离中用DB-5石英毛细管柱为固定相,在质谱分析中采用全扫描检测模式。方法用于薄荷样品的分析,薄荷芳香水中共鉴定出20种挥发性成分,薄荷挥发油中共鉴定出30种挥发性成分,其中所含的主要成分基本一致。     

微波蒸馏-固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱-嗅觉检测器联用分析鳙鱼鱼肉中的挥发性成分

用微波蒸馏(MD)-固相微萃取装置(SPME)提取鳙鱼鱼肉中的挥发性成分,利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)对气味化合物成分进行了定性分析,同时利用嗅觉检测器鉴别了部分挥发性物质的气味特征。实验中优化了MD的操作条件(加热功率、加热时间及载气流速等)、SPME参数(萃取头种类、萃取温度、萃取时间、无机盐离子浓度及搅拌速率等)。通过NIST 02质谱数据库检索共定性确定出鳙鱼鱼肉挥发性成分中的53种化合物,其中主要为 C6~C9 的羰基化合物和挥发性醇类。经过嗅觉检测器分析,这些成分分别具有青草味、鱼腥味、泥土味等气味特征,其协同作用构成了鳙鱼鱼肉特殊的鱼腥味、泥腥味。该方法可用于水产品中挥发性成分的分析,并可为不良风味化合物的定量研究提供参考。     

液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱法快速筛查苹果与生菜中248种农药残留

基于液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱(LC-QTOF/MS)建立了苹果和生菜中248种农药残留的同时快速筛查、确证和定量分析方法。样品经10 m L乙腈和5 m L 0.1%乙酸水溶液提取,改进Qu ECh ERS法净化,电喷雾电离,正离子扫描,SWATH-MS扫描模式检测,基质匹配外标法定量;建立了一级精确质量数据库、色谱保留时间和二级质谱库,实现了苹果、生菜中248种目标农药的快速筛查和确证。在0.010~0.200 mg/L质量浓度范围内,248种目标化合物的线性关系良好(r0.99)。248种农药的定量下限均为0.010 mg/kg。苹果、生菜中0.010、0.050、0.100 mg/kg 3个加标水平下的平均回收率分别为25.2%~128%,32.4%~132%和28.9%~133%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.98%~21.2%。该方法操作简便、耗时短、灵敏度高、稳定性好,适用于苹果和生菜中农药残留的筛查检测及定量分析,可显著降低检测成本,具有实际应用价值。     

超高效液相色谱-电喷雾离子源-串联三重四极杆质谱分析饮用水中的高氯酸盐

建立了超高效液相色谱-电喷雾离子源-串联三重四极杆质谱(UPLC-ESI MS/MS)分析饮用水中高氯酸盐的方法.以300Extend-C18为分析柱,10%甲醇水溶液为流动相,ESI MS/MS串联质谱为检测器,以多重反应监测(MRM)模式监测高氯酸盐m/z 99.5→82.9离子对.方法的线性范围为0.2 ～10 μg/L,相关系数为r2=0.999 9,方法检出限为0.15 μg/L,平均加标回收率为82%,相对标准偏差为4.4%.应用UPLC-ESI MS/MS法测定北京市部分城区饮用水中的高氯酸盐,其中5个水样中检出ClO-4,质量浓度为0.040 ～0.262 μg/L,但在安全阈值范围内,不会对居民健康构成威胁.     

气相色谱-质谱法测定饮用水中的萘、联苯、蒽

建立了测定饮用水中萘、联苯、蒽的气相色谱-质谱方法。水中的萘、联苯、蒽被二氯甲烷萃取,萃取液浓缩后进行气相色谱-质谱分析,以峰面积外标法定量。萘、联苯、蒽的线性范围分别为0.001512μg/L、0.001~8μg/L和0.001~8μg/L。萘、联苯、蒽的线性相关系数均在0.999以上,低、高浓度样品的加标回收率为89.2%~98.5%,相对标准偏差为4.5%~8.7%。萘、联苯、蒽的最低检出浓度分别为0.0002、0.0001、0.0001μg/L。该法适合于饮用水中萘、联苯、蒽的测定。     

Analysis of bromate in drinking water using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry without sample pretreatment

An analytical method for determining bromate in drinking water was developed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The (18)O-enriched bromate was used as an internal standard. The limit of quantification (LOQ) of bromate was 0.2 μg/L. The peak of bromate was separated from those of coexisting ions (i.e., chloride, nitrate and sulfate). The relative and absolute recoveries of bromate in two drinking water samples and in a synthesized ion solution (100 mg/L chloride, 10 mg N/L nitrate, and 100 mg/L sulfate) were 99-105 and 94-105%, respectively. Bromate concentrations in 11 drinking water samples determined by LC-MS/MS were <0.2-2.3 μg/L. The results of the present study indicated that the proposed method was suitable for determining bromate concentrations in drinking water without sample pretreatment.     

Development and validation of a fully automated online-SPE–ESI–LC–MS/MS multi-residue method for the determination of different classes of pesticides in drinking,ground and surface water

The present work describes a fully automated method based on online solid phase extraction–liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of different classes of pesticides, including acidic and polar pesticides and six thiamethoxam metabolites. Sample preconcentration was performed by extracting 4 mL of the sample with a single styrene-divinylbenzene polymer. Elution of the compounds was done within the high performance liquid chromatography gradient and tandem mass spectrometry determination was performed in the selected reaction monitoring mode, by recording 1–3 transitions per compound. The overall pretreatment and analysis time per sample was less than 15 min. Method validation was performed in drinking, ground and surface water. For nearly all compounds a recovery between 70% and 120% could be achieved. The limit of detection ranges from 1.2 to 18 ng/L in drinking water and 3.0 to 23 ng/L in ground and surface water. The correlation coefficients for a calibration range of 0.05–2 µg/L are between 0.9915 and 0.9999. The limit of quantification (LOQ) for all compounds lies below the required limit of 0.1 µg/L, to fulfil the Council Directive 98/83/EC. Most of the compounds easily reach an LOQ below 0.05 µg/L.     

顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用测定饮用水中的2-甲基异莰醇和土臭素

2-甲基异莰醇(2-methylisoborneol, 2-MIB)和土臭素(geosmin, GSM)在水源水中大量分泌排放是造成饮用水土霉异味突发事件、引发居民用水恐慌的重用因素之一。使用顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)与气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)建立了水库水、水库附近土壤、居民自来水中2-MIB和GSM的测定方法。结合正交分析优化了加盐量、萃取温度、萃取时间条件,在电子轰击(EI)-选择离子扫描(SIM)模式下进行了目标物的定性定量分析。结果表明:在5~1000 ng/L范围内,2-MIB和GSM的色谱峰面积与其质量浓度的线性关系良好(r²≥0.998), 2-MIB与GSM的检出限分别为0.72 ng/L和0.34 ng/L,定量限分别为2.40 ng/L和1.13 ng/L;目标物加标水平为10~600 ng/L时,平均回收率为93.6%~107.7%,相对标准偏差(RSD)≤6.1%(n=6)。基于上述方法,对辽宁省某地区水库水、水库附近土壤、居民自来水中的目标物进行检测,结果表明:水库水目标物质量浓度范围为3.0~3.6 ng/L,水库附近土壤中提取的2-MIB为8.1 ng/L、提取的GSM为17.8 ng/L,居民自来水中的目标物未检出。该方法操作简便、准确可靠,灵敏度高,无需有机溶剂,适合于饮用水中2-MIB和GSM的分析检测。     

QuEChERS-液相色谱-串联质谱法测定蔬菜中105种农药残留

通过优化QuEChERS前处理方法并结合液相色谱-串联质谱（LC-MS/MS）技术建立了蔬菜中105种典型杀虫剂、杀菌剂、除草剂、植物生长调节剂的多残留测定方法。目标化合物使用乙腈提取,以150 mg乙二胺-N-丙基硅烷（PSA）、150 mg封端十八烷基键合硅胶吸附剂（EC-C₁₈）、30 mg石墨化炭黑（GCB）作为基质提取液净化剂。实验结果表明,在0.010~0.200 mg/L范围内,105种目标化合物的线性相关系数（r）>0.99,方法定量限为0.010 mg/kg;3个添加水平的回收率范围为68.2%~108%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为1.02%~11.8%。该方法快速简便,净化效果好,可用于蔬菜中日常农药残留的测定。     

超高效液相色谱-串联四极杆质谱法检测小型家电外壳中的六溴环十二烷

建立了加热回流萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联四极杆质谱检测小型家用电器中六溴环十二烷( Hexabromocyclododecane,HBCD)的方法.实验优化了电子电器类产品的前处理方法,以甲苯-甲醇(10∶1,V/V)为萃取剂,加热回流4h.萃取出的溶液经N2吹干,初始流动相复溶,涡旋、离心、过膜,经ACQUITYTMUPLC BEH C18色谱柱分离;以甲醇-乙腈(4∶1,V/V)-10 mmol/L醋酸铵为流动相,质谱的多反应监测模式(MRM)进行检测,HBCD的3种同分异构体在3 min内完全分开.该物质的检山限为0.014 mg/L:定量限为0.068 mg/L;标准曲线的线性范围为1.6～ 32.4 mg/L,线性相关系数大于0.996,萃取回收率为68.0％～75.2％.通过外标法定量,并将本方法应用于实际样品(电视机外壳、电子相框、电磁炉外壳等)的检测.     

热解吸低温等离子体质谱技术直接快速筛查蔬菜中的有机磷农药

在传统低温等离子体质谱技术的基础上引入热解吸装置,建立了一种直接快速筛查蔬菜中有机磷农药的新方法。白菜样品经乙腈提取,离心取上清液进行质谱检测,在正离子检测模式下,将承载样品的载玻片置于加热块上进行解吸,被低温等离子体射流离子化后进入质谱检测。结果表明,在优化实验条件下,8种有机磷农药在0.005～0.200 mg/L质量浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数均大于0.99,检出限为0.001～0.010 mg/L,加标回收率为90.5%～119%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为12%～17%。与无热解吸条件相比,检测灵敏度提高了9.3～41.7倍。该方法操作简单,无复杂的样品前处理,灵敏度高、准确性好,可用于蔬菜中8种有机磷农药残留的同时测定,在大批量样品的非靶向分析中有较大的应用前景。     

Analysis of p-chlorobenzoic acid in water by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

para-Chlorobenzoic acid (p-CBA) is typically used as a probe compound to indirectly quantify hydroxyl radicals formed during advanced oxidation processes used in drinking water and wastewater treatment. A method has been developed for the sensitive analysis of p-CBA in water using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). A reporting limit in water of 100 ng/L was determined for the method, which is 40-fold lower than the 4.0 microg/L reporting limit of the widely used liquid chromatography with UV detection (LC-UV) method. The method was found to be robust in difficult matrices such as wastewater and highly selective, unlike LC-UV which relies on non-specific detection at 234 nm. The detection of p-CBA below 1 microg/L during bench-scale ozonation of wastewater after hydrogen peroxide addition was demonstrated. Duplicate samples were analyzed by LC-MS/MS and LC-UV and results were found to be comparable at concentrations quantifiable by both methods.     

On-tap passive enrichment,a new way to investigate off-flavor episodes in drinking water

Because taste and odor events in drinking water are often fleeting and unpredictable phenomena, an innovative enrichment sampler has been developed to trap off-flavor compounds directly at the consumer's tap. The ARISTOT (Advanced Relevant Investigation Sampler for Taste & Odor at Tap) consists of a tap adapter in which seven polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) coated stir bars are placed, allowing the stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) of organic compounds during each tap opening. In order to study the efficiency of ARISTOT, a private network pilot unit has been constructed in our laboratory, equipped with four faucets in parallel, solenoid valves for an automation of the system and a mixing chamber to spike drinking water with odorous compounds in order to have homogenously smelling water at each tap. After enrichment, the stir bars are taken out, in-line thermo-desorbed and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometer. The results showed the high sensitivity of ARISTOT, which was able to quickly monitor odorous compounds at the sub ng/L level. A “multishot” method was developed to analyze chemicals concentrated on the seven stir bars in only one chromatographic run, thereby increasing the sensitivity of the system. Higher enrichment factors were obtained under low water flow rates or by using longer stir bars and/or stir bars with a higher PDMS film thickness. No significant loss of extracted compounds was reported for flow rates between 2 and 4 L/min. This allowed us to spike the stir bars with an internal standard prior to sampling in order to monitor the analytical variations. It was also observed that hot water increases the loss of enriched solutes but the quantification can be corrected by internal standard addition.     

Comparison of High Performance Liquid Chromatography Methods with Different Detectors for Determination of Steroid Hormones in Aqueous Matrices

This paper presents the development and comparison of procedures for the qualitative and quantitative determination of five estrogenic compounds (17-α-ethynylestradiol, estrone, estradiol, estriol, and progesterone) in drinking water and wastewater samples. Five extraction columns and two disks were tested for their efficiency. The C₁₈ columns were superior on the basis of cost for solid phase extraction of drinking water or sewage. However, the best recoveries were achieved using extraction disks. High-performance liquid chromatography with diode array, fluorescence, and tandem mass spectrometry detectors were compared for selectivity, repeatability, and linearity of response. Solid phase extraction with high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry was the most sensitive, efficient, and precise for the determination of hormones in drinking water and wastewater. This method satisfied analytical validation criteria and was characterized by a low limit of detection at the pg-ng/L level. The study also considered challenges that emerged for steroidal hormone determination in aqueous samples.     

Compliance analysis of phenylurea and related compounds in drinking water by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry coupled with solid-phase extraction

A liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry method was reported for the compliance analysis of seven phenylurea compounds and two related herbicides (tebuthiuron and propanil) in drinking water. The volumes of the sample and final extract used in the method were 500 mL and 10 mL, respectively. The obtained method detection limits were less than 0.03 microg/L, and the mean recoveries were 74-128% with a relative standard deviation of 2.6-8.3% for all the studied compounds. The peak-to-peak signal-to-noise ratios ranged from 3.3 for cis-siduron to 34.2 for fluometuron. The accuracy and precision resulting from reagent and drinking water samples fortified at higher concentration levels were similar to these results. Several analytes were detected in the drinking water samples, including tebuthiuron at 0.5 microg/L, propanil at 0.7 microg/L, diuron at 0.1-2.1 microg/L, and linuron at 0.1-0.8 microg/L.