约化环的一些刻画

主要研究了约化环的一些性质,给出了约化环的一些刻画,进一步研究了约化环和弱约化环之间的联系.     

超平面构形的可约性

解决了关于中心超平面构形可约性的几个问题.首先,得到了可约性的一个充分必要条件. 具体地说,证明了中心超平面构形的不可约分支数等于构形的零次与一次对数导子所张成向量空间的维数.其次,证明了在相差背景空间的一个同构下,构形分解为不可约分支的直和的分解方式是唯一的.第3,给出了决定不可约分支个数和将构形分解成不可约分支之直和的一个有效算法.用此算法可决定一个构形是否可约.在可约情形下可以得到各个不可约分支的定义方程.     

弱完全并既约元及其应用

首先,引入弱完全并既约元的概念,讨论它的一些基本性质,并给出完全并既约元另一等价定义。其次,借助于下邻给出了并既约元为弱完全并既约元的一个内部刻画。最后,研究了各种既约元,素元,弱完全并既约元以及紧元之间的关系。     

Banach空间上的闭强不可约算子

本文首先给出Banach空间上闭强不可约算子的定义,并给出一个无界强不可约算子的例子;其次给出闭强不可约算子的性质,特别地,给出了闭强不可约算子的一些等价描述;最后给出上三角算子矩阵表示的闭算子具有强不可约性的一些充分条件.     

完备强对偶原子分配格上的不可约极小并分解及其应用

在完备强对偶原子分配格上引入了不可约极小并分解的概念,给出了元素存在不可约极小并分解的一些充要条件.证明了当元素恰有一个下邻时,该元索就足完全并既约元;有两个下邻时,元素的不可约极小并分解与不可约完全并既分解是等价的;下邻多于两个时,元素的不可约极小并分解不一定足不可约完全并既分解.最后证明了模糊关系方程有极小解的充要条件是方程左边有大于等于右手项的系数或右手项系数有不可约极小并分解.     

交换矩阵半群的可约性

首先分别给出单生矩阵半群或者摹群不可约、不可分解以及完全可约的充分必要条件,其次讨论一般域上矩阵半群的可约性的一些条件,最后特别地讨论实数域上矩阵半群的可约性,完全确定了实数域上对称和反对称矩阵组成的不可约交换矩阵半群.     

Hilbert空间有限强不可约分解算子

本文在Ｈｉｌｂｅｒｔ空间引入了有限强不可约分解算子及其强不可约分解在相似意义下的唯一性的概念,初步讨论了有限强不可约分解算子的性质,证明了一些算子的强不可约分解在相似意义下是唯一的．     

网约车新政下平台和乘客的Stackelberg博弈模型及策略研究

近年来,滴滴和优步等网约车平台的出现给城市居民出行带来了新的选择,然而随着新政的实施以及垄断巨头的酝酿诞生,网约车平台是否会降补贴提车价成为消费者最为关心的问题。文章构建网约车平台和乘客之间的Stackelberg博弈模型,分析了网约车平台的补贴和抽成策略对乘客是否选择网约车出行的决策行为以及网约车市场均衡的影响。理论研究和仿真结果表明:网约车平台合理的补贴力度和抽成力度可以有效规避行政监管成本增加和乘客资源流失的风险,提高双方的收益,实现社会的帕累托最优。     

分歧问题的一种新局部分析方法

为了便于分析一些复杂的分歧现象,人们常用约化方法将原分歧问题进行简化(通常是降维),然后再对约化后的问题进行分析.对稳态分歧问题进行局部分析的约化方法是 Liapunov-Schmidt 方法和隐函数定理约化法,本文通过一个简单例子说明传统约化方法的严重不足之处,并对有限维分歧问题提出了一种新的局部分析法——TBE 局部分析法。从而弥补了传统约化方法的不足,并对简单分歧和多重分歧问题进行局部分析也十分方便.     

分歧问题的一种新局部分析方法

为了便于分析一些复杂的分歧现象,人们常用约化方法将原分歧问题进行简化(通常是降维),然后再对约化后的问题进行分析。对稳态分歧问题进行局部分析的约化方法是Liapunov-Schmidt方法和隐函数定理约化法,本文通过一个简单例子说明传统约化方法的严重不足之处,并对有限维分歧问题提出了一种新的局部分析法——TBE局部分析法。从而弥补了传统约化方法的不足,并对简单分歧和多重分歧问题进行局部分析也十分方便。     

Preface

We are presenting in this volume the collection of extended abstracts of 66 talks that were presented at Combinatorics 2012 in Perugia, Italy. Combinatorics 2012 is the 17th in the series of combinatorics conferences held in Italy, first in 1981, next in 1982 and every two years since then.     

Integrating design problems in mathematics curriculum: an architecture college case study

This paper reports an attempt to improve results in the mathematics course in one of the architecture colleges in Israel through practise in applications. The effect of integrating structure design problems in the calculus curriculum on students' achievements and attitudes was examined. The applied topics in the curriculum were connected to calculus topics and studied through problembased learning activities. The integrated curriculum was implemented and the learning results in experimental and control groups were assessed by means of achievement tests, attitude questionnaires and student interviews. The learning achievements in the experimental group proved to be significantly higher than in the control group. The positive impact of learning applications on motivation, understanding, creativity and interest in mathematics is indicated.     

角蛋白16和17在部分表皮肿瘤中的表达和意义

目的 研究角蛋白16 和17（K16、K17）在部分表皮肿瘤中的表达和意义。方法 采用免疫组化法检测K16、K17在正常皮肤、脂溢性角化病、日光性角化病、皮角、基底细胞癌、鳞状细胞癌中的表达。结果 K16、K17 在正常皮肤表皮各层呈阴性表达;在脂溢性角化病表皮各层中除了角质层外大多呈阳性表达;在日光性角化病表皮K16 均不表达,K17 除了角质层外在其他各层也不表达;K16 在皮角表皮棘层呈强阳性表达,但在其他各层均呈阴性表达,K17 在皮角表皮各层基本呈阳性或强阳性表达;在基底细胞癌中,K16、K17除了在棘层呈弱阳性表达外,在其他各层均呈阴性表达;在鳞状细胞癌中,K16 在基底层呈阴性表达,但在其他各层及K17 在表皮全层均呈阳性或强阳性表达。K16 除基底层外在肿瘤表皮其他各层表达比较差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）;K17 在表皮各层表达差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。结论 K16、K17的表达状况可为表皮肿瘤的鉴别诊断提供病理学方面的依据。     

Scientists and mathematicians collaborating to build quantitative skills in undergraduate science

There is general agreement in Australia and beyond that quantitative skills (QS) in science, the ability to use mathematics and statistics in context, are important for science. QS in the life sciences are becoming ever more important as these sciences become more quantitative. Consequently, undergraduates studying the life sciences require better QS than at any time in the past. Ways in which mathematics and science academics are working together to build the QS of their undergraduate science students, together with the mathematics and statistics needed or desired in a science degree, are reported on in this paper. The emphasis is on the life sciences. Forty-eight academics from eleven Australian and two USA universities were interviewed about QS in science. Information is presented on: what QS academics want in their undergraduate science students; who is teaching QS; how mathematics and science departments work together to build QS in science and implications for building the QS of science students. This information leads to suggestions for improvement in QS within a science curriculum.     

火灾发生的周期性规律及其在火灾非线性组合预测模型中应用

研究火灾发生规律及发展趋势,具有实用价值.分析历年中国火灾统计数据,发现中国火灾的发生规律同时具有增长趋势性和周期波动性特征:①中国火灾从90年代开始大幅度增加,在2002年达到最大,然后逐年缓慢下降;②每年12个月呈正弦函数波动,周期为12,1、2月发生起数最大,8、9月最小.借助于M ATLAB软件,根据2000-2006年中国火灾统计数据,建立火灾的月发生起数的非线性周期性组合预测模型,预测值与实际值的平均相对误差小于0.07.研究结论为消防研究、消防部门决策提供科学依据.     

关于酸、碱平衡调节中肺作用的数学描述

在正常或疾病情况下,人体内酸碱平衡的调节是一个颇为复杂的过程.迄今尚存很多争议性问题,近年国外多倾向于建立各种数学模型,以期揭示体内酸碱平衡的调节机制.本文将“顺应性”这一概念,引入到人体酸碱平衡调节的研究中,并观察了在代谢性酸中毒和代谢性碱中毒时,肺参与代偿调节的顺应性变化范围和变化幅度,为应用数学模型进一步深入探讨机体内复杂的酸碱平衡调节机制,提供新的研究途径和手段.     

我国制造业背景下质量管理活动的量表开发研究

质量管理的测度是质量管理实证研究的基础,但我国在此领域还处于起步阶段。以重庆市制造业企业为样本,采用基于偏最小二乘法的证实性因子分析方法,对我国制造业企业的质量管理活动进行了实证度量。结论显示,我国制造业企业质量管理活动包含六个方面的主要内容:企业高层的支持、员工的参与、供应商关系、重视客户、产品设计和流程管理。研究给出了具体的我国质量管理活动的测度量表。     

Conceptualizations of slope in Mexican intended curriculum

Slope is a fundamental mathematics concept in middle and high school that transcends to the university level. An understanding of slope is needed at the university level since slope plays an important role in understanding problems involving variation and change. In this study Mexican curricula documents were examined to determine which conceptualizations of slope are addressed in the intended mathematics curriculum. To explain the results, we use conceptualizations of slope identified in previous research. Our findings reveal that, to a certain extent, the conceptualizations proposed in the Mexican intended mathematics curriculum differ slightly in terms of the emphasis and timing of instruction from what others have identified in the U.S., with slope as a geometric ratio receiving less emphasis in the Mexican curriculum. There was also noted discontinuity within the Mexican curriculum in introducing slope in grade 9 and subsequently introducing of linear functions in grade 10 without explicit mention of slope. Suggestions are made for future studies, both to consider the conceptualizations of slope promoted in the Mexican textbooks and the impact they have in classroom instruction and student learning of slope.     

Rawlsian altruism with perfect discrimination leads to social efficiency

Recent studies draw attention on the highly specialized capacity of human beings in recognizing altruists versus cheaters in social interactions. These results hint at the existence of specialized abilities that support discriminating behavior in strategic interactions. In this paper, we explore the implications of discriminating behavior in the study of the indirect evolutionary selection of selfish versus altruistic motivations in the context of generic 2×2 base games, and in particular for coordination and cooperation scenarios. We find that inequality averse (Rawlsian) altruism can enforce under rather general conditions socially optimal outcomes, including cases where selfishness cannot, such as in prisoner’s dilemmas. Inequality seeking (Nietzschian) altruism in no case improves upon Rawlsian altruism in terms of social optimality of outcomes, and often does worse. In the cooperation scenario in particular, Nietzschean altruism never manages to implement the cooperative outcome. Under perfect discrimination, moreover, inequality averse (Rawlsian) altruism often evolves at the expense of selfishness. These results suggest that the development of sophisticated discrimination abilities may be strongly adaptive in supporting fairness-oriented forms of pro-sociality in humans in the context of social dilemmas and coordination problems.     

Academics’ perceptions of the use and relevance of software in quantitative and financial disciplines

Software may be used in university teaching both to enhance student learning of discipline-content knowledge and skills, and to equip students with capabilities that will be useful in their future careers. Although research has indicated that software may be used as an effective way of engaging students and enhancing learning in certain scenarios, relatively little is known about academic practices with regard to the use of software more generally or about the extent to which this software is subsequently used by graduates in the workplace. This article reports on the results of a survey of academics in quantitative and financial disciplines, which is part of a broader study also encompassing recent graduates and employers. Results indicate that a variety of software packages are in widespread use in university programmes in quantitative and financial disciplines. Most surveyed academics believe that the use of software enhances learning and enables students to solve otherwise intractable problems. A majority also rate spreadsheet skills in particular as very important for the employability of graduates. A better understanding of the use of software in university teaching points the way to how curricula can be revised to enhance learning and prepare graduates for professional work.