多媒体课件辅助物理实验教学的辩证分析

中学物理教学必须以实验为基础．但传统物理实验存在许多问题,稍为复杂的实验,中学物理实验器材无法进行;微观领域和瞬间运动的实验,学生难于观察与记录;抽象的现象,实验无法展示等等,随着多媒体技术在中学物理教学中的运用,人们找到了解决这些问题的新方法．     

在黑板上演示物理实验

在黑板上能做物理实验吗？看起来有创新，其实只要把实验器材固定在黑板上，物理实验就能在黑板上演示了．     

看美国中学物理实验活动,反思我国物理实验教学

1对物理实验教学的重视程度 宓子宏（华东师范大学物理系教授）老师在早些年曾在美国考察访问过八所中学，给他留下深刻印象的是：美国中学物理教师普遍很重视实验．他们一般都有自己的专用教室，各班学生轮流来上课．教室里四周靠墙的桌子上，常常摆了一圈演示实验仪器．教室旁边还有一间准备室，准备室里也放满了教师的各种教具与实验器材；这些演示教具和实验器材大多是教师自己设计制作的．     

自制验证动量守恒实验的"落地"接应槽

1 问题的提出 在高中物理分组实验中,验证动量守恒定律非常重要,所用的器材如图1所示． 实验时两个小球离开实验槽“落地”后则满地滚．学生要找小球耽误时间．此外小球下落打在复写纸上时通常又弹跳起来再次“落地”,     

减小实验误差的三"选择"

实验设计的一般思路是，首先根据原理及可行性确定实验方案，其次选择实验器材、电路，最后进行数据处理和误差分析．选择操作性强的实验方案，选择合适的实验器材、电路，选择合适的处理实验数据的方法，可以减小实验误差，提高实验的精度．     

考核物理实验能力的笔试与操作考试的比较

一、高考中物理实验考核的现状与问题众所周知，在大规模考试中组织实验操作考试困难很大，在现有的条件下困难就更大．作为权宜之计，以实验笔试代替操作考试也不失为一种办法．从历年高考物理试题看来，高考中物理实验笔试题有如下主要特占[1,2]:1．有逐年加大实验笔试题比例的趋势，反映出对考查实验能力的重视，但另一方面，绝对分数的增加并不大；2，题型趋于稳定；3．考查日趋全面，涉及实验原理、步骤、仪器使用、器材选择、读数记录、实物图连接、看图改错、数据处理等．由此可见，高考中对实验笔试的考核办法已经成熟和定型，对促…     

高中电路实验的疑点选析

现行高中物理教材中有关电路的实验,是根据实验内容预先设计好电路,让学生按电路完成对实验器材连线、测量等项操作．但电路设计的根据,应如何选择实验器材及对实验的相关要求均未做具体说明,在实验中留下一些疑点．新课程的实施,虽然对电路实验的内容做了一些调整,但对实验的基本原理和基本测量方法的能力要求并未改变,而且注重学生在实验中的探究过程．教师能够指导学生有效地突破实验中的疑点,会有利于学生探究能力的提高．     

试探探索性物理实验课题的设计

1引言 探索性物理实验是这样一类实验，它是由教师给出实验课题，提供实验器材，提出实验要求，然后让学生自己拟定实验方案，制定实验步骤，主动收集有关信息，通过实验的观测和分析以及与他人的合作和交流去探索研究，从而发现“新”的物理现象，并通过提出猜想或假说，设计验证实验和按设计要求进行操作性实验，总结出他们原来并不知道的规律性的结论．整个探索过程包括提出问题、猜想与假设、制定计划与设计实验、进行实验与收集证据、分析与论证、评估、交流与合作几个基本要素．     

自制杨氏双缝干涉仪

“双缝干涉”实验成为高中物理教材中一个新的学生必做实验后，许多学校特别是边远地区广大农村高中，由于缺乏实验器材而无法在实验室中开设这个实验。即使条件相对优越拥有实验器材的学校，因该实验调节相对麻烦，实验现象模糊，学生也很少有动手操作的机会，更难在实验室中观察到实际的双缝干涉现象。这无疑会影响学生对双缝干涉实验的掌握，也在一定程度上降低学生学习物理的兴趣。为此，笔者利用身边常见的器材，自制了双缝干涉实验仪。     

论"边学边实验"型课堂教学的功能

物理是一门以观察和实验为基础的科学．根据这一自然科学的特点，应积极把实验活动引进课堂教学，在教师指导下，学生利用各种实验手段进行实验操作探索，并对所探索的问题进行交流和讨论，分析解决物理问题．加强实验教学，调动学习积极性，提高物理教学效果和开发学生创造能力，把传授知识和培养能力有机结合，这在加强素质教育的今天，尤其重要．做好课堂演示实验，重视学生的参与；在学生分组实验中，指导好学生自己动手操作实验，尽量采用探索式的实验方式；     

白光和红绿蓝光LED可调光源研制

为了提高LED光源色温和亮度的调节精度和准确度,结合色温由低向高变化时光色所呈现的渐变特点,提出了一种低色温白光LED灯珠、高色温白光LED灯珠加红绿蓝光LED灯珠补偿式调光的方法.将色温分成三个部分进行调节,每个部分选用不同的LED灯珠组合来进行调光.实验结果表明:不同组合情况下的LED光源的初始输出色温相对于目标值的偏差范围在1％以内;亮度可以在保证色温不变的情况下独立进行调节,初始输出值与目标值的偏差范围在1％以内;经过微调之后可以达到目标值;达到了色温和亮度独立调节的要求;光源发光稳定,不会因为长时间工作而影响调节精度.     

Atomic and electronic structures and stability of icosahedral nanodiamonds and onions

The relative stability of alternative carbon nanoparticles with icosahedral symmetry, such as diamond-like nanocrystallites and multiwalled fullerenes (onions), is investigated using the parametric model and the density functional tight-binding (DFTB) method. It is demonstrated that an increase in the size of particles and their hydrogenation favor the stabilization of diamond-like nanocrystallites. The formation of “intermediate” nanostructures consisting of diamond-like nanocrystallites inside the fullerene cage is revealed. The electronic spectra of icosahedral carbon nanoparticles are calculated.     

Muonic and pionic L- and M-series in carbon and oxygen and the pionic 2p level shift and width of oxygen

Muonic and pionic X-rays of the L- and M-series in C and O have been measured with a Si(Li) detector in the energy range between 7 keV and 60 keV. The target consisted of mylar (C₅H₄O₂). Energies and intensities of 21 transitions have been determined. The strong interaction shift of the pionic 2p level in O was measured and found to be +4.1 ±2.3 eV. The measured width of this level is 11±6 eV. The measured yields have been compared with cascade calculations.     

Spin and Statistics and First Principles

It was shown in the early seventies that, in Local Quantum Theory (that is the most general formulation of Quantum Field Theory, if we leave out only the unknown scenario of Quantum Gravity) the notion of Statistics can be grounded solely on the local observable quantities (without assuming neither the commutation relations nor even the existence of unobservable charged field operators); one finds that only the well known (para)statistics of Bose/Fermi type are allowed by the key principle of local commutativity of observables. In this frame it was possible to formulate and prove the Spin and Statistics Theorem purely on the basis of First Principles.     

Visualization and interferometry for cylindrical and spherical sample tomography and profilometry

A technique combining image processing and laser interferometry for visualizing and detecting the deformation of transparent cylindrical and spherical sample is proposed. This deformation includes geometric deformation such as volume transition in profilometry and physical deformation such as refractive index change in tomography. Phase contour lines are used for quantitative analysis and graphical representation of the deformation. This method allows us to visually detect the spatial variation of the deformation field and to evaluate the test quality such as misalignment of optical system. A theoretical analysis using phase contour map to characterize the deformation field is described in detail. A method using phase contour map to qualify the interferometric test is proposed. Analysis of test examples is carried out. Suggestions on using phase contour line method to ameliorate test system design are finally discussed.     

Nonlocal potentials and their exact and approximate local and velocity-dependent equivalents

We show that good approximations to the exact equivalent local potential (ELP) and damping factor of a nonlocal Perey-Buck potential can be calculated in the partial wave WKB approximation of Horiuchi. The exact ELP and damping factor are obtained by means of a method previously given by one of us. We also confirm that an approximate ELP proposed by Bauhoff et al. is of comparable accuracy as the Horiuchi approximation. Thesel-dependent ELP's exhibit reduced attraction in the interior and provide a test for higher order WKB approximations. We subsequently obtain an equivalent velocity dependent potential (EVDP) which is even exactly wave function equivalent to the original nonlocal potential. This almost local potential, unlike the trivial equivalent local potential, is smooth and well-behaved and is therefore particularly useful in nuclear reactions where the off-shell behaviour of the potential is important.