SORPTION OF PHENOL AND P-NITROPHENOL ONTO A WEAKLY ANION EXCHANGER: XPS ANALYSIS AND MECHANISM

1. INTRODUCTION Phenolic compounds are pollutants encountered frequently in water system. Some of them, such as phenol and p-nitrophenol, have been listed as priority pollutants in many countries. How to remove them completely from the polluted water is of significant concern to environmental scientists. Up to now many technologies such as biodegradation, oxidation and adsorption are available to remove phenolic compounds from the receiving water [1~4]. In the past two decadesphenol sorpt…     

STUDIES ON CAUSES OF THE POCKMARKED DISEASE OF CHINESE ANGELICA

The present studies show that there is a biocommunity including 59 kinds of organisms in and around the focus of angelica pockmarked disease to form a soil food web. These results add new content to the relationship among food webmembersr~[1, 2]. The studies prove that 6 species of Fusarium are pathogenes, the wounds caused by underground insects and artificial factors are beneficial to pathogene infection, and invertebrates carrying pathogenes aggravate the disease. According to the tests, a disease control method is proposed and applied to 14, 000 mu in Gansu Province, and economic and social benefits have been obtained. The present studies are part of the state projects on technological development of agriculture, animal husbandry and fishery.     

BEHAVIOR OF CHO CELLS ON MODIFIED POLYPROPYLENE BY LOW TEMPERATURE AMMONIA PLASMA

1. INTRODUCTION Bioreactors using membranes as substrates of cell cultures have become widely used for hybrid liver support systems [1]. For enhancing and prolonging the metabolism of the bioreactors, cytocompatible membranes are necessary because the cell culture is closely affected by the substrate surface. Surface factors considered to be important in cell culture are the concentration of ionic groups, the nature of polar and non-polar groups and the hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance [2].…     

DESORPTION OF VOCs FROM POLYMERIC ADSORBENTS UNDER MICROWAVE FIELD

1. INTRODUCTION Nowdays the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have become important pollutants to air [1]. The source of these wastes is very wide. The leakage of the VOCs from chemical and pharmaceutical manufacturing, printing processes, paint and adhesive manufacturing and applications, composites and fiberglass molding etc. is the source of the pollutants. A number of adsorbents are capable of capturing a wide range of VOCs. However, the conventional process of regenerating …     

TREATMENT AND RESOURCE REUSE OF WASTEWATER FROM NAPHTHOL AS-E PRODUCTION PROCESS

1. INTRODUCTION Naphthol As-E is an important intermediate of organic pigment and dyestuff. It is produced by condensation of 2,3-acid (2-hydroxy-3-carboxlic -napthalene) and p-Aminochlorobenzene with wastewater discharged [1]. The detected organic chemicals in the wastewater are primarily composed of 2,3-acid and a little naphthol As-E (Table 1). Both of them are very toxic and resistant to biodegradation. If discharged directly, the valuable materials in the wastewater would be waste…     

EXTENDED KINETIC ISOTOPE METHOD——ITS APPLICATION TO THE ANALYSIS OF BUTENE OXIDATIVE DEHYDROGENATION REACTION NETWORK OVER THREE CATALYSTS

The "Extended Kinetic Isotope Method" (EKIM) is presented in this paper in detail. The EKIM is applied to the analysis of butene oxidative dehydrogenation reaction network over Bi-Mo-P, Sn-P-Li and ferrite catalysts, including reversible isomerization between the three n-butene isomers, selective oxidation of n-butenes to butadiene, and totaI oxidation of n-butenes and butadiene. The reaction orders of selective and total oxidation reactions, as well as the rate constants of the 13 step reactions, have been estimated. From the results obtained, it is suggested that the rate determining step in the selective oxidation of butenes over the Bi-Mo-P and Sn-P-Li catalysts should be the abstraction of first hydrogen to form allyl intermediate. However, over the ferrite catalyst, the second H-abstraction from allyl intermediate rather than the first one might be the rate determining step. Mechanisms of selective oxidation and isomcrization reactions over the three catalysts are also discussed.     

Synthesis and Structural Characterization of [Mn（phen）2（H2O）2]（OAc）2.6H2O

1 INTRODUCTION Water oxidation to oxygen gas by photo- synthetic apparatus of green plants and cyano- bacteria is the origin of this gas in the atmosphere. The water oxidation center is a tetranuclear, oxide- bridged manganese cluster with O,N-based peri- pheral ligation by amino acid side-chain group[1, 2]. The binding of aqua to the Mn site may be impor- tant to the oxidation of aqua for producing dioxygen. 1,10-Phenanthroline has been adopted to simulate coordination sphere of manga…     

Ni催化剂上甲烷部分氧化制合成气反应性能与碳物种的关系

In the partial oxidation of methane (POM) to syngas, carbon deposition on the catalyst causing catalyst deactivation or reactor plugging was reported[1～3]. Our previous work showed that methane dissociation on metallic sites to H2 and NixC is an initial step of POM over Ni/Al2O3[4]. If NixC can not be consumed immediately after its formation, it has a tendency to dissolve into the nickel crystal to form carbon whiskers. The bulk carbon and carbon whiskers are more difficult to be oxidized than NixC. Therefore, prohibiting the transformation of NixC to bulk carbon and carbon whiskers can depress the formation of carbon deposition effectively.     

Lattice-confined Ru clusters for hydrogen oxidation reaction with high CO-tolerance

正Hydrogen has been considering as a promising renewable energy source and a viable alternative for fossil-fuels in the future [1,2]. Hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) and its reverse reaction are two significant reactions for applying hydrogen as electrochemical energy. On the other hand,platinum is believed to be the best electrocatalyst for HOR,although several drawbacks including high cost, scarcity,low CO tolerance, and depressed catalytic activities in alkaline environments, hinder the development of hydrogen application [1]. Hence, it is highly desired to develop Pt-free HOR catalysts with high activity, high stability, low cost, and good resistance to CO poisoning [3].     

STUDIES OF UNUSUAL OXIDATION STATES OF TRANSITION METALS (Ⅰ)——KINETICS AND MECHANISM OF OXIDATION OF POTASSIUM THIOCYANATE BY DIPERIODATOARGENTATE(Ⅲ) ION IN ALKALINE MEDIUM

The kinetics of oxidation of potassium thiocyanate by diperiodatoargentate (Ⅲ) (DPA) ions was studied in aqueous alkaline medium ([OH~-]=7.00×10~(-3)—0.200 mol. dm~(-3)) at a constant ionic strength (μ=0.30 mol. dm~(-3)). It is found that the reaction order in DPA is unity. The dependence of the rate on [OH~-] implies that there are two pathways through which the reaction proceeds. In each pathway, the order in NCS-is fractional and the kinetic data fit well in with Michaelis-Menten process. The influence of ligand on the reaction is examined and the reactive species are inferred. Two pathways of inner-sphere two-electrons transfer are believed to be involved in the oxidation. The rate equations are derived and all the equilibrium constants and rate constants are evaluated. Activation parameters of one pathway are determined.     

Studies of Unusual Oxidation States of Transition Metals Ⅱ——Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Pyruvate by Diperiodatoargentate (Ⅲ)Ion

The kinetics of oxidation of pyruvate by diperiodatoargentate( III) ion (DPA) has been studied spec-trophotometrically in alkaline medium. It was found that the reaction order with respect to both DPA and pyruvate is unity and the rate equation can be expressed asThe rate increases with the increase in [OH ] and decreases with the increase in [periodate]. There is a positive ionic strength effect in this reaction system. A mechanism has been proposed to explain the experimental results. The observed activation parameters are presented.     

Efficient Direct Synthesis of Indole over Novel Ag/SiO2 Catalyst

Indole is an important heterocycle substance which could be used to produce indigo dye, perfume, forage additive and tryptophan[1～3]. Although there are some methods to produce indole[4], one of the most promising routes, from an industrial point of view, seems to be the direct synthesis from aniline and ethylene glycol[5]. This is a one step reaction from reactants to indole and the starting materials are inexpensive.     

Defect engineering of single-walled carbon nanohorns for stable electrochemical synthesis of hydrogen peroxide with high selectivity in neutral electrolytes

Hydrogen peroxide(H₂O₂)is one of the most important chemicals,which are commonly used in the paper and pulp industry,water purification and environmental protection[1-3].Most of the commercial available H₂O₂ is produced by the anthraquinone oxidation process,which is environment unfriendly.     

Preparation and Crystal Structure of a Rare-earth Salt Based on the Decavanadate (V_(10)O_(28)~(6-)): [Y(H_2O)_8]_2[V_(10)O_(28)]·9H_2O

1INTRODUCTION Contemporary interest in polyoxovanadates re-flects not only their attractive magnetic and electro-nic properties[1~3],but also the complex structural chemistry of vanadium with a variety of coordina-tion geometries and oxidation states[4].Decavana-date is a represent of the fully oxidized isopolyva-nadates.A number of compounds have been repo-rted and characterized[5~9],but it is found now that most of these polyvanadate salts coordinated with metal cations are actually eith…     

1,5-Dimethy-4-[(3-nitro-benzylidene)-amino]-2-pheyl-1,2-dihydro-pyrazol-3-one

1INTRODUCTION Antipyrine(2,3-dimethyl-1-phenyl-5-pyrazolone)and its derivatives exhibit a wide range of biological activities and applications[1~3].Antipyrine shows mi-nimal protein binding and is rapidly and completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and exten-sively metabolized by the cytochrome P450liver en-zymes[4].Estimates of half-life and systemic cleara-nce of antipyrine have been used for the in vivo asse-ssment of hepatic drug oxidation in different spe-cies[5].Owing to…     

Hydrothermal Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Trioxomolybdate：NaH3OMo3O10

1 INTRODUCTION Polyoxometalates (POM) are of great interest not only for their structural variety but also their unexpected properties[1,2]. These inorganic anions had been widely investigated as divers as catalysis, biology, medicine, magnetochemistry, and materials science[3~5]. The molybdenum in its higher oxidation states is easy to form poly-nuclear anionic metal-oxygen clusters and many giant poly- molybdates with extraordinary variety of the relevant topology and electronic struct…     

A comparative study in structure and reactivity of “FeO_x-on-Pt” and “NiO_x-on-Pt” catalysts

Oxide nanostructures grown on noble metal surfaces are often highly active in many reactions,in which the oxide/metal interfaces play an important role.In the present work,we studied the surface structures of Fe Ox-on-Pt and Ni Ox-on-Pt catalysts and their activity to CO oxidation reactions using both model catalysts and supported nanocatalysts.Although the active Fe O1x structure is stabilized on the Pt surface in a reductive reaction atmosphere,it is prone to change to an Fe O2x structure in oxidative reaction gases and becomes deactivated.In contrast,a Ni O1x surface structure supported on Pt is stable in both reductive and oxidative CO oxidation atmospheres.Consequently,CO oxidation over the Ni O1x-on-Pt catalyst is further enhanced in the CO oxidation atmosphere with an excess of O2.The present results demonstrate that the stability of the active oxide surface phases depends on the stabilization effect of the substrate surface and is also related to whether the oxide exhibits a variable oxidation state.     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Copper(II) Complex with Mixed Bipyridine and 2-Hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde Ligands

1 INTRODUCTION Galactose oxidase is a monomeric enzyme that catalyzes the stereospecific oxidation of a broad range of primary alcohol substrates and possesses a unique mononuclear copper site essential for catalyzing a two-electron transfer reaction during the oxidation of primary alcohol to corresponding aldehydes[1]. The catalytic reaction is shown in Eq. 1. RCH2OH + O2 RCHO + H2O2 (1) A recent report on the crystal structure of galactose oxidase reveals a unique mo…     

The chlorine evolution reaction promoted by organocatalysts with amide functional groups

<正>Since the nineteenth century, the chlor-alkali process entails the electrochemical oxidation of sodium chloride solutions to Cl₂ by the chlorine evolution reaction(CER) and the simultaneous production of sodium hydroxide and H₂ at the cathode, of which sodium hydroxide and Cl₂ are widely used as important chemicals [1]. Currently, Cl₂ production relies heavily on the chlor-alkali process, which is implemented on an industrial scale worldwide,     

Theoretical Study on the Tripletsensitized Photolysis of 2,5-Dimethylfuran

1 INTRODUCTION Photosensitization of the furans has once been a region of very active study in experiments[1～7]. As regards the reaction of 2,5-dimethylfuran in this work, however, it proceeds through carbene intermediate leading to the major product and also there are some minor reactions through diradical intermediate[2d]. Because of the symmetry of 2,5-dimethylfuran, the bond breakage between O atom and two adjacent carbon atoms are equal to each other. Thus there is only one bond br…