基于酶剪切量子点荧光放大技术的双元miRNA定量检测

将量子点荧光特性与双链特异性核酸酶的DNA剪切特性相结合,提出一种高灵敏度、高特异性的双元miRNA定量检测方案.首先,将量子点和四氧化三铁磁性纳米粒子分别与捕获DNA链接形成捕获探针,再与待测miRNA互补配对形成异源双链杂合结构,随后双链特异性核酸酶对杂合结构中的捕获DNA进行特异性剪切,实现量子点和待测miRNA从捕获探针分离,且分离的待测miRNA与捕获探针上未配对的DNA开始新一轮杂交和再剪切.经过上述循环过程,量子点从捕获探针大量释放,荧光信号不断增强,实现肿瘤标志物miRNA的高灵敏检测.实验结果表明,基于酶剪切量子点荧光放大技术,在1fmol/L至100pmol/L的浓度范围内,同时实现了肿瘤标志物miRNA-141及循环miRNA内参miRNA-1228的特异性定量检测,其检出限分别达到0.69fmol/L和0.21fmol/L.与实时荧光定量多聚核苷酸链式反应方法相比,该方案获得了相同的检测结果,且具有更高灵敏度.     

Tb3+荧光离子探针检测三链DNA的形成

Tb^3 本身具有荧光,Tb^3 和DNA结合后仍具有荧光,荧光强度不仅与DNA中碱基的种类有关,而且还与DNA是单链、双链还是三链有关。文章用Tb^3 离子作为荧光探针,检测了三链DNA的形成。实验结果表明：polydA和Tb^3 结合后的荧光强度大于polyd T和Tb^3 结合后的荧光强度。说明荧光强度和碱基的种类有关。实验结果还显示Tb^3 在与三链DNA作用后的荧光光谱的谱峰位置与单链及双链DNA的荧光光谱的谱峰位置基本相同,但是其强度差异明显。Tb^3 与单链DNA作用后的荧光强度最大,三链次之,Tb^3 与双链DNA作用后的荧光强度最弱。通过测定荧光强度的变化研究了三链DNA的形成和pH、金属离子对形成三链DNA的影响。pH中性和高价阳离子的存在有利于三链DNA的形成。     

基于InP@ZnS QDs/Dured纳米荧光探针的DNA检测

利用巯基丙酸包覆的In P@Zn S量子点(QDs)与Dured构建了一种检测DNA的荧光探针。在该探针中,以环境友好型带负电的In P@Zn S量子点为荧光团,与带正电的Dured通过静电结合,构建了In P@Zn S QDs/Dured纳米荧光探针。通过荧光共振能量转移(FRET)机理,量子点荧光被猝灭;当DNA存在时,Dured与DNA的特异性结合使Dured从In P@Zn S QDs表面脱附,FRET过程被打断,In P@Zn S QDs荧光恢复,以荧光"关-开"方式检测DNA。该探针检测DNA的线性范围为2.0~275.0 ng·L-1,检测限为1.0 ng·L-1,并可用于模拟生物生理条件下的DNA检测。     

共轭聚合物单分子构象和能量转移特性研究

利用基于宽场显微光学系统的单分子散焦成像技术测量了不同构象poly[2,7-(9,9-dioctylfluorene)-alt-4,7-bis(thiophen-2-yl)benzo-2,1,3-thiadiazole](PFO-DBT)共轭聚合物单分子的光物理与动力学特性.通过分析共轭聚合物单分子的荧光轨迹和对应的发射偶极取向变化识别共轭聚合物单分子发光单元,发现延伸构象下的单分子呈现多发色团发光特性,而折叠构象下的单分子保持高效链间能量转移,呈现单个发色团发光特性.共轭聚合物单分子构象对能量转移效率的影响可用于研究基于共轭聚合物的光电器件和分子器件.     

稀土配合物荧光探针用于研究多肽和DNA的相互作用

稀土元素铽与对氨基水杨酸、二乙三胺五乙酸形成的配合物DTPA-pAS-Tb具有独特的光学性质,包括大的Stokes位移、毫秒级的荧光寿命、窄的发射谱带、良好的水溶性,适合作为荧光探针。DTPA-pASTb的荧光峰和有机染料四甲基罗丹明(TAMRA)的吸收峰有较大的重叠,可以发生有效的荧光共振能量转移(FRET)。我们将供体DTPA-pAS-Tb标记于双链DNA上,并在多肽上标记受体TAMRA,利用稳态及瞬态荧光光谱检测荧光供受体对之间的能量转移,研究多肽和DNA的相互作用。     

荧光光谱法研究PNA-DNA的杂交和解链

本文建立了一种以阳离子型荧光染料藏红 T(ST)作为荧光试剂的荧光猝灭新方法 ,ST首次被用于PNA- DNA杂交和解链的检测。实验结果发现当 PNA- DNA杂交形成双链时 ,可以在一定程度上猝灭 ST的荧光 ,而当双螺旋解链时 ,对 ST荧光的猝灭程度减小 ,逐渐接近于 ST本身的荧光 ,根据荧光强度的变化研究了 PNA- DNA的杂交和解链过程。通过 UV光谱实验证实了这种荧光猝灭由它们之间的静电作用以及 ST插入到双螺旋内部引起     

快速简便的杂交检测DNA

Southern杂交作为黄金标准,已广泛运用于DNA的检测上。但是,经典的southern杂交和近年来一些DNA检测方法存在放射性污染,操作繁琐,耗时,对实验仪器设备要求高等问题。本文利用异硫氰酸荧光素(FITC)标记的dUTP合成DNA探针建立了快速检测DNA的液相杂交方法。该方法包括探针制备、液相杂交、电泳分离和信号检测四个步骤,并在此基础上对FITC-双链和FITC-单链探针的杂交效果作了比较。结果显示,使用FITC标记的两种探针都能取得良好的实验结果,但单链探针较双链的检测灵敏度高;双链DNA探针可以检测出0.8 μg(3.64×10-13 mol)的质粒,而单链DNA探针可以检测出0.38 μg(1.82×10-13 mol)的质粒DNA,在检出效率上是前者的2.1倍。整个检测过程操作简便,可在3 h内完成,可较好地解决了其他DNA检测方法存在的费时费力的问题。     

基于空心海胆状金纳米粒子和银/氧化锌纳米结构SERS特性的基因类肿瘤标志物高灵敏检测

基因类肿瘤标记物microRNA(miRNA)的痕量检测对于癌症早期诊断具有重要应用价值.根据空心海胆状金纳米粒子和银/氧化锌(Ag/ZnO)纳米结构的表面增强拉曼散射特性,并基于碱基互补配对原理构建探针-核酸-基底组成的"三明治"结构,提出了一种基因类肿瘤标志物miRNA的高灵敏定量检测方案.首先将捕获DNA与修饰4-巯基苯甲酸(4-MBA)的空心海胆状金纳米粒子链接作为探针,同时在Ag/ZnO纳米结构上修饰靶DNA,经与miRNA-106a互补杂交后进行SERS信号检测,获得相应的剂量-响应曲线.实验结果表明,在1 fmol·L~(-1)至1 nmol·L~(-1)的检测范围内,对miRNA-106a的检测限达到1.84 fmol·L~(-1).同时,采用实时荧光定量多聚核苷酸链式反应方法验证了基于空心海胆状金纳米粒子和Ag/ZnO纳米结构SERS特性的miRNA检测方案的可靠性.     

基于信号增强的电化学发光适配体传感器检测三磷酸腺苷

基于三磷酸腺苷(ATP)适配体与ATP分子作用后可以显著增强电化学发光信号的性能,研究了一种用于ATP含量检测的电化学发光适配体(ECL-aptamer)传感器。通过电沉积方法获得纳米金电极。3′端标记联吡啶钌发光分子的探针DNA通过5′端修饰的巯基自组装到纳米金电极表面,然后与5′端标记二茂铁分子的ATP核酸适配体互补杂交,形成刚性线形的双链DNA,由此构建的传感器产生较弱的电化学发光(ECL)信号。该传感器在ATP溶液中孵化后,由于ATP分子与ATP适配体强的特异性结合,使得适配体分子与探针DNA分子解离,从电极表面脱落进入溶液,此时电极表面的探针DNA在强电解质溶液中可以形成发卡型的茎环结构,产生显著增强的ECL信号。ECL信号强度与ATP浓度的对数值呈线性关系,线性范围为10.0～1.0×10~5 pmol/L,相关系数r=0.995 9,检测限为5.0 pmol/L。该传感器的灵敏度与检测范围高于目前已报道的结果,显示出了ATP检测的应用潜力。     

利用单分子光学探针测量幂律分布的聚合物动力学

研究聚合物薄膜纳米尺度的动力学特性对于高性能材料的制备具有重要的意义.本文利用尼罗红单分子作为光学探针吸附在聚丙烯酸甲酯(PMA)聚合物链上,研究该聚合物薄膜的动力学特性.通过单分子散焦宽场荧光成像显微镜技术测量了单分子随PMA聚合物链转动弛豫的三维再取向特性,当环境温度高于PMA的玻璃点温度19 K时,发现处于PMA聚合物薄膜中的单分子光学探针的转动态和非转动态的持续时间概率密度服从指数截止的幂律分布.研究结果表明该温度下PMA聚合物薄膜的纳米环境动力学仍存在空间和时间异构性.     

Self‐Assembly of Bidirectional‐Signal Nanoclusters for Two miRNAs Simultaneously Monitoring in Single Cancer Cells

A novel finding is herein reported that the bidirectional‐signal nanoclusters self‐assemble simultaneously on the nanoflowers as a result of four‐way folding (FWF) nanoprobes and DNA rolling circle replication reactions. The functionalized FWF nanoprobe containing the identification region for two targets monitoring and the trigger region for amplification signals is first used to activate the clustered amplification for two cancer‐related microRNAs (miRNAs) assays in single cells. Furthermore, the self‐assembled nanoclusters with two‐way amplification signals can provide more reliable information in situ in individual cell. Importantly, this new method can significantly distinguish cancer cells from normal cells and identify changes in the expression levels of cancer‐related miRNAs for single cells. These findings have exciting potential to provide new opportunities for detection and enhance the accuracy of early disease diagnosis.     

SYBR Green I: Fluorescence Properties and Interaction with DNA

In this study, we have investigated the fluorescence properties of SYBR Green I (SG) dye and its interaction with double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). SG/dsDNA complexes were studied using various spectroscopic techniques, including fluorescence resonance energy transfer and time-resolved fluorescence techniques. It is shown that SG quenching in the free state has an intrinsic intramolecular origin; thus, the observed >1,000-fold SG fluorescence enhancement in complex with DNA can be explained by a dampening of its intra-molecular motions. Analysis of the obtained SG/DNA binding isotherms in solutions of different ionic strength and of SG/DNA association in the presence of a DNA minor groove binder, Hoechst 33258, revealed multiple modes of interaction of SG inner groups with DNA. In addition to interaction within the DNA minor groove, both intercalation between base pairs and stabilization of the electrostatic SG/DNA complex contributed to increased SG affinity to double-stranded DNA. We show that both fluorescence and the excited state lifetime of SG dramatically increase in viscous solvents, demonstrating an approximate 200-fold enhancement in 100?% glycerol, compared to water, which also makes SG a prospective fluorescent viscosity probe. A proposed structural model of the SG/DNA complex is compared and discussed with results recently reported for the closely related PicoGreen chromophore.     

Fluorescence Study of Lipid-based DNA Carriers Properties: Influence of Cationic Lipid Chemical Structure

We report here a study on the physicochemical properties of cationic phospholipids liposomes used for lipoplex formulation and DNA transfer. The original cationic phospholipids synthesized in our laboratory are first presented with the liposome formulation process. The second part deals with the liposomes fusogenic properties studied by fluorescence resonant energy transfer (FRET). The nature of the cationic polar head and the formulation with or without a neutral colipid have a great influence on the FRET signal. The third part reports the study of the viscosity of the liposome by fluorescence anisotropy measurements. It has been observed that the vectors having a saturated lipid chain exhibit a more pronounced anisotropy than those having unsaturated lipid chains. Finally, liposomes formed by a mixture of phospholipids and DC-Chol (a rigid lipid) leads to increase the anisotropy denoting a more rigid liposome.     

Comparison of FÖrster-Resonance-Energy-Transfer Acceptors for Tryptophan and Tyrosine Residues in Native Proteins as Donors

Homogenous bioaffinity analysis with tryptophan/tyrosine residues in native proteins as FÖrster-resonance-energy-transfer (FRET) donors is feasible when suitable fluorophors can act as FRET acceptors in ligands (FRET probes) and FRET efficiency in complexes of proteins and FRET probes is high enough. In complexes of proteins and FRET probes, suitable acceptors should have excitation peaks around 335 nm and high rotation freedom, are preferred to have sufficient quantum yields and excitation valleys around 280 nm. In protein binding sites mimicked with mixtures of neutral phosphate buffer and organic solvents, quantum yields of candidate acceptors are altered inconsistently but their excitation peaks show tiny changes. Fluorophores as acceptors in such FRET probes are buried inside glutathione-S-transferase and have low rotation freedom, but are localized on streptavidin surface and display high rotation freedom; FRET efficiency in complexes of streptavidin and its FRET probes is much stronger than that in complexes of glutathione-S-transferase and its FRET probes. Specially, the quantum yield is about 0.70 for free 1-naphthylamine probe in neutral phosphate buffer, about 0.50 for 1-naphthylamine probe bound by streptavidin, and about 0.15 for that bound by glutathione-S-transferase. The quantum yield is about 0.06 for free dansylamide probe, about 0.11 for dansylamide probe bound by streptavidin and about 0.27 for that bound by glutathione-S-transferase. Therefore, 1-naphthylamine and dansylamide are effective acceptors when they localize on surfaces of complexes of proteins and FRET probes.     

MicroRNA快速检测系统的设计

为了实现MicroRNA的快速检测,设计了一种便携式MicroRNA快速检测仪.基于等温滚环扩增技术,采用光电检测方法,检测标志物受激发出的荧光光强,建立特征荧光分析检测系统.通过改变激发光强度、MicroRNA试剂浓度等参量,验证了该仪器可测量的MicroRNA的浓度范围为0.01~0.1μmol,可检测出的最低检出限为7个拷贝数,MicroRNA浓度与荧光信号强度之间为线性关系(R2=0.999 1).     

基于近红外量子点的荧光共振能量转移生物探针构建及应用

本论文构建了基于近红外量子点In P/Zn S和Cy7(C45H44K3N3O16S4)的荧光共振能量转移(FRET)体系,完成了不同p H值和不同浓度下的FRET体系转换效率的检测。检测结果显示:当量子点浓度保持不变时,随着染料浓度的增加,体系转换效率也随之增加,当In P/Zn S量子点与Cy7浓度比为1∶250时,转换效率高达68%。细胞测试结果表明,FRET体系对p H值有较高敏感度,对细胞微环境p H值的检测精度可达0.1,该体系可以作为敏感型FRET探针用于生物微环境检测。     

Interactions of Nile Blue with Micelles, Reverse Micelles and a Genomic DNA

In this contribution we report studies on the nature of binding of a small ligand/drug Nile blue (NB) with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micelles, bis-(2-ethylehexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT)/isooctane reverse micelles (RM) and a genomic DNA extracted from Salmon sperm. With detailed steady state and picosecond resolved optical spectroscopic techniques, we examined the fluorescence quenching of the ligand upon complexation with the SDS monomers and DNA. Polarization analyzed picosecond-resolved fluorescence measurements reveal geometrical restriction on the probe in SDS micelles, AOT-RM and DNA. Steady state and time resolved studies on the probe in nanocages of AOT RM with various degrees of hydration (w₀) reveal the existence of NB as two distinct species namely, neutral and cationic. This study confirms that the emission of NB in aqueous micelles and DNA solution is due to the cationic form of the drug. Our experiments clearly identified non-specific electrostatic and intercalative modes of interaction of the probe with the DNA at lower and higher DNA concentrations respectively. The nature of binding of NB in presence of the DNA and SDS micelles reveals that the binding affinity of the probe is higher with the micelles than with the DNA. The complex rigidity of NB with DNA and its fluorescence quenching with DNA elucidate a strong recognition mechanism between NB and DNA.     

Peptide arrays with designed α-helical structures for characterization of proteins from FRET fingerprint patterns

A practical high-throughput protein detection system is described, based on synthetic peptide arrays consisting of designed alpha-helical peptides, detected by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). Initially a model alpha-helical peptide known to interact with a structured protein, calmodulin, was selected to establish the strategy for high-throughput detection. In comparison to peptides with a single probe, a much higher FRET response has been observed with two fluorescent probes (7-diethylaminocoumarin-3-carboxylic acid and 5(6)-carboxy-fluorescein) at both termini of the synthetic peptides. To establish a reproducible high-throughput detection system, peptides were also immobilized onto a solid surface for detection of the target proteins. A small library of 112 different peptides was constructed, based on a model of the alpha-helical peptide with systematic replacement of residues carrying specific charges and/or hydrophobicities. The library was used to effectively characterize various proteins, giving their own 'protein fingerprint' patterns. The resulting 'protein fingerprints' correlate with the recognition properties of the proteins. The present microarray with designed synthetic peptides as the capturing agents is promising for the development of protein detection chips.     

Detection of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Staphylococcus aureus</Emphasis> Carrying the Gene for Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin 1 by Quantum-Dot-Probe Complexes

In this study, a high-sensitive and high-specific method to detect the toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1)-producing Staphylococcus aureus was developed based on quantum dot (QD) and oligonucleotide probe complexes. S. aureus carrying tst gene which is responsible for the production of TSST-1 were detected based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) occurring between CdSe/ZnS QD donors and black hole quencher (BHQ) acceptors. QD-DNA probe was prepared by conjugating the carboxyl-modified QD and the amino-modified DNA with the EDC. Photoluminescence (PL) quenching was achieved through FRET after the addition of BHQ-DNA which was attached to tst gene probe by match sequence hybridization. The PL recovery was detected in the presence of target DNA by BHQ-DNA detached from QD-DNA probe because of the different affinities. In contrast, mismatch oligonucleotides and DNAs of other bacteria did not contribute to fluorescence intensity recovery, which exhibits the higher selectivity of the biosensor. The experimental results showed clearly that the intensity of recovered QD PL is linear to the concentration of target DNA within the range of 0.2–1.2 μM and the detection limit was 0.2 μM.     

Characterization of Monoolein-Based Lipoplexes Using Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Lipoplexes are commonly used as delivery systems in vitro and in vivo, the role of a neutral lipid as helper being of extreme importance in these systems. Cationic liposomes composed of dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide (DODAB) with monoolein (MO) as a helper, at different molar ratios (1:2; 1:1 and 1:0.5) were prepared, and subsequently titrated to DNA. The structural and physicochemical properties of the lipid/DNA complexes were assessed by ethidium bromide (EtBr) exclusion, 90° static light scattering (90° SLS) assays and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). In EtBr exclusion assays, the steady-state fluorescence spectra of EtBr were decomposed into the sum of two lognormal emissions, emanating from two different environments – H₂O and DNA, and the effect of charge ratio (+/-) was observed. 90° SLS assays gave an important contribution, detecting size variations in systems with different MO fractions on the lipoplexes. In FRET assays, 2-(3-(diphenylhexatrienyl)propanoyl)-1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPH-HPC) was used as donor and EtBr as acceptor. The DNA component previously calculated by EtBr exclusion, was used to determine the energy transfer efficiency, as an indirect measurement of the lipoplexes structural and physicochemical properties. Our results demonstrate that the inclusion of monoolein in the cationic liposomes formulation significantly modifies the rate of DNA complexation, being DODAB:MO (1:1) the system with higher DNA condensation efficiency.