各向异性介质波动问题的时域边界元法及实验验证

对前已建立的各向异性介质波动问题的时域边界元计算模型进行了实验验证．用单向纤维增强光弹性复合材料模拟正交异性介质，用冲击加载，加载方向与纤维方向分别成0°，90°及45°角度，进行了正交异性动态光弹性实验及动态应变测量，并同时对该模型进行了时城边界元计算．将时域边界元方法计算出的应力分量代入正交异性动态光弹性的动态应力-光性定律，得到双折射条纹级数随时间的变化曲线，将其与动态光弹性实验的结果进行比较；此外，由动态电测获得的应变响应曲线推算出应力时程；与时城边界元计算出的应为响应曲线也进行了比较．两种情况下，时域边界元的计算成果均与实验成果吻合较好，从而证明该各向异性介质波动问题的时域边界元计算模型具有较好的精度及稳定性，可用于各向异性介质的动态问题特别是波传播问题的分析研究．     

双轴应力状态下正交异性动态光弹性应力——光性定律研究

基于静态下Ｈｙｅｒ和Ｌｉｕ表述的正交异性应力－光性定律，在前文中，提出了正交异性光弹性复合材料的动态应力－光性定律并证明了其在单轴应力状态下的正确性。本文旨在进一步考察在双轴应力状态下正交异性动态应力－光性定律的适用性，采用的方法是对纤维增强光弹性复合材料制作的平板模型施加冲击荷载，加载方向与材料纤维方向分别成０°、９０°及４５°角，同时进行正交异性动态光弹性实验和动态应变测量，另外，对该模型进行相应的各向异性介质时域边界元计算。把动态应变测量推算出的应力分量以及时域边界元计算出的应力分量分别代入正交异性动态应力－光性定律，得到随时间变化的双折射条纹级数历程，将其与正交异性动态光弹性实验的结果进行比较。实验及计算结果表明，在三个加载方向下，由这三种方法得到的双折射条纹级数历程均吻合良好，从而证明了前文提出的正交异性动态应力－光性定律在双轴应力状态下的正确性。     

正交异性光弹性应力分离的边界元法

本文对平面正交各向异性复合材料模型引入正应力线性和及边界上正应力线性和流的概念,提出从应力相容方程出发.用边界元法计算正交异性光弹性模型内任一点的正应力线性和位的方法,再与正交异性光弹性法中所给出的应力同的关系结合,即可进行正交异性光弹性应力的分离.最后,对边界元方法的精度进行了讨论.     

正交异性动态光弹性方法的几个基本问题的研究

文章对适用于动态研究的正交异性光弹性复合材料进行了分析，详细说明了光弹性复合材料中残余双折射的确定方法；基于静态下Ｈｙｅｒ和Ｌｉｕ应力－光性定律，提出了正交异性动态应力－光性定律，并对正交异性材料的动态力学参数及动态光弹性常数给出了实用的标定方法；最后，利用三个单轴压缩试件（０°，９０°及４５°），采用动态应变测量方法，证实了单轴应力状态下正交异性动态应力－光性定律的正确性。     

复合材料光弹性分析的近似方法

本文提出了一种用于光弹性复合材料的简化应变——光学定律。按照这一简化定律。模型材料的主应变差和主应变方向只要利用光弹性实验测出的等差线与等倾线即可求得。些是一种正交异性光弹性分析的近似方法,这一方法所得结果与实验数据比较,最大误差在10％左右。由于采用简化应变——光学定律使得正交异性光弹性分析工作大为简便,因此它是一种适合于工程应用的近似方法。     

数值分析和光弹性实验的几种混合解法

本文采用数值分析和光弹性的几种混合法解决结构的应力分析问题。如再应用图象处理和计算机技术,必将促使光弹性实验向着自动方向发展。在上述的几种混合法中,根据结构的不同类型,可以选用光弹性与最小二乘配点的混合法,光弹性与富里哀级数展开的边界值的混合法,光弹性与边界元的混合法或光弹性与边界元、差分联合的混合法。文中还谈及主应力方向的求法,文末有具体算例。本文作者已编制出通用程序,在微机上对平面应力问题一些简例作了具体计算,其结果与解析解比较令人满意。     

平面应变各向异性本构关系及在应力波传播模拟中的应用

为了研究平面应变条件下各向异性材料中应力波传播的特点,利用各向异性弹性Hooke定律、 Tsai-Hill屈服准则、经典塑性流动理论,引入修正的物态方程计及高压下的体积压缩非线性,建立了平面应 变条件下正交各向异性复合材料的弹塑性本构关系,并且分析了二维问题中材料变形引起的主轴旋转及客 观应力率修正问题。最后采用动态显式有限元方法自行编写程序模拟某种纤维增强复合材料碰撞过程中平 面应力波的传播,模拟结果显示,在平面应变条件下应力波在该材料的传播过程中表现出明显的二维效应、各 向异性特点及弹塑性特点。     

动态光弹性方法的主应力分离的研究

本文提出了动态光弹性、动态焦散线实验方法同边界元法结合的混合法，并用这种方法解决了动态光弹性主应力分离的问题，首先对现有的多火花高速摄影系统进行了改造，在动态实验过程中，成功地得到了不同瞬时的清晰的动态光弹性的等差线条纹和动态焦散线系列图像，这样，便可提取不同瞬时的边界应力值、全场主应力差值及边界上的外载。继而提出用Ｌａｐｌａｃｅ变换域上的边界元法来求解在冲击载荷作用下二维弹性模型全场的主应力和。最后，以受冲击载荷作用的圆盘为例，进行实验及边界元法计算，得到了分离的主应力场。     

含共线双半无限裂纹的正交异性复合材料板平面弹性问题的解析解

运用广义复变函数方法,通过构造适当的广义保角映射研究了含有共线双半无限裂纹的正交异性复合材料板的平面弹性问题,得出了部分裂纹面上受均匀面内载荷时应力场与两裂纹尖端处应力强度因子的解析解。结果表明:应力场的大小不仅与材料的几何构型及外载荷有关,还与材料的弹性常数有关,这是正交异性复合材料不同于各向同性材料的显著特征;两裂纹尖端处应力强度因子的大小只与材料的几何构型及外载荷有关;当两裂纹尖端的距离趋于无穷大时,所得到的解析解可退化为已有的正交异性复合材料板中半无限裂纹问题的解,通过将其与已有文献中的结果进行对比,验证了本文解析解的正确性。并通过数值算例分析了裂纹面上的受载长度、两裂纹尖端的距离对应力强度因子的影响规律以及两裂纹之间的相互作用。     

单纤维压出实验模型的力学分析

单纤维压出实验是一种细观实验方法,用于测量复合材料的界面强度。本文采用子域法处理多域问题,利用轴对称边界元程序,对单纤维压出实验模型的应力传递进行了分析,并与常用的剪切滞后理论的分析结果进行了比较,发现在大部分纤维埋置区域,两种分析吻合很好,在纤维与基体的界面端部,边界元的分析结果显示界面应力在该区域有奇异现象,而剪滞理论则无法反映应力奇异现象。应力奇异现象的存在使得我们对该实验的界面强度判据需要     

An analysis of the modeling of stress and strain fields in a real microstructure using a hybrid method

The distribution of stress and strain fields in a micro-structural area of a particle reinforced composite is studied by a combination of experimental and numerical method (hybrid method). With the experimental values of displacements in a micro-region as the boundary loading condition, strain and stress fields inside the micro-region are calculated by the finite element method under two different kinds of modeling, namely, as plane stress and plane strain condition. The differences between the two kinds of modeling conditions as applied to micro-structural areas are discussed. Project Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (19972046) and National Overseas Study Foundation.     

An embedding method for modeling micromechanical behavior and macroscopic properties of composite materials

This paper presents a numerical method for modeling the micromechanical behavior and macroscopic properties of fiber-reinforced composites and perforated materials. The material is modeled by a finite rectangular domain containing multiple circular holes and elastic inclusions. The rectangular domain is assumed to be embedded within a larger circular domain with fictitious boundary loading represented by truncated Fourier series. The analytical solution for the complementary problem of a circular domain containing holes and inclusions is obtained by using a combination of the series expansion technique with a direct boundary integral method. The boundary conditions on the physical external boundary are satisfied by adopting an overspecification technique based on a least squares approximation. All of the integrals arising in the method can be evaluated analytically. As a result, the elastic fields and effective properties can be expressed explicitly in terms of the coefficients in the series expansions. Several numerical experiments are conducted to verify the accuracy and efficiency of the numerical method and to demonstrate its application in determination of the macroscopic properties of composite materials.     

纤维增强复合材料弹性性能预测的域分解方法及应用

提出了新的有限元建模方法,即域分解方法,用于预测纤维增强复合材料单向带T300/BSL914C(环氧树脂)和AS4/3501-6(环氧树脂)的弹性性能。域分解方法基于区域叠合技术,分别建立单胞的整体域与纤维域模型用于代替传统有限元建模方法中单胞的基体域与纤维域模型。整体域是真实基体体积与纤维体积的叠加,两区域网格独立划分,互不影响。采用MSC.Nastran中的多节点约束Explicit单元,在整体域与纤维域节点之间建立位移连接属性模拟单胞基体域与纤维域之间的位移约束关系,从而实现两区域的耦合计算。计算结果表明:域分解方法单胞模型纤维增强方向弹性模量Ez预测值与试验值误差在7%以内,其余弹性常数也都与试验值吻合较好。域分解方法不仅可以大大简化纤维增强复合材料的细观力学建模,而且可以准确地预测纤维增强复合材料的弹性性能。     

SCATTERING OF CIRCULAR CAVITY IN RIGHT-ANGLE PLANAR SPACE TO STEADY SH-WAVE

Complex function method and multi-polar coordinate transformation technology are used here to study scattering of circular cavity in right-angle planar space to SH-wave with out-of-plane loading on the horizontal straight boundary. At first, Green function of right-angle planar space which has no circular cavity is constructed; then the scattering solution which satisfies the free stress conditions of the two right-angle boundaries with the circular cavity existing in the space is formulated. Therefore, the total displacement field can be constructed using overlapping principle. An infinite algebraic equations of unknown coefficients existing in the scattering solution field can be gained using multi-polar coordinate and the free stress condition at the boundary of the circular cavity. It can be solved by using limit items in the infinite series which can give a high computation precision. An example is given to illustrate the variations of the tangential stress at the boundary of the circular cavity due to different dimensionless wave numbers, the location of the circular cavity, the loading center and the distributing range of the out-of-plane loading. The results show the efficiency and effectiveness of the method introduced here.     

Applications of the method of complex functions to dynamic stress concentrations

The complex function method used in the solution of static stress concentration around an irregularly shaped cavity in an infinite elastic plane is generalized to the case of dynamic loading. This paper presents the solutions of two dimensional elastic wave equations in terms of complex wave functions, and general expressions for boundary conditions for steady state incident waves. Dynamic stresses around a cavity of arbitrary shape are then expressed in series of complex ‘domain functions’, the coefficient of the series can be determined by truncating a set of infinite algebraic equations. Results of dynamic stress concentration factors for circular and elliptical cavities are given in this paper.     

含有多个涂层压电纤维复合材料的平面问题研究

压电纤维在未来的复合材料结构健康监测中具有重要作用．本文基于横观各向同性压电材料位移和应力连续条件以及经典的复势函数理论,讨论了同时受到平面内机械载荷和出平面电载荷作用时含有多个带涂层压电纤维的无限大线弹性基体的平面力学问题．首先将线弹性基体、涂层和压电纤维的应力场、位移场表示成复势函数,然后通过横观各向同性压电材料和线弹性材料的位移和应力连续条件确定复势函数表达式．将得到的复势函数表达式代入线弹性基体、涂层和压电纤维的的应力场、位移场公式可确定其应力场和位移场．最后,通过定量的案例讨论了涂层的材料属性对线弹性基体应力场的影响．案例分析表明涂层的材料属性对压电复合材料的应力场有重要的影响．     

Scattering of elastic waves in an elastic matrix containing an inclusion with interfaces

Based on the theory of elastic dynamics, the scattering of elastic waves and dynamic stress concentration in fiber-reinforced composite with interfaces are studied. Analytical expressions of elastic waves in different medium areas are presented and an analytic method of solving this problem is established. The mode coefficients are determined by means of the continuous conditions of displacement and stress on the boundary of the interfaces. The influence of material properties and structural size on the dynamic stress concentration factors near the interfaces is analyzed. It indicates that they have a great influence on the dynamic properties of fiber-reinforced composite. As examples, numerical results of dynamic stress concentration factors near the interfaces are presented and discussed. This paper provides reliable theoretical evidence for the study of dynamic properties in fiber-reinforced composite. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 19972018).     

Elastic equilibrium of a half plane containing a finite array of elliptic inclusions

An accurate analytical method has been proposed to solve for stress in a half plane containing a finite array of elliptic inclusions, the last being a model of near-surface zone of the fibrous composite part. The method combines the Muskhelishvili’s method of complex potentials with the Fourier integral transform technique. By accurate satisfaction of all the boundary conditions, a primary boundary-value elastostatics problem for a piece-homogeneous domain has been reduced to an ordinary well-posed set of linear algebraic equations. A properly chosen form of potentials provides a remarkably simple form of equations and thus an efficient computational algorithm. The theory developed is rather general and can be applied to solve a variety of elastostatics problems. Up to several hundred interacting inclusions can be considered in this way in practical simulations which makes the model of composite half plane realistic and flexible enough to account for the microstructure statistics. The stress concentration factors and effective thermoelastic properties of random structure composites with dilute concentration of fibers are estimated in the vicinity of a free edge. The numerical examples are given showing accuracy and numerical efficiency of the developed method and disclosing the way and extent to which the nearby free or loaded boundary influences the local and mean stress concentration in the fibrous composite.     

Creep-rupture lifetime simulation of unidirectional metal matrix composites with and without time-dependent fiber breakage

A numerical simulation for predicting the axial creep-rupture lifetime of continuous fiber-reinforced metal matrix composites is proposed, based on the finite element method. The simulation model is composed of line elements representing the fibers and four-node isoparametric plane elements representing the matrix. While the fibers behave as an elastic body at all times, the matrix behaves as an elasto-plastic body at the loading process and an elasto-plastic creep body at the creep process. It is further assumed in the simulation that the fibers are fractured not only in stress criterion but time-dependently with random nature. Simulation results were compared with the creep-rupture lifetime data of a boron-aluminum composite with 10% fiber volume fraction experimentally obtained. The simulated creep-rupture lifetimes agreed well with the averages of the experimental data. The proposed simulation is further carried out to predict a possibility of creep-rupture for the composite without time-dependent fiber breakage. It is finally concluded that the creep-rupture of a boron-aluminum composite is closely related with the shear stress relaxation occurring in the matrix as well as time-dependent fiber breakage.     

冲击下宏观相边界的传播

研究了具有CdS型相变本构材料的宏观相边界传播规律。相边界包括纯新相和混合相两段。纯新相段可用逐步近似法,混合相段则必须用数值方法求解。给出了三种加卸载应力边界条件下的算例。在突加突卸的应力边界条件下,给出了相边界传播的解析解。在算例中,各种解法得到的结果彼此很好符合。