稀土配位催化环硫氯丙烷与环氧丙烷开环共聚合研究

报道了稀土配位催化剂对环硫氯丙烷（ＣＭＴ）与环氧丙烷（ＰＯ）的共聚合，许多稀土化合物与三异丁基铝组成的催化体系都能使两者共聚；尤为突出的是Ｙ（Ｐ２０４）３－Ａｌ（ｉ－Ｂｕ）３－Ｈ２Ｏ催化体系对此共聚反应具有优良的优良的催化活性，最大催化效率达６０００ｇ／ｍｏｌＹ，分子量较（η达１．０ｄｌ／ｇ）产率在５０％以上，应用ＩＲ、ＮＭＲ、ＧＰＣ等手段对共聚物进行一表征，测理ＣＭＴ（１）与ＰＯ（２）的共聚率分     

聚苯胺溶液的凝胶化行为

通过流变学手段对聚苯胺溶液的凝胶化行为研究表明，在室温下，聚苯胺（ＰＡｎ）／Ｎ－甲基－２－吡咯烷酮（ＮＭＰ）溶液有一转折浓度Ｃｇ（０．０５ｇ／ｍＬ），浓度高于此值时，浴液凝胶化速度急剧增大，凝胶速度还与溶剂，ＰＡｎ分子量及溶液的温度有很大关系。溶液中不溶的ＰＡｎ的存在会加速凝胶化过程。ＰＡｎ／ＮＭＰ凝胶的假塑性和触变性明显地反映出ＰＡＶＮＭＰ溶液的凝胶化是溶剂参与的ＰＡｎ分子链间的物理交联过程。     

铜（铅）－Ferron－氯化四苯胂络合物吸附波研究

在ＨＣｌ￣（－）六次甲基四胺介质（ｐＨ４．６２）中，铜（铅）－Ｆｅｒｒｏｎ氯化四苯胂络合物产生灵敏的络合吸附波。峰电位分别为－１．４１Ｖ和－０．５７Ｖ（Ｕｓ．ＳＣＥ）。峰电流与铜、铅浓度分别在０．０００４～０．４μｇ／ｍＬ和０．００２～０．８μｇ／ｍＬ之间呈线性关系，检出限分别为０．０００２μｇ／ｍＬＣｕ和０．００１μｇ／ｍＬＰｂ。研究了极谱波的性质和电极反应机理。用拟定的方法连续测定水样和食品中的铜、铅，结果满意。     

聚苯胺薄膜电极上循环伏安法可逆波理论和验证

提出了聚苯胺薄膜电极上循环伏安法可逆波方程式，对伏安曲线的性质进行了详细的讨论。聚苯胺薄膜电极是利用浓度为１．０９ｍｏｌ／Ｌ苯胺溶液（内含２．０ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＨＣｌ）在铂电极上用恒电流（０．０１－０．１ｍＡ／ｃｍ＾２）使苯胺发生氧化反应进而经聚合获得。结果表明，该法得到的聚苯胺膜具有良好的均匀度和单一性。在１０ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＨＣｌ底液中获得的循环伏安曲线与理论结果相符合。     

高效液相色谱法测定眼组织中丝裂霉素

本文对高效液相色谱法（ＨＰＬＣ）测定眼组织中丝裂霉素（Ｍｉｔｏｍｙｃｉｎ Ｃ，ＭＭＣ）的条件进行了优选。研究了ＰＨ值及温度对ＭＭＣ稳定性的影响。以乙腈作为从结膜和巩膜中提取ＭＭＣ的溶剂，乙酸乙酯作为从房水中提取ＭＭＣ的溶剂，在较大浓度范围内０．１－４００μｇ／ｇ），其回收率为４９％－９２％。     

聚苯胺的化学合成及其电化学表征

本文用化学聚合法合成了在Ｎ－甲基吡咯烷酮（ＮＭＰ）中可溶的聚苯胺（ＰＡＮＩ）。通过溶液法定量（浓度与体积）制膜，对ＰＡＮＩ膜修饰电极的循环伏安（ＣＶ）性质进行了研究，证实了ＰＡＮＩ膜在１０．０ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＨＣｌ的介质中，－０．１５￣０．６５Ｖ（ｖｓ．ＳＣＥ）的电位范围内氧化还原单元为八隅体单元。比较了恒电流聚合与化学聚合所得的聚苯胺的ＣＶ性质，发现两者有很好的一致性。     

偶氮氯膦Ⅲ—希土极谱络合吸附波的研究

在０．０６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＮａＡｃ－ＨＡｃ ｐＨ４．５的缓冲底液中，偶氮氯膦Ⅲ（ＣＰＡⅢ）在－０．２５Ｖ（ｖｓ．Ａｇ／ＡｇＣｌ）有一良好的微分脉冲极谱还原波，加入希土（ＲＥ）后期峰高电流（ｉｐ）降低，轻希土浓度在１×１０＾－６～６×１０＾－６ｍｏｏ／Ｌ，钇和重希土浓度在２×１０＾－７～３×１０＾－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ范围中，ｉｐ的降低与浓度呈线性关系，表明ＣＰＡⅢ亦是可用的希土极谱分析试剂。实验证明它们是不可     

倒数示波计时电位法同时测定粮食中Cu、Pb含量

在分别含有２ｇ／Ｌ乙二胺与＊１０＾－４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ８－羟基喹啉（Ｏｘｉｎｅ）和０．３ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的氢氧化钠淀粉液中,Ｃｕ＾２＋、Ｐｂ＾２＋具有良好的示波图。其切口电位分别为－０．８５Ｖ,－１２０Ｖ（ｖｓ．ＳＣＥ）,二者相差０．３５Ｖ,能够分辨,可同时测定,本方法应用于大米中Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ含量的同时测定,检出限分别为５．８μｇ／Ｌ（Ｃｕ）、１０．０μｇ／Ｌ（Ｐｂ）,平均回收率为９６．０％、１０２．０％。     

活性氧化铝富集火焰原子吸收法测定铬（Ⅲ）和铬（Ⅵ）

研究了内装活性氧化铝的微型柱流动注射富集分离火焰原子吸收光谱法（Ｆｌ－ＦＡＡＳ）测定水体中μｇ／Ｌ级的Ｃｒ（Ⅲ）、Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）。用０．２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ氨水将活性氧化铝转为碱式以吸附Ｃｒ（Ⅲ），１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ硝酸洗脱；用０．０１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的硝酸将活性氧化铝转为酸式以吸附Ｃｒ（Ⅵ），０．２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的氨水洗脱，洗脱液直接送到喷雾器中。进样３０ｓ，浓度富集２５倍。两种价态离子的校正曲线浓度范围在１～５０μｇ／Ｌ之间，检测限分别为０．６和０．７μｇ／Ｌ，样品分析速率为６０样／ｈ。研究了共存离子的干扰情况，实际水样中的加标回收率在８５％～１０５％之间。     

苯胺在碱性溶液中的电化学聚合和聚合物的性质

苯胺在碱性溶液中电化学氧化时，阳极上形成深黄色的聚苯胺，其氧化峰电位为０．７Ｖ（ｖｓ．Ａｇ／ＡｇＣｌ含饱和ＫＣｌ溶液），比在酸性溶液中氧化约低０．３Ｖ，环一盘电极实验结果表明，在碱性溶液中，苯胺氧化时生成两种可溶性的中间物，形成的聚合物颜色不随电位和ｐＨ值而变化，在空气和碱性溶液中具有很高的稳定性，在紫外－可见光谱图上，聚合物的吸收峰出现在５００ｍ左右。     

Synthesis of polymers with pendant hydroxyl groups by polyaddition of bis(oxetane)s with dithiols

Addition reaction of (3-methyl-3-oxetanyl)methyl acetate (MOMA) with bis(4-mercaptophenyl) sulfide (BMPS) was examined in certain organic solvents. When the reaction of MOMA with BMPS was performed without any catalyst in hexamethylphosphoric triamide (HMPA) and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) at 130°C for 24 h, conversions of the corresponding adduct were 96 and 36%, respectively, which was confirmed by ¹H-NMR spectra. On the other hand, when the reaction was carried out using tetraphenylphosphonium bromide (TPPB) as a catalyst under the same conditions, conversions of the adduct were 96 and 81% in HMPA and NMP, respectively. This result shows that although the addition reaction of oxetane compound with aromatic dithiol proceeds without any catalyst in HMPA, the reaction was strongly enhanced by adding TPPB in NMP. On the basis of the above results, polyadditions of bis((3-methyl-3-oxetanyl)methyl) terephthalate (BMOT) and bis((3-ethyl-3-oxetanyl)methyl) terephthalate with BMPS were performed using TPPB as the catalyst in NMP at 130°C for 24 h. As a result, the corresponding high molecular weight polymers 1 (M_n = 22,400) and 2 (M_n = 12,800) with pendant primary hydroxyl groups were obtained in 83 and 89% yields without any gel products, respectively. Furthermore, a low molecular weight oligomer was obtained from the polyaddition of BMOT with aliphatic dithiol, bis(mercaptomethyl)benzene, under the same reaction conditions. The catalytic activity on the polyaddition of BMOT with BMPS was also examined, and it was found that thermally stable TPPB and crown ether complexes at the reaction temperature (130°C) have higher catalytic activity than tetrabutylammonium bromide and tetrabutylphosphonium bromide to produce polymer 1 with high molecular weight. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 36: 2873–2880, 1998     

Curing studies of a polyimide precursor. II. Polyamic acid

The cure of pyromellitic dianhydride–oxydianiline polyamic acid is compared with that of a model compound, diphenylcarbamido–dicarboxy–benzene, both having been synthesized in 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP). Laser interferometry and thermogravimetric analysis showed that, analog to the diamic acid model compound, the polyamic acid forms complexes with NMP (repeat unit/NMP: 1/4 and 1/2). Thermal stability of these complexes was found to be similar to the ones of the diamic acid model compound as revealed by comparison of decomplexation temperature–heating rate curves. Activation energies of the decomplexation processes for the diamic acid are given. Anhydride formation, a reaction found in the cure of the model compound to compete with imidization, takes place also during the polyamic acid cure at fairly low temperatures. The molecular weight drop due to chain scission resulting from anhydride formation was followed by viscometry.     

Synthesis of polymers in aqueous solutions: Synthesis of polysulfide by reaction of bis(4‐mercaptophenyl) sulfide with bis(4‐chloro‐3‐nitrophenyl) sulfone using various bases in aqueous solutions

The polycondensation of bis(4‐mercaptophenyl) sulfide (BMPS) with bis(4‐chloro‐3‐nitrophenyl) sulfone (BCNPS) was examined using various organic or inorganic bases in mixed solvents of N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP) with water or in plain water. The reaction of BMPS with BCNPS proceeded smoothly to give the corresponding polysulfide in mixed solvents of NMP with water at 60 °C using 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undecene‐7 as a base, although the rate of the reaction decreased gradually as the water in the solvent increased. Polysulfide can also be obtained by reaction in plain water using appropriate organic bases such as tripropylamine (TPA) or quinoline. The polysulfide with a number‐average molecular weight of 45,100 was synthesized in 62% yield when the reaction of BMPS with BCNPS was performed using TPA as a base at 60 °C for 48 h in plain water. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 38: 3399–3404, 2000     

Molecular weight characterization of soluble high performance polyimides. 2. Validity of universal SEC calibration and absolute molecular weight calculation

Six different soluble high-performance aromatic polyimides, each prepared by solution imidization to three controlled average molecular weights, were analyzed by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) using on-line parallel coupled refractometric and viscometric detectors. N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) with 0.06 M LiBr and NMP stirred over P₂O₅ were used as mobile phase for four of the polyimides; NMP with 0.06 M LiBr and NMP stirred over P₂O₅ were used as mobile phases for four of the polyimides; NMP with 0.06 M LiBr tetrahydrofuran (THF) and chloroform served as mobile phases for the other two polyimides. For all the samples the stationary phase in the SEC columns was cross-linked polystyrene beads. Molecular weight averages of the polyimides were calculated using universal SEC calibration with polystyrene standards in each solvent. The agreement of the calculated molecular weight averages in the different solvents confirms that the universal SEC calibrations are valid for these semiflexible polymers. There was good agreement with weightaverage molecular weights obtained by low-angle laser light scattering (LALLS) performed in pure NMP. Intrinsic viscosity and molecular weight data for a series of nine samples of one polyimide covering a M_w = 20,000–70,000 g mol^–1 interval were treated to obtain Mark-Houwink-Sakurada constants. Unperturbed chain dimensions of this polyimide were obtained by application of the Stockmayer-Fixman extrapolation procedure to these data. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Chain transfer to solvent in the radical polymerization of N‐isopropylacrylamide

Chain transfer to solvent has been investigated in the conventional radical polymerization and nitroxide‐mediated radical polymerization (NMP) of N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) in N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) at 120 °C. The extent of chain transfer to DMF can significantly impact the maximum attainable molecular weight in both systems. Based on a theoretical treatment, it has been shown that the same value of chain transfer to solvent constant, C_tr,S, in DMF at 120 °C (within experimental error) can account for experimental molecular weight data for both conventional radical polymerization and NMP under conditions where chain transfer to solvent is a significant end‐forming event. In NMP (and other controlled/living radical polymerization systems), chain transfer to solvent is manifested as the number‐average molecular weight (M_n) going through a maximum value with increasing monomer conversion. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011     

High-molecular-weight poly(amino acid)s by the direct polycondensation reaction promoted by triphenyl phosphite and LiCl in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone

Poly(α-amino acid)s of high molecular weight were obtained by the direct polycondensation reaction of α-amino acids in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a matrix of triphenyl phosphite and LiCl in N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP). Molecular weights of the polymer produced were improved by use of an increasing amount of matrix of higher molecular weight. Most favorable results were obtained by the reaction at 80°C for 16 hr at a monomer concentration of 0.33 mole/liter in a NMP solution that contained about 3 wt % LiCl in the presence of an equivalent unit mole of PVP with the molecular weight of 3.6 x 10⁵. The polymer from β-alanine with high molecular weight, which is difficult to obtain by the NCA method, was easily prepared by this process.     

High-molecular-weight polyterephthalamide by direct polycondensation reaction in the presence of poly(ethylene oxide)

Polyterephthalamides of high molecular weight (η_inh up to 1.9) were obtained by the direct polycondensation reaction of terephthalic acid and aromatic diamines in the presence of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) with triphenyl phosphite in a N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP)–pyridine solution that contained lithium chloride. The molecular weights of the polymers produced varied with the amount and molecular weight of PEO, which showed maximum values when PEO with a molecular weight of 2.0 × 10⁴?5.0 × 10⁵ was used in a concentration of about 0.5 wt % in the solvent. The polycondensation reaction was significantly affected by the level of pyridine in a mixed solvent of NMP and pyridine and by the concentration of the lithium chloride added.     

Synthesis,doping, and processing of high molecular weight poly(o-methoxyaniline)

High molecular weight poly(o-methoxyaniline) was synthesized using a novel method in which the polymerization occurs in the presence of a neutral salt. The molecular weight of the polymer was greatly affected by the quenching procedure employed to conclude the polymerization. Conventional doping of the base form of poly(o-methoxyaniline) produced a yellow coloration of the doping solution and polymer degradation. It was found that the molecular weight of the polymer decreased significantly after washing or doping with certain aqueous acid media. The gelation conditions of N-methyl pyrrolidinone (NMP) solutions and film preparation were also investigated for polymers of various molecular weights. The gelation time in NMP decreased drastically with the increase in the polymer molecular weight (the same for solution concentration and temperature), until a critical point was reached after which its decrease was very slow. Flexible, free-standing, and stretchable films were readily obtained from the higher molecular weight polymers. Good quality doped gel films with conductivity of up to 1 S/cm were obtained under optimized doping conditions. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

一种可溶性聚酰亚胺的合成与性能研究

选用三苯二醚四酸二酐 (HQDPA)和二甲基二苯甲烷二胺 (DMMDA)为单体 ,在NMP中通过低温溶液缩聚 化学亚胺化法合成了高分子量可溶性聚醚酰亚胺PI(HQDPA DMMDA) .通过FT IR、WAXD、TG DTG以及DSC等手段对聚酰亚胺的结构和性能进行了表征 .结果表明 ,合成的PI为无规高分子结构 ,平均分子链间距为 0 5 16 3nm ;易溶于N 甲基吡咯烷酮、N ,N 二甲基乙酰胺和四氢呋喃等极性溶剂中 ;其 10 %的分解温度为5 2 8℃ ,玻璃化转变温度Tg 为 2 5 1℃ ;断裂伸长率为 2 4 % ,断裂强度为 10 7MPa ;2 5℃时 ,PI均质膜的透H2 系数为 3 80 9Barrer ,H2 N2 、H2 CH4 的理想分离系数为 16 6 9、2 14 0 ;其透N2 、O2 、CO2 和CH4 系数均在 0 0 18～0 5 76Barrer之间     

PI/TiO_2纳米复合材料的耐溶剂和耐热性能研究

以可溶性聚酰亚胺PI(HQDPA DMMDA)和钛酸丁酯为原料 ,在共溶剂NMP中 ,通过溶胶 凝胶法制备出不同TiO2 含量的PI TiO2 复合膜 .采用TEM、TG DTG、DSC和溶剂抽提实验等手段表征了PI TiO2 复合膜的微结构和复合材料的耐溶剂性和耐热性等性能 .结果表明 ,TiO2 含量为 2 2 3wt%时 ,复合膜中TiO2 颗粒的平均尺寸为 1 0nm左右 .与纯PI膜相比 ,随着TiO2 含量的增加 ,PI TiO2 复合膜的耐溶剂性能显著增强 ,热稳定性明显提高 .复合材料的力学性能有所下降 .复合膜耐溶剂性和耐热性能的提高表明PI分子链与TiO2 无机网络间存在化学键联