Sliced orthogonal nonlinear generalized decomposition based fringe-adjusted joint transform correlation

A sliced orthogonal nonlinear generalized (SONG) decomposition based version of modified fringe-adjusted joint transform correlator (MFJTC), SBFJTC, is proposed. In SBFJTC scheme, the reference and input scenes are decomposed into a set of binary slices through SONG decomposition. MFJTC filtering of each pair of binary slices, corresponding to the same gray level of reference and input scene, is performed and then the outputs are added. Numerical simulations show that the proposed scheme delivers a better correlation performance and robustness to the white additive Gaussian noise, substitutive noise and nonoverlapping noise than that of both of the FJTC and the MFJTC.     

高速OCDM系统中的全光阈值技术分析

分析了高速OCDM系统中基于非线性光学环境(NOLM)和非线性放大(NALM)环境的全光阈值技术。考虑了NOLM环境输入脉冲峰值功率对其阈值判决功能的影响,数值模拟了由高非线性光纤构成的NOLM和NALM环境的脉冲整形和旁瓣抑制功能,并和实验结果进行了比较。结果表明基于NOLM和NALM环境的全光阈值技术都能有效地抑制40 Gbit/s的OCDM系统中的干扰噪声,最优的NOLM环境的脉冲峰值输入功率为2 W,而NALM环境只需要mW量级的脉冲峰值输入功率即能够更好地抑制干扰噪声。     

Design of Header Recognition Filter for Binary Phase Shift Keying in Header Recognition Unit using Time-Space Conversion

Optical header recognition is one key function that enables ultrafast optical routing in photonic packet-switched networks. Especially, optical header recognition based on optical correlation processing has attracted much attention. Header signals using optical codes are decoded using optical correlation processing. We improve the decoding method for Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) header signals in order to suppress crosstalk caused by matched filtering in the header recognition unit. We design a header recognition filter using the technique of a multiple-object discriminant filter (MODF). Results of preliminary experiments show that the designed header recognition filter can suppress crosstalk. The intensity ratio of correlation signals of a target header signal to non-target ones is higher than 1.95 : 1 in case of 4-bits BPSK header signals.     

Image feature extraction by dynamic neural filtering and phase-only joint transform correlation

Neural network-based image processing algorithms present numerous advantages due to their supervised adjustable properties. Among various neural network architectures, dynamic neural networks, Hopfield and Cellular networks, have been found inherently suitable for filtering applications. Combining supervised and filtering features of dynamic neural networks, this paper presents dynamic neural filtering technique based on Hopfield neural network architecture. The filtering technique has also been implemented by using phase-only joint transform correlation (POJTC) for optical image processing applications. Filtering structure is basically similar to the Hopfield neural network structure except for the adjustable filter mask and 2D convolution operation instead of weight matrix operations. The dynamic neural filtering architecture has learnable properties by back-propagation learning algorithm. POJTC presents significant advantages to achieve the operation of summing the cross-correlation of bipolar data by phase-encoding bipolar data in parallel. The image feature extraction performance of the proposed optical system is reported for various image processing applications using a simulation program.     

Optical Correlator and Photorefractive Two－wave Mixing Based Neural Recongnition

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Microscope system with on axis programmable Fourier transform filtering

We propose an on-axis microscope optical system to implement programmable optical Fourier transform image processing operations, taking advantage of phase and polarization modulation of a liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS) display. We use a Hamamatsu spatial light modulator (SLM), free of flickering, which therefore can be tuned to fully eliminate the zero order component of the encoded diffractive filter. This allows the realization of filtering operation on axis (as opposed to other systems in the literature that require operating off axis), therefore making use of the full space bandwidth provided by the SLM. The system is first demonstrated by implementing different optical processing operations based on phase-only blazed gratings such as phase contrast, band-pass filtering, or additive and substractive imaging. Then, a simple Differential interference contrast (DIC) imaging is obtained changing to a polarization modulation scheme, achieved simply by selecting a different incident state of polarization on the incident beam.     

Weighted nonlinear correlation for controlled discrimination capability

We recently demonstrated the high discrimination capability as well as the high sensitivity to small intensity variations of the sliced orthogonal nonlinear generalized (SONG) correlation. This nonlinear correlation has a correlation matrix representation. Previous papers considered only the principal diagonal elements of the correlation matrix. We propose using the off-diagonal non-zero elements of the SONG correlation matrix in order to achieve variable discrimination performance and controlled detection adapted to the gray-scale variations. Moreover, we introduce negative coefficients in order to improve the discrimination properties of the SONG correlation. To control the degree of recognition we define a correlation that is related with the degree of degradation. The proposed changes to the SONG correlation may be implemented by means of optics.     

All optical phase-only filtering correlation with binarized inputs by a ferroelectric liquid-crystal spatial light modulator

All optical phase-only filtering correlator is constructed with an optically addressed ferroelectric liquid-crystal spatial light modulator (FSLM) for a binarized input object and a twisted-nematic liquid-crystal spatial-light modulator for a computer-generated phase-only filter. In order to improve the discrimination capability of a phase-only filtering correlator, a binarized amplitude with maximum contrast in a FSLM is used for an object input. The contrast of binarized intensities can be maximized by adjusting the rotation angles of a FSLM and polarizers. The threshold level of binarized input objects can be controlled by changing the power of a laser incident on a FLSM. Experimental results with a high discrimination capability are presented to support the numerical correlation performance.     

小波尺度相关滤波及其改进算法在电火花声源信号处理中的应用

分析提取宽带电火花声源信号,受到船舶辐射噪声的严重干扰,在5 kHz以下的能量集中区信噪比低,且二者Lipschitz指数特性相近,传统基于相邻尺度相关的滤波算法抗干扰能力有限。根据宽带电火花声源信号不同频带所受干扰的不同,信噪比较高的小尺度高频小波系数,采用相邻尺度相关的滤波算法;信噪比较低的大尺度中低频小波系数,采用跨尺度相关的滤波算法,并对算法中阈值系数的选取方法进行修正。结果表明,该算法滤波效果良好,有效的提取了电火花声源信号,适合窄带强干扰背景噪声下的宽带水声信号处理。      

Dielectric superlattices for nonlinear optical effects

Dielectric superlattices show a lot of new phenomena that are promising in applications, such as nonlinear optical frequency conversion and optical bistability. This paper reviews the main achievements in this field. Much has been focused on the work done in our Lab. Since 1980, we have extended the concept of superlattice from semiconductor to dielectrics. When quasi-phase-matching technique is introduced into a quasiperiodic dielectric superlattice, more interesting phenomena can occur. For example, multiwavelength second-harmonic generation and coupled parametric processes such as direct third-harmonic generation have been realized with high efficiency. A new mechanism for optical bistability in a 2-dimensional dielectric superlattice, i.e. a 2-dimensional nonlinear photonic crystal, has been proposed theoretically had proved experimentally.     

Optical frequency comb technology for ultra‐broadband radio‐frequency photonics

The outstanding phase‐noise performance of optical frequency combs has led to a revolution in optical synthesis and metrology, covering a myriad of applications, from molecular spectroscopy to laser ranging and optical communications. However, the ideal characteristics of an optical frequency comb are application dependent. In this review, the different techniques for the generation and processing of high‐repetition‐rate (>10 GHz) optical frequency combs with technologies compatible with optical communication equipment are covered. Particular emphasis is put on the benefits and prospects of this technology in the general field of radio‐frequency photonics, including applications in high‐performance microwave photonic filtering, ultra‐broadband coherent communications, and radio‐frequency arbitrary waveform generation.     

Subband mutiresolution by multi-object phase-only joint transform correlator

Subband multiresolution technique presents decomposition and reconstruction properties for 2D images using multichannel spatial filtering. Each subband image represents multiresolution of the input image. In this paper, optic subband multiresolution architecture is proposed based on multi-object phase-only joint transform correlator (JTC). Multichannel filtering is realized using multi-object input joint image that includes bipolar data. The bipolar data (containing positive, zero and negative values) is encoded by phase in the input and Fourier planes of the phase-only JTC. For image decomposition and reconstruction, two optoelectronic subband multiresolution architectures have been developed. Each architecture has been tested using a simulation program.     

Shift- and scale-invariant pattern recognition using morphological phase-only correlation

We propose a non-linear correlation to realize scale-invariant recognition, called shift- and scale-invariant morphological phase-only correlation (SSIMPC), which is a combination of radial harmonic filter (RHF) and morphological phase-only correlation (MPC). We form SSIMPC using phase-only RHFs (PORHF) instead of common RHFs in every sub-correlations of morphological radial harmonic correlation (MRHC). Computer simulation results demonstrate that the performance of SSIMPC is better than that of MRHC in discrimination and robustness against non-Gaussian noise, such as salt-and-pepper noise and cluttered background, and above of all, SSIMOC realizes approximately full scale-invariance. In addition, we devise an optoelectronic scheme, which is identical to the setup for MPC, to implement SSIMPC.     

基于扩散滤波的多尺度分解和重构方法及应用初探

从各向异性PM方程出发,推导多维扩散滤波微分方程的离散格式及其稳定性条件,首次构建基于扩散滤波的多尺度分解和重构方法,给出两种具体实施方案及其关键步骤.地震资料应用表明,所提方法分解和重构信号的过程合理可靠,其中方案①的2D傅里叶波数谱能量随尺度的增加而远离谱中心点,其残差信号表现为高波数信号,在随机噪声压制中取得了较好的效果;方案②的2D傅里叶波数谱能量随尺度的增加而靠近谱中心点,其残差信号表现为低波数信号,在低频逆时噪声压制中取得了较好的效果.所提方法计算过程简单易实现,对于信号处理提供了一种多尺度分解和重构方法,在地震信号处理领域具有较高的应用价值.     

Real-Time Reconfigurable Interconnections for Parallel Optical Processing

In this letter we describe the advantages of a dynamic optical interconnection system for parallel information processing applications. The system is based on a liquid crystal television which acts as a binary phase-only spatial light modulator. We describe example algorithms where reconfigurable interconnects would be useful and present results of several interconnection topologies which have been implemented.Presented at the International Commission for Optics Topical Meeting, Kyoto, 1994.     

Optimal Incoherent Filtering for Distortion-Invariant Image Recognition

An optimal incoherent filter is proposed for distortion-invariant correlation. The optical transfer function (OTF) of the correlator is specified as a realizable phase-only term which is optimized by the simulated annealing algorithm. The phase-only OTF is used in image recognition to produce a sharp peak response and can be generated by dual-filter synthesis. Image recognition is achieved by subtracting two spatially incoherent correlation outputs produced from a positive and negative filters with an input image. Computer simulations show that the proposed correlator can yield a sharp correlation peak with excellent distortion tolerance.Presented at 1996 International Topical Meeting on Optical Computing (OC ‘96), April 21–25, Sendai, Japan     

基于光参量放大的高速实时光取样技术

提出了一种基于光参量放大的高速实时光取样方案. 利用色散介质对光纤锁模激光器产生的窄脉冲源进行色散展宽,从而产生线性啁啾光信号. 将该信号和被取样信号同时送入高非线性光纤,利用高非线性光纤中的参量放大效应,将被取样信号的强度信息调制到线性啁啾光信号上. 在接收端利用不同中心波长的滤波器即可滤出不同时间点的取样信号,从而在光域同时完成了高速实时光取样和取样信号的串-并转换. 是实现高速实时取样技术的一种极具竞争力的实现方案. 实验中,实现了对10 Gb/s非归零码OOK信号的40 GS/s的高速实时取样系统,并转换为4路10 GS/s取样信号输出. 在接收端成功根据4路取样信号恢复出被取样信号波形,验证了该实时光取样方案的可行性. 关键词： 光信号处理 光取样 参量放大 高非线性光纤     

Third-order nonlinear optical properties of GeSe2-Ga2Se3-PbI2 glasses

The third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of new selenium-based GeSe₂-Ga₂Se₃-PbI₂ glasses have been measured using the optical Kerr effect (OKE) technique, with picosecond and femtosecond laser pulses. The 0.70GeSe₂-0.15Ga₂Se₃-0.15PbI₂ glass has the largest third-order optical nonlinear susceptibility in GeSe₂-Ga₂Se₃-PbI₂ glass system with χ⁽³⁾ of 5.28×10¹² esu. In addition, the response time of glasses is sub-picosecond, which is predominantly associated with electron cloud. Local structure of the glasses has been identified by using Raman studies, while the origins of the observed nonlinear optical response are discussed. The [Ge(Ga)Se₄] tetrahedral and lone-pair electrons from highly polarizable Pb atom in glasses play an important role in enhanced NLO response. These results as well as their good chemical stability indicate that GeSe₂-Ga₂Se₃-PbI₂ glasses are promising materials for photonic applications of third-order nonlinear optical signal processing.     

Feasibility estimate of correlation filters in the presence of noise

A measure describing an overall estimate of the feasibility of correlation filters has been previously reported. The feasibility estimate (FE) of correlation filters is now tested in the presence of an additive stationary non-zero-mean noise. A simple noise model is used to describe quantitatively the white noise case as well as the increase or decrease of the input scene power. The usefulness of the FE is demonstrated by presenting the results of computer simulations on the example of quasi phase-only filters. The decision curves are given for the confidence interval of 0.95 probability of finding the true-class correlation peak values as a function of the total input signal power.     

滤波对8字腔掺铒光纤激光器锁模运转的影响

构建了基于损耗非对称非线性光学环镜的8字腔掺铒光纤锁模激光器,并讨论了腔内滤波带宽对腔内脉冲演化和激光器输出特性的影响.在非线性光学环镜中引入双向输出耦合器,耦合器和传输光纤位置的不对称产生非互易性,实现锁模运转.利用自制的可调谐滤波器实验研究了滤波带宽对激光器的影响.当滤波带宽为2.1 nm时,腔内脉冲的演化过程受滤波和孤子效应的共同作用,激光器顺时针和逆时针输出脉冲半高全宽分别为583.7fs和2.94 ps.随着滤波带宽增大,滤波的作用逐渐减弱,激光器两路输出脉冲参数逐渐接近,并接近傅里叶变换极限脉冲.当滤波带宽较大时,腔内脉冲的演化过程受增益谱和孤子效应的共同作用,激光器顺时针和逆时针输出脉冲均为变换极限脉冲,半高全宽约为440 fs.通过调节滤波器中心波长实现了对激光器输出脉冲光谱的连续调谐,调节范围大于30 nm.