聚乙二醇400-水介质中长链烯烃氢胺甲基化反应

聚乙二醇(PEG)作为新的绿色反应介质以及作为催化剂的"流动"载体,近年来已开始引起人们的关注。本文以聚乙二醇(PEG)400-水作为反应介质,考察了水溶性铑膦络合物RhCl(CO)(TPPTS)2[TPPTS:P(m-C6H4SO3Na)3]对1-癸烯氢胺甲基化反应的催化性能。结果表明,在优化反应的条件下(4.0MPa,140℃),1-癸烯的转化率可达到84.6%,生成胺的选择性为52.5%,该催化体系对其他长链烯烃氢胺甲基化反应也具有较高的催化性能。反应完成后,含水溶性铑膦络合物的聚乙二醇-水溶液与含产物的有机相分离方便,催化剂循环使用4次后,未发现反应产率和选择性有明显变化。     

一种氨基甲酰氯的选择性酰化法

采用3-(1-甲胺基乙基)苯酚为原料,在同一分子中有氨基(胺)和羟基同时存在下,通过改变碱的强弱,用氨基甲酰氯可选择性地进行羟基或氨基上酰化反应,一步获得相应的酯或酰胺,所合成化合物用1H NMR,13C NMR,ESI MS和HRMS进行了结构确证,并对其反应机理进行了推测.该反应步骤简单,收率高,是一种高效实用的选择性酰化方法.     

氨基硝基吡啶及其氮氧化物的亲核取代胺化反应

以盐酸羟胺、1,1,1-三甲基肼碘化物(TMHI)和4-氨基-1,2,4-三唑(ATA)为胺化剂,研究了2-氨基-3,5-二硝基吡啶(1)和2-氨基-3,5-二硝基吡啶-1-氧化物(3)的亲核取代（VNS）胺化反应。 结合VNS胺化反应机理讨论了胺化剂活性、胺化剂和胺化底物的立体、电子效应对产物的组成和收率的影响。 以羟胺为胺化剂时,氨基可被引入到底物的6-位和4-位,胺化产物的收率在64%~89%之间;以TMHI和ATA为胺化剂时,氨基只能被引入到底物的6-位,胺化产物的收率在90%以上;在相同条件下,胺化产物的收率随胺化剂活性的提高而提高;受N+→O-的影响,化合物3的胺化产物收率稍高于化合物1的胺化产物收率。     

β-硝基苯乙烯衍生物与二溴海因高度区域选择性氨溴加成反应

以β-硝基苯乙烯衍生物为底物,二溴海因为氮源/卤素源,乙腈作溶剂,建立了碳碳双键上高度区域选择性氨溴加成反应新体系.β-硝基苯乙烯衍生物与二溴海因在室温无水碳酸钠催化下反应,可高收率获得邻位氨溴加成产物,最高收率达97%;β-甲基-β-硝基苯乙烯衍生物在氢氧化钾催化下回流反应,也可高收率得到邻位氨溴加成产物,最高收率达95%.实验结果表明,对于硝基苯乙烯衍生物,当苯环4-位具有强供电子基团如CH3O时,可以得到单一的α-氨基-β-溴加成产物,但其收率相对较低;当硝基苯乙烯衍生物的苯环4-位有强吸电子基团如NO2时,反应收率则很高.这一实验结果证明β-硝基苯乙烯衍生物(缺电子烯烃)与二溴海因的氨溴加成反应具有亲核加成的特征.本文共考察了20种不同结构的β-硝基苯乙烯衍生物的氨溴加成反应情况,其产物结构经核磁共振波谱及质谱分析确证,并提出了可能的反应机理.     

分子内Povarov反应合成香豆素并[4,3-b]喹啉类化合物

在p-TsOH作用下,以4-(1-萘氨基)或4-(2-萘胺基)香豆素和芳香醛为基础原料,通过分子内的Povarov反应,高选择性地合成了一系列苯并[h]香豆素并[4,3-b]喹啉和苯并[f]香豆素并[4,3-b]二氢喹啉类化合物。该反应操作简单、条件温和、收率良好。产物结构经IR、NMR及元素分析数据得以证实。     

苯嘧磺草胺的新合成方法

设计并完成苯嘧磺草胺及其关键中间体的合成工艺路线,使其具备工业化生产潜力。采用氯磺酰异氰酸酯、叔丁醇、N-异丙基甲胺等作为起始原料,制备了关键中间体N-甲基-N-异丙基氨基磺酰胺,3步反应总收率约75%。再以2-氯-4-氟苯甲酸为原料,经过硝化、酰氯化、缩合、催化氢化还原、氨酯交换、甲基化反应制备了苯嘧磺草胺。8步反应的总收率为48. 6%,纯度98. 6%,产物与中间体经NMR、MS等确证。     

水/有机两相体系 1-癸烯氢氨甲基化反应中 TPPTS 和TPPDS 的协同效应

 在 RhCl(CO)(TPPTS)2-TPPTS[P(m-C6H4SO3Na)3]/TPPDS[C6H5P(m-C6H4 SO3Na)2]-CTAB (十六烷基三甲基溴化铵) 水-有机两相催化体系中, 系统考察了 TPPTS/TPPDS 摩尔比、反应压力、阳离子表面活性剂结构及其浓度对 1-癸烯氢氨甲基化反应区域选择性的影响. 结果表明, TPPDS 的加入对生成胺的区域选择性的影响非常大. 当 TPPTS/TPPDS 摩尔比为 4 时, 直链胺和支链胺之比由不加 TPPDS 时的 8.2 增加到 21.0. 可见, TPPTS 和 TPPDS 存在着明显的协同效应. 阳离子表面活性剂的结构对生成胺的区域选择性影响也很大, 加入双长链阳离子表面活性剂时区域选择性远低于单长链阳离子表面活性剂, 且形成的聚集体越紧密, 越有利于提高产物正/异比.     

烯烃氢氨甲基化反应研究进展

烯烃的氢氨甲基化反应是合成各种胺及其衍生物的有效途径. 以催化体系及应用范围的发展为线索综述了该反应的研究进展.     

钯催化烯丙基磺酰胺的分子内胺氟化反应

报道了钯催化的非活性烯烃的胺氟化反应,在酸性添加剂HOAc的作用下,反应以较好的收率和区域选择性地得到6-endo环合产物,实现了氟代的环状磺胺类产物的有效合成.     

苯嘧磺草胺的新合成方法

设计并完成苯嘧磺草胺及其关键中间体的合成工艺路线,使其具备工业化生产潜力。采用氯磺酰异氰酸酯、叔丁醇、N-甲基-N-异丙基胺等作为起始原料,制备了关键中间体N-甲基-N-异丙基氨基磺酰胺,3步反应总收率~75%;采用2-氯-4-氟苯甲酸为原料,经过硝化、酰氯化、缩合、催化氢化还原、氨酯交换、甲基化反应制备了苯嘧磺草胺。共计8步反应制备得到苯嘧磺草胺,总收率为48.6%,纯度98.6%,产物与中间体经NMR、MS等进行了表征。     

氧化铝负载的银纳米颗粒高选择性催化合成亚胺(英)

The oxidative dehydrogenation of alcohols to aldehydes catalyzed by Ag nanoparticles supported on Al_2O_3 was studied.The catalyst promoted the direct formation of imines by tandem oxidative dehydrogenation and condensation of alcohols and amines.The reactions were performed under mild conditions and afforded the imines in high yield(up to 99%) without any byproducts other than H_2O.The highest activity was obtained over 5 wt%Ag/Al_2O_3 in toluene with air as oxidant.The reactions were also performed under oxidant-free conditions where the reaction was driven to the product side by the production of H_2 in the gas phase.The use of an efficient and selective Ag catalyst for the oxidative dehydrogenation of alcohol in the presence of amines gives a new green reaction protocol for imine synthesis.     

Additive effects of amines on asymmetric hydrogenation of quinoxalines catalyzed by chiral iridium complexes

The additive effects of amines were realized in the asymmetric hydrogenation of 2-phenylquinoxaline, and its derivatives, catalyzed by chiral cationic dinuclear triply halide-bridged iridium complexes [{Ir(H)[diphosphine]}(2) (μ-X)(3) ]X (diphosphine=(S)-2,2'-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1'-binaphthyl [(S)-BINAP], (S)-5,5'-bis(diphenylphosphino)-4,4'-bi-1,3-benzodioxole [(S)-SEGPHOS], (S)-5,5'-bis(diphenylphosphino)-2,2,2',2'-tetrafluoro-4,4'-bi-1,3-benzodioxole [(S)-DIFLUORPHOS]; X=Cl, Br, I) to produce the corresponding 2-aryl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoxalines. The additive effects of amines were investigated by solution dynamics studies of iridium complexes in the presence of N-methyl-p-anisidine (MPA), which was determined to be the best amine additive for achievement of a high enantioselectivity of (S)-2-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoxaline, and by labeling experiments, which revealed a plausible mechanism comprised of two cycles. One catalytic cycle was less active and less enantioselective; it involved the substrate-coordinated mononuclear complex [IrHCl(2) (2-phenylquinoxaline){(S)-BINAP}], which afforded half-reduced product 3-phenyl-1,2-dihydroquinoxaline. A poorly enantioselective disproportionation of this half-reduced product afforded (S)-2-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoxaline. The other cycle involved a more active hydride-amide catalyst, derived from amine-coordinated mononuclear complex [IrCl(2) H(MPA){(S)-BINAP}], which functioned to reduce 2-phenylquinoxaline to (S)-2-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoxaline with high enantioselectivity. Based on the proposed mechanism, an Ir(I) -JOSIPHOS (JOSIPHOS=(R)-1-[(S(p) )-2-(dicyclohexylphosphino)ferrocenylethyl]diphenylphosphine) catalyst in the presence of amine additive resulted in the highest enantioselectivity for the asymmetric hydrogenation of 2-phenylquinoxaline. Interestingly, the reaction rate and enantioselectivity were gradually increased during the reaction by a positive-feedback effect from the product amines.     

The Role of the Alcohol and Carboxylic Acid in Directed Ruthenium-Catalyzed C(sp(3) )H α-Alkylation of Cyclic Amines

A general directed Ru-catalyzed C(sp(3) )?H α-alkylation protocol for piperidines (less-reactive substrates than the corresponding five-membered cyclic amines) has been developed. The use of a hindered alcohol (2,4-dimethyl-3-pentanol) as the solvent and catalyst activator, and a catalytic amount of trans-1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid is necessary to achieve a high conversion to product. This protocol was used to effectively synthesize a number of 2-hexyl- and 2,6-dihexyl piperidines, as well as the alkaloid (±)-solenopsin?A. Kinetic studies have revealed that the carboxylic acid additive has a significant effect on catalyst initiation, catalyst longevity, and reverses the reaction selectivity compared with the acid-free reaction (promotes alkylation versus competing alkene reduction).     

在H3PO4存在下2,3-二甲基-2-丁烯与乙酐的酰化反应

在H3PO4存在下进行了2，3－二甲基－2－丁烯与乙酐的酰化反应，结果表明，H3PO4是室温下催化2，3－二甲基－2－丁烯与乙酐酰化反应的有效催化剂，在H3PO4存在下，酰化产物的收率主要取决于：（a)H3PO4的用量，（b)乙酐的用量；（c)反应温度和（d)反应时间，在适宜反应条件下，所得3，3，4－三甲基－4－戊烯－2－酮（TMP）约为99％，另外还发现，反应体系中加入少量乙酸，不会明显减少酰化产物的收率，乙酐的纯度，反应物的加入顺序对该反应几乎没有任何影响，在有和没有溶剂CH2Cl2的条件下所得酰化产物的收率是可比的。     

靛红Morita-Baylis-Hillman碳酸酯与环状N-磺酰亚胺的不对称烯丙基烷基化反应研究

本课题组近年来发展的通过路易斯碱催化靛红Morita-Baylis-Hillman(MBH)碳酸酯的烯丙基烷基化反应是合成光学纯3,3-二取代2-氧化吲哚化合物的一种有效方法. 在此基础上, 本文研究了手性叔胺催化靛红MBH碳酸酯与环状N-磺酰亚胺的不对称烯丙基烷基化反应, 通过亲电反应途径以较高的立体选择性(达86% ee, dr＞95∶5)和高收率(达96%)合成C-3位含季碳手性中心的多官能团氧化吲哚产物. 通过简单的转化可以得到含多个手性中心的2-吲哚酮-3,4'-哌啶环类骨架, 这为进一步合成生理活性物质研究奠定了基础.     

Amine synthesis via carbonylation reactions: aminomethylation

The preparation of aliphatic amines and alicyclic diamines by reaction of olefins, synthesis gas and dimethylamine, known as aminomethylation, was investigated. Synthesis involves homogeneous rhodium and ruthenium catalysts or mixtures thereof at very low concentrations. Employing 3–12 ppm Rh and 50–100 ppm Ru results in up to 97% selectivity towards the amines at conversions of up to 98% if aliphatic mono-olefins are used as starting materials. At high catalyst concentrations (173 ppm Rh, 2660 ppm Ru) the corresponding diamine is obtained from dicyclopentadiene in 89% yield. The influence of reaction parameters and catalyst ratios on the n/i-selectivity of the product indicates the scope as well as the limits of such a multi-step synthesis for a commercial process.     

Iridium complex-catalyzed allylic amination of allylic esters

Iridium complex-catalyzed allylic amination of allylic carbonates was studied. The solvent strongly affected the catalytic activity. The use of a polar solvent such as EtOH is essential for obtaining the products in high yield. The reaction of (E)-3-substituted-2-propenyl carbonate and 1-substituted-2-propenyl carbonate with pyrrolidine in the presence of a catalytic amount of [Ir(COD)Cl](2) and P(OPh)(3) (P/Ir = 2) gave a branch amine with up to 99% selectivity. Both secondary and primary amines could be used for this reaction. When a primary amine was used, selective monoallylation occurred. No diallylation product was obtained. The reaction of 1,1-disubstituted-2-propenyl acetate with amines exclusively gave an alpha,alpha-disubstituted allylic amine. This reaction provides an alternative route to the addition of an organometallic reagent to ketimines for the preparation of such amines. The reaction of (Z)-3-substituted-2-propenyl carbonate with amines gave (Z)-linear amines with up to 100% selectivity. In all cases, no (E)-linear amine was obtained. The selectivities described here have not been achieved in similar palladium complex-catalyzed reactions.     

Cu（OTf）2催化苄基卤代物与三丁基烯丙基锡的偶联反应

研究了苄基卤代物与三丁基烯丙基锡的偶联反应,当以10mol%Cu(OTf)2为催化剂,CH2Cl2为溶剂时,1-氯甲基-4-苯基萘与三丁基烯丙基锡于室温反应1h,交叉偶联反应产物1-(3-丁烯基)-4-苯基萘(3b)收率即达93%.结果表明,芳环含供电子基的底物反应活性较高,在室温反应几分钟即可完成,而芳环含吸电子基的底物反应活性低.反应产物3b,1-溴-4-(3-丁烯基)萘(3c)和1-(3-丁烯基)-4-硝基萘(3f)未见报道,且其结构经表征确认.     

氧化铝负载的银纳米颗粒高选择性催化合成亚胺(英)

The oxidative dehydrogenation of alcohols to aldehydes catalyzed by Ag nanoparticles supported on Al₂O₃ was studied.The catalyst promoted the direct formation of imines by tandem oxidative dehydrogenation and condensation of alcohols and amines.The reactions were performed under mild conditions and afforded the imines in high yield（up to 99%） without any byproducts other than H₂O.The highest activity was obtained over 5 wt%Ag/Al₂O₃ in toluene with air as oxidant.The reactions were also performed under oxidant-free conditions where the reaction was driven to the product side by the production of H₂ in the gas phase.The use of an efficient and selective Ag catalyst for the oxidative dehydrogenation of alcohol in the presence of amines gives a new green reaction protocol for imine synthesis.     

新轴手性N,N-Dioxide Biscarbolin衍生物催化酮亚胺的不对称硅氢化反应

以L-色氨酸为原料合成了5个伯酰胺结构的轴手性双咔啉N—O催化剂N2,N2'-二氧-9,9'-二甲基-3,3'-取代甲酰胺-β-双咔啉(4A~4E),并用于不对称催化酮亚胺的还原反应.结果表明,催化剂的催化转化率较高(80%~98%),立体选择性(e.e.值)较好,其中催化剂N2,N2'-二氧-9,9'-二甲基-3,3'-环己基甲酰胺-β-双咔啉(4B)的催化转化率达到了98%,e.e.值达68%.