共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 234 毫秒
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按线状刚体有无固定转动轴的两种情形,推导了有关质点与刚体发生弹性碰撞的一个结论;对两个质点、两个刚体、单个质点与刚体的弹性碰撞,归纳一个普遍的结论;利用该结论和其他物理规律,巧妙解答几道物理竞赛题. 相似文献
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根据质点从可自由移动的凹曲面上滑下的时间表达式,用泛函得出质点另一种下滑轨迹的曲线方程,指出了质点沿此曲线运动时所用时间具有极小值. 相似文献
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把刚体视作不变质点组,应用质点及质点组力学的定理和定律,就可以得到刚体运动的规律.因此,刚体力学中的规律实际上是质点组力学在“质点间距离保持不变”条件下的表现形式.刚体力学的内容很丰富,在普通物理学中学习的重点是刚体绕固定轴转动;与此关系较密切的有刚体平面运动,它可以看作平动和定轴转动的合成;至于刚体在平面力系下的平衡问题,实际上是平面运动的特殊情况,也属于我们的自学范围,现在围绕这些问题谈以下几点. 作用于刚体上的力 作用于刚体上的力有引人注目的特征.例如,力可沿作用线滑移而不改变其效果;将作用于刚体上的已知力… 相似文献
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利用直角坐标系中的质点运动微分方程和机械能守恒定律,推导出质点沿竖直面内任意的光滑曲线运动过程中单侧约束解除点的一般公式,并用它研究了约束曲线是二次曲线、立方抛物线、正弦曲线、双曲正弦线和普通摆线的情况. 相似文献
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Xin Li 《Physics letters. A》2010,374(43):4479-4482
When a small particle is illuminated by a circularly polarized laser beam, the induced electric dipole moment rotates in a plane. The flow lines of the emitted electromagnetic energy are the field lines of the Poynting vector. When the particle is embedded in a dielectric, these field lines have a vortex structure, and the rotation in the vortex has the same orientation as the rotation direction of the dipole. We show that when the embedding medium is a negative index of refraction material, the direction of rotation in the vortex is reversed. 相似文献
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Technical Physics - The rotation of a spherical particle in a constant electric field (an effect found earlier) has been analyzed. The particle is illuminated to induce the electric dipole moment... 相似文献
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在中国聚变工程实验堆(CFETR)设计参数下,利用一种高能量粒子(EP)物理简化模型分析了磁流体动力学(MHD)不稳定中新经典撕裂模(NTM)引起的粒子再分布和损失。相位矢量旋转法利用EP相空间中小间隔区域内跟踪探测粒子对来判定粒子轨道随机与否,即记录连接矢量旋转角的方法标记该区域是否存在KAM面破缺,以此为据修正相空间的粒子分布函数和判断粒子损失。利用相空间探测粒子对相位矢量旋转法标记一定NTM幅度下的随机区域分布并迭代得到稳态分布剖面。对捕获粒子区域的共振岛探测结果表明,低频或零频率扰动不会与高能量α粒子形成有效共振,MHD扰动和有效碰撞效应可能使捕获-通行轨道边界附近形成损失通道。 相似文献
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碳酸钙微粒光致旋转的实验和理论研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
理论分析了由于光束轨道角动量和自旋角动量传递以及微粒的特殊形状导致微粒旋转的机理.实验建立了单光束激光光镊装置,不仅可以捕获并移动直径为微米量级的微小粒子,而且利用圆偏振光与微粒之间角动量的传递,实现了对具有双折射特性的碳酸钙微粒的光致旋转.实验中发现微粒的旋转不仅取决于光束的偏振态,还与微粒本身的形状有关,解释了实验中观察到的几种旋转现象.碳酸钙微粒旋转的最高转速达到12转/秒,转速与激光功率成正比. 相似文献
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Brandon H. McNaughton Paivo Kinnunen Ron G. Smith Ramon Torres-Isea Roy Clarke 《Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials》2009,321(10):1648-1652
The nonlinear rotation response of a magnetic particle occurs when a driving magnetic field, used to rotate the magnetic particle, exceeds a critical frequency. This type of nonlinear rotational dynamic depends on several physical parameters, such as the rotational drag that the particle experiences. Shifts in this nonlinear rotational frequency offer a dynamic approach for the detection of bacteria, measurement of their growth, their response to chemical agents, and other biomedical applications. Therefore, we have developed a stand-alone prototype device that utilizes an elegant combination of a laser diode and photodiode to monitor particle rotation. 相似文献
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非球体填充的组合球模型及松弛算法 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
现有的松弛算法由于仅用于球填充而只考虑颗粒的平动,故提出考虑非球体转动的改进松弛算法并采用组合球模型,使其能够模拟任意形状非球体的随机填充以及多种非球体的混合填充.用多个球体的外包络面近似一个非球体外形的组合球模型,将非球体之间的接触转化为球体之间的接触,从而简化并统一非球体接触判断算法.通过引入非球体的转矩和转角松弛机制,使改进松弛算法克服了"自锁"现象,并能生成非球体的随机密填充.算例表明,填充结果与现有的数值模拟及实验结果相符. 相似文献
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S. Ba§kal 《Acta Physica Hungarica A》2004,19(3-4):273-276
Wigner’s little groups are the subgroups of the Poincaré group whose transformations leave the four-momentum of a given particle invariant. For a relativistic particle in motion the little group is a boosted rotation. On the other hand, the kinematical effect of two non-colinear Lorentz boosts is another boost preceded or follwed by a rotation, which is called the Wigner rotation. It is shown that there is always a Wigner rotation for a given little group rotation. The differences between those two rotations are clearly demonstrated and some interesting physical applications are presented. 相似文献
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Takayuki Sakaguchi 《Optical Review》2003,10(3):136-139
We have succeeded in the operation of rotating a fine particle which was held without mechanical contact by circularly polarized laser beams with opposite propagation directions. A polystyrene latex particle 11.9 μm in diameter deformed in a disk-like shape was dispersed in water, and was trapped using the anti-parallel collinear laser beams which were set up so that they had the circular polarization rotating in the same direction. It was observed that the trapped particle rotated in the same direction as the rotation of the circular polarization of light. Inversion of the rotational direction of the circular polarization of light reversed the direction of the rotation of the particle. Although the rotational speed of a particle varied significantly from particle to particle, it was found to be proportional to the laser beam intensity. A typical value for the rotational speed per beam intensity was 2.1 Hz/W. 相似文献