镍负载量对乙醇水蒸气重整制氢催化性能和催化剂的影响

采用稳态实验对镍负载量对Ni/MgO催化剂在乙醇水蒸气重整反应的影响进行了研究。结果表明，在101.3kPa下，镍负载量越高，催化剂的活性越高。对于催化剂的选择性，存在一个最佳镍负载量为10%Ni/MgO。按选择性从大到小排序，不同镍负载量的催化剂为：10Ni/MgO>15Ni/MgO>12.5Ni/MgO>7.5Ni/MgO≈5Ni/MgO。热分析表明，焙烧过程中不同镍负载量的催化剂镍前体与载体前体之间发生的相互作用不同。XRD和TPR 表征结果显示，催化剂的晶体结构和还原特性也与催化剂上镍的负载量有关。焙烧过程中样品10Ni/MgO上镍前体与载体前体发生了两种相互作用, 并且其氧化态与其他催化剂相比具有特殊的结构和还原性。说明催化剂的选择性不仅受活性相Ni的影响而且受Ni活性相周围环境的影响。     

新型Ni/TiO_2催化剂用于对硝基苯酚催化加氢

以介孔氧化钛晶须为载体,采用等体积浸渍法制备了Ni/TiO2催化剂,通过扫描电镜、X射线衍射、N2吸附脱附、热重分析和程序升温还原技术对催化剂及其前驱体进行了表征,考察了催化剂中Ni含量及焙烧和还原温度对催化剂催化对硝基苯酚加氢反应性能的影响.结果表明,Ni/TiO2催化剂不仅具有晶须状形貌和高结晶度的锐钛晶型,还保持了高比表面积和介孔结构.随着Ni/TiO2催化剂中镍负载量的增加,对硝基苯酚转化率逐渐增加,当镍负载量超过10%时,催化剂活性和选择性没有明显变化.当镍负载量为10%,焙烧和还原温度分别为500和450 ℃时,Ni/TiO2催化剂的加氢活性最佳,是Raney Ni的4倍.该催化剂循环使用7次后未发现明显失活.     

镍负载量对邻氯硝基苯加氢制邻氯苯胺Ni/TiO2催化剂性能的影响

 用等体积浸渍法制备了一系列不同镍负载量的负载型Ni/TiO2催化剂,并将其应用于邻氯硝基苯加氢制邻氯苯胺的反应. 采用N2吸附、 X射线衍射、程序升温还原、透射电镜、 H2化学吸附及间歇加压釜式反应器活性评价等方法,考察了镍负载量对Ni/TiO2催化剂的物化性质及邻氯硝基苯加氢反应性能的影响. 结果表明,随着镍负载量的增加, Ni/TiO2催化剂上邻氯硝基苯的转化率逐渐提高; 当镍负载量超过30%时,催化剂的活性和选择性不再明显变化. 当催化剂中镍负载量高于20%时,在温度343 K、 氢压1.0 MPa和催化剂/邻氯硝基苯质量比1/10的条件下反应210 min后,邻氯硝基苯的转化率和邻氯苯胺的选择性均高于99%, 催化剂具有良好的应用前景. 分析表明,影响Ni/TiO2催化剂性能的主要因素为催化剂表面镍晶粒的活性表面积以及载体TiO2与金属镍之间的强相互作用.     

Ni/Al2O3-SiO2催化剂对轻质C5馏分加氢的催化性

 利用X射线衍射、热重-差热分析和孔结构分析对新鲜和失活的Ni/Al2O3-SiO2催化剂进行了表征,讨论了催化剂的失活机理,并考察了催化剂在轻质C5馏分加氢反应中的稳定性和加氢工艺条件. 结果表明,催化剂失活的主要原因是加氢原料中的硫化物与催化剂活性组分镍发生反应生成了Ni3S2、镍晶粒长大和催化剂结焦. 使用氧化锌脱硫剂将加氢原料脱硫后,在单个反应器内,用饱和烷烃稀释C5馏分至其中二烯烃的质量分数为6%～9%,在加氢压力为1.3～2.5 MPa,体积空速为5.0～6.0 h-1,H2/油体积比为80～120的条件下,原料中二烯烃和炔烃转化率为100%,单烯烃转化率在97%以上. 催化剂连续运行375 h后,其催化活性与新鲜催化剂基本相同.     

Ni2P/TiO2的制备及其对苯加氢反应的催化性能

采用程序升温还原方法制备了TiO2负载的晶态Ni2P催化剂。用X射线衍射（XRD）及低温N2吸附（BET）等技术对样品的物相、比表面积等性质进行了表征。以苯气相加氢为模型反应考察了Ni2P/TiO2催化剂加氢性能，并对Ni2P负载量、前驱体中P的质量分数对催化剂的物相及性能的影响进行了研究。实验结果表明， TiO2负载的晶态磷化镍催化剂上，Ni2P是主要物相。Ni2P/TiO2催化剂对苯加氢反应具有较高的活性、选择性以及良好的稳定性能。Ni2P/TiO2制备对催化剂的性能有影响。Ni2P负载量增加，催化剂的活性先升高后降低，Ni2P负载量为12%时催化剂活性较高。催化剂前驱体中P的质量分数越高，制备出的催化剂对苯加氢反应的稳定性越好，但随前驱体中P的质量分数增加，催化反应的活性先升高，后降低。与Ni2P/SiO2比较，Ni2P/TiO2催化剂具有较高的活性和稳定性。     

Ni2P/HZSM5上噻吩加氢脱硫性能研究

采用程序升温还原方法制备了Ni2P/HZSM5催化剂。用X射线衍射 (XRD)、低温N2吸附（BET）、扫描电镜(SEM)等技术对催化剂样品的物相、比表面积、形貌等性质进行了表征。在连续微反系统中测定了Ni2P/HZSM5催化剂对噻吩加氢脱硫催化活性；研究了Ni2P负载量、前驱体中Ni/P摩尔比对催化剂的物相及性能的影响，考察了空速、反应温度、反应压力等操作条件对催化剂上噻吩加氢脱硫性能的影响。实验结果表明，Ni2P/HZSM5催化剂对噻吩加氢脱硫反应具有较高的活性和稳定性。随着Ni2P负载量、前驱体中Ni/P摩尔比的增加，催化剂的活性和稳定性先升高后降低。反应温度和体积空速对Ni2P/HZSM5催化剂的噻吩加氢脱硫性能有较明显的影响，反应压力和进料氢油比的影响相对较小。     

镍基催化剂上糠醛选择性加氢合成糠醇

采用浸渍法制备了一系列负载的Ni催化剂,用于糠醛选择性加氢反应.用XRD、TPR等手段对Ni/γ-Al2O3样品进行了表征.结果表明,Ni负载量在5~|15%范围内,高度分散于载体γ-Al2O3表面,Ni负载量进一步提高到20%,则在载体表面聚集成为微晶.在10%Ni/γ-Al2O3样品上提高焙烧温度有利于Ni的前驱体分解且高度分散于载体表面.Ni2 与γ-Al2O3存在较强的相互作用,但这种相互作用随着Ni负载量的增加而逐渐减弱,随着焙烧温度的增加而逐渐增强.与其他载体负载的Ni催化剂相比,Ni/γ-Al2O3由于其大的表面和适当的表面结构,在糠醛加氢反应中表现出一定的活性和较高的选择性,且随着Ni负载量的增加,活性逐渐增强,但选择性有所下降.另外催化剂的焙烧温度、还原温度,反应温度和溶剂对该反应均有较大影响,采用极性有机溶剂,适宜的焙烧和还原温度有利于催化剂活性和选择性的提高.     

高镍负载量Ni/SiO2和低镍负载量Ni-Ce/SiO2催化CO甲烷化的比较研究

采用等体积浸渍法制备了高镍负载量的13%Ni/SiO₂(13Ni/Si)催化剂和低镍负载量的7%Ni-2%Ce/SiO₂(7Ni-2Ce/Si)催化剂.通过N₂物理吸附、XRD、FT-IR、TEM、H₂-TPR/TPD等技术对催化剂进行表征,在连续流动微反装置上考察了催化剂的CO甲烷化活性.结果表明,在7Ni-2Ce/Si催化剂中NiO、CeO₂和SiO₂之间产生的相互作用,改变了Ni-O-Si键的化学环境,促进了氧化镍物种的分散和还原,进而提高了催化剂的活性比表面积,同时在催化剂表面形成了新的中等强度的CO吸附中心.与高镍负载量的13Ni/Si催化剂相比,低镍负载量的7Ni-2Ce/Si表现出更高的CO吸附能力和甲烷化活性.常压下,在CO体积分数1%和空速7 000 h^-1的反应条件下,低镍负载量的7Ni-2Ce/Si催化剂上CO完全甲烷化最低温度为230 ℃,比高镍负载量的13Ni/Si低了30 ℃.     

载体效应与镍晶粒尺寸对CO2甲烷化低温催化性能的影响

采用等体积浸渍法制备MgO和CeO₂负载的一系列不同镍含量催化剂，对其进行了二氧化碳甲烷化催化性能评价。研究结果表明NiO/CeO₂基催化剂具有优异的低温催化活性，其中80%NiO/CeO₂催化剂，在18 L/(g·h)、H₂/CO₂=4和350℃反应条件下甲烷产率为67%。探究了镍含量对NiO/MgO和NiO/CeO₂催化剂活性的影响，结果表明，随着镍含量增加，二氧化碳转化率、甲烷产率升高，在镍负载量为50%～80%时催化性能最佳。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、氢气程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)、拉曼(Raman)、CO₂-TPD表征探究不同载体和Ni晶粒大小对NiO/MgO,NiO/CeO₂催化剂催化活性的影响。本研究可为设计具有优异低温催化性能的二氧化碳甲烷化催化剂提供参考。     

Ni-Sn-Cr/AC催化剂上乙酸甲酯气相羰基化合成醋酐反应的研究

以活性炭为载体,采用浸渍法制备Ni-Sn-Cr/AC催化剂,在连续流动固定床反应器上研究其对乙酸甲酯气相羰基化合成醋酐反应的催化性能。分别考察了Ni、Sn、Cr三种金属组分的负载量对催化活性的影响,进一步考察了反应压力、反应温度、反应时间对反应的影响。实验结果表明,在Ni9%-Sn12%-Cr6%/AC催化剂上,当反应温度205℃,压力5.5MPa,催化剂焙烧温度600℃,催化剂焙烧时间为4h的条件下,乙酸甲酯的转化率为38.8%,醋酐的选择性为81.1%。采用X射线衍射和元素分析技术分别对反应前和不同反应时间后的催化剂进行了表征。分析结果表明,Ni⁰是催化剂的主要活性中心,随着反应时间的延长,活性组分镍的流失现象比较严重,同时催化剂上出现积炭及载体骨架遭到破坏,是导致催化剂失活的主要原因。     

Effect of Ni loadings on the activity and coke formation of MgO-modified Ni/Al2O3 nanocatalyst in dry reforming of methane

MgO-modified Ni/Al₂O₃ catalysts with different Ni loadings were prepared and employed in dry reforming of methane (DRM). The effect of Ni loadings on the activity and coke formation of Ni/MgO-Al₂O₃ catalysts were investigated. The synthesized catalysts were characterized by XRD, N₂ adsorption-desorption, SEM, TPO and TPR techniques. The obtained results showed that increasing nickel loading decreased the BET surface area and increased the catalytic activity and amount of deposited carbon. In addition, the effect of gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) and feed ratio were studied.     

Ni catalysts supported on nanocrystalline magnesium oxide for syngas production by CO2 reforming of CH4

CO2 reforming of methane (CDRM) was carried out over MgO supported Ni catalysts with various Ni loadings. The preparation of MgO supported Ni catalysts via surfactant-assisted precipitation method led to the formation of a nanocrystalline carrier for nickel catalysts. The synthesized samples were characterized by XRD, N2 adsorption-desorption, H2 chemisorption, TPR, TPO and SEM techniques. It was found that the high catalytic activity and stability of the prepared catalysts could be attributable to high dispersion of reduced Ni species and basicity of support surface. In addition, the effect of feed ratio, nickel loading and GHSV on the catalytic performance of CDRM over the catalysts were investigated.     

Effect of Ni loadings on the activity and coke formation of MgO-modified Ni/Al_2O_3 nanocatalyst in dry reforming of methane

MgO-modified Ni/Al2O3 catalysts with different Ni loadings were prepared and employed in dry reforming of methane （DRM）. The effect of Ni loadings on the activity and coke formation of Ni/MgO-A1203 catalysts were investigated. The synthesized catalysts were characterized by XRD, N2 adsorption-desorption, SEM, TPO and TPR techniques. The obtained results showed that increasing nickel loading decreased the BET surface area and increased the catalytic activity and amount of deposited carbon. In addition, the effect of gas hourly space velocity （GHSV） and feed ratio were studied.     

In Situ and Theoretical Studies for the Dissociation of Water on an Active Ni/CeO2 Catalyst: Importance of Strong Metal–Support Interactions for the Cleavage of O–H Bonds

Water dissociation is crucial in many catalytic reactions on oxide‐supported transition‐metal catalysts. Supported by experimental and density‐functional theory results, the effect of the support on O? H bond cleavage activity is elucidated for nickel/ceria systems. Ambient‐pressure O 1s photoemission spectra at low Ni loadings on CeO₂(111) reveal a substantially larger amount of OH groups as compared to the bare support. Computed activation energy barriers for water dissociation show an enhanced reactivity of Ni adatoms on CeO₂(111) compared with pyramidal Ni₄ particles with one Ni atom not in contact with the support, and extended Ni(111) surfaces. At the origin of this support effect is the ability of ceria to stabilize oxidized Ni²⁺ species by accommodating electrons in localized f‐states. The fast dissociation of water on Ni/CeO₂ has a dramatic effect on the activity and stability of this system as a catalyst for the water‐gas shift and ethanol steam reforming reactions.     

助剂对甲烷部分氧化制合成气镍基催化剂性能的影响

考察了添加助剂铈、镧和钙对镍基催化剂反应性能的影响，发现助剂对以α-Al2O3为载体的镍基催化剂的调变作用比以γ-Al2O3为载体的镍基催化剂好，且助剂铈对催化剂的性能改善最好。在此基础上，研究了不同载量的铈对催化剂性能的影响。结果表明，铈的质量分数为1%时对催化剂的性能改善最好。同时采用XRD、XPS、TG等技术，研究了助剂铈对10％Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂的改性作用。XRD分析表明，铈负载量较低时，催化剂中的CeO2高度分散在催化剂表面，铈负载量较高时，CeO2形成微晶颗粒，降低了催化活性。     

Synthesis of Highly-Dispersed Ni/Mesoporous Silica via an Ammonia Evaporation Method for Dry Reforming of Methane: Effect of the Ni Loadings

Mesoporous silica was used in conjunction with the ammonia evaporation method to prepare highly dispersed Ni catalysts for the dry reforming of methane (DRM). The effect of Ni dispersion on the catalytic performance was investigated by applying different Ni loadings. The pore structure, morphology, Ni dispersion, catalytic activity for DRM as well as the coke resistance were investigated. During the reaction at a relatively low temperature of 600 °C, all the three catalysts exhibited high stability in CH₄ and CO₂ conversion and excellent coke resistance, in comparison to Ni/SiO₂ catalyst prepared by the incipient wetness method. Among them, 10% Ni–SiO₂ exhibited the best catalytic performance with the maximum steady conversions of 62% and 69% for CH₄ and CO₂ at 600 °C, which was beneficial from its optimal Ni content and the presence of highly-dispersed metal nanoparticles confined in the mesopores.

     

Ni2 在炭包覆氧化铝表面存在状态及加氢性能

采用等体积浸渍法制备了以炭包覆氧化铝(CCA)为载体的Ni基催化剂.利用低温N2物理吸附、XRD、UV-Vis DRS、H2-TPR、H2-TPD等手段对催化剂进行表征,并考察了催化剂粗1,4-丁二醇加氢反应性能.结果表明,均匀分散在表面的炭可以有效阻止Ni2+进入氧化铝表面四面体及八面体空位,Ni2+以与载体具有中等强度相互作用的物种形式存在.随Ni含量的增加,镍物种晶粒尺寸发生明显变化,当Ni含量低于10%时,NiO以高分散状态存在于载体表面,Ni含量达到14%时催化剂中出现了NiO微晶,进一步提高Ni含量,NiO晶粒尺寸有所长大,但仍保持了较高的分散度.由于Ni的聚集程度较小,随着Ni含量增加,Ni的总活性比表面积增加,催化剂加氢活性提高,至Ni含量达17%时,催化剂表现出最佳的催化加氢活性.     

Nickel catalysts supported on MgO with different specific surface area for carbon dioxide reforming of methane

In this paper, three kinds of MgO with different specific surface area were prepared, and their effects on the catalytic performance of nickel catalysts for the carbon dioxide reforming of methane were investigated. The results showed that MgO support with the higher specific surface area led to the higher dispersion of the active metal, which resulted in the higher initial activity. On the other hand, the specific surface area of MgO materials might not be the dominant factor for the basicity of support to chemisorb and activate CO₂, which was another important factor for the performance of catalysts. Herein, Ni/MgO(CA) catalyst with proper specific surface area and strong ability to activate CO₂ exhibited stable catalytic property and the carbon species deposited on the Ni/MgO(CA) catalyst after 10 h of reaction at 650 °C were mainly activated carbon species.     

Effect of MgO promoter on Ni-based SBA-15 catalysts for combined steam and carbon dioxide reforming of methane

A series of Ni/SBA-15 catalysts with Ni contents ranging from 5 wt% to 15 wt%, as well as another series of 10%Ni/MgO/SBA-15 catalysts, in which the range of the MgO content was from 1 wt% to 7 wt%, were prepared, and their catalytic performances for the reaction of combined steam and carbon dioxide reforming of methane were investigated in a continuous flow microreactor. The structures of the catalysts were characterized using the XRD, H2-TPR and CO2-TPD techniques. The results indicated that the CO selectivity for this reaction was very close to 100%, and the H2/CO ratio of the product gas could be controlled by changing the H2O/CO2 molar ratio of the feed gas. The simultaneous and plentiful existing of steam and CO2 had a significant influence on the catalytic performance of the 10%Ni/SBA-15 catalyst without modification. After reacting at 850 °C for 120 h over this catalyst, the CH4 conversion dropped from 98% to 85%, and the CO2 conversion decreased from 86% to 53%. However, the 10%Ni/3%MgO/SBA-15 catalyst exhibited a much better catalytic performance, and after reacting for 620 h, the CO2 conversion over this catalyst dropped from 92% to around 77%, while the CH4 conversion was not decreased. Oxidation of the Ni0 species as well as carbon deposition during the reaction were the main reasons for the deactivation of the catalyst without modification. On the other hand, modification by the MgO promoter improved the dispersion of the Ni0 species, and enhanced the CO2 adsorption affinity which in turn depressed the occurring of carbon deposition, and thus retarded the deactivation process.     

Catalytic wet air oxidation of phenol over ultrasound-assisted synthesized Ni/CeO2–ZrO2 nanocatalyst used in wastewater treatment

Non-noble metal Ni with different loadings was coated on precipitated CeO₂–ZrO₂ support by the sonochemistry method and examined for catalytic wet air oxidation of phenol. The structure of the nanocatalysts was determined by BET, FESEM, XRD, and FTIR analyses. The results showed non-uniform morphology of the nanocatalyst at lower Ni contents changed to homogenous morphology with spherical nano particles at higher Ni contents. While the size of NiO crystals remained constant with rising Ni content, the crystallinity of NiO significantly increased. If the crystallinity of NiO was 100% in 20% wt Ni/CeO₂–ZrO₂, the crystallinity of NiO in 5% wt Ni was found to be 41.13%. The average particle size in Ni(15%)/CeO₂–ZrO₂ was 77 nm in which 85.71% of particle diameters were less than 100 nm. Catalytic wet air oxidation of phenol with different Ni loadings indicated improvement of phenol destruction at higher amounts of active phase. Removal of phenol increased with increasing catalyst loading from 4 to 9.0 g/l but further increase to 10 g/l declined the catalyst reactivity.