基于导电聚合物吡咯膜的生物电化学传感研究

导电聚合物可以与纳米尺寸的生物分子形成纳米复合物,在生物催化传感器的设计中,聚吡咯(Ppy)是应用最为广泛的一种导电聚合物,这种聚合物膜具有良好的导电性、选择性、稳定性、灵敏性以及生物相容性,很容易用于纳米尺寸生物分子的固定,并展示独特的催化和亲合特性.文章主要讨论了氧化还原酶在Ppy界面上的电子传递,提出了Ppy在免疫传感器、DNA传感器以及分子印迹技术领域中的最新应用及存在的问题,并对导电聚合物在未来分子技术中的发展进行了展望.     

纳米结构聚吡咯构建的生物传感器

本文总结了纳米结构聚吡咯对生物分子的固定方法如吸附法、电化学聚合包埋法、共价键偶联法以及分子印迹法,重点评述了基于纳米结构聚吡咯的电流型生物传感器,如酶、核酸、免疫传感器等的工作原理和探测性能.指出聚吡咯纳米敏感材料优良的选择透过性和高比表面积有利于生物分子的固定,提高了生物传感器的敏感度;聚吡咯良好的生物相容性和抗干扰性,可以很好地保持生物分子的活性,提高生物传感器的选择性和环境稳定性;聚吡咯与其它敏感材料如碳纳米管或金属纳米粒子复合,两者的协同效应使电极的电化学信号放大、电催化活性可提高2～4个数量级.检出限最高可提升5万倍;聚吡咯纳米生物传感器在生物医学工程、临床诊断、环境监测、食品卫生和科学等领域展现出广阔的应用前景.     

基于石墨/聚吡咯电极的葡萄糖生物传感器

采用电化学聚合技术,在掺杂的导电聚吡咯薄膜修饰过的铅笔芯电极上,吸附葡萄糖氧化酶制备葡萄糖生物传感器。首先在含有0.1 mol/L吡咯和0.01 mol/L HCl的溶液中,于0.7 V恒电位下吡咯单体氧化聚合,在铅笔芯电极表面形成聚吡咯薄膜;然后将葡萄糖氧化酶吸附在修饰过的电极上制备出葡萄糖氧化酶-聚吡咯-铅笔芯电极电流型生物传感器。实验考察了吡咯聚合时间、聚合温度、葡萄糖氧化酶吸附量、检测电压以及干扰物对传感器性能的影响。实验结果表明,在优化条件下,传感器的灵敏度为17.78μA/mmol/L,线性范围0.8 mmol/L,线性相关度R=0.9918,响应时间小于16 s,检测下限为18.75μmol/L,有较强的抗干扰能力。     

聚吡咯纳米线凝胶的模板制备及储能与电化学传感性能

以配位聚合物凝胶为模板, 构筑均一的聚吡咯纳米线网络, 聚合后经简单处理除去模板, 得到性能优异的聚吡咯凝胶. 结果表明, 模板法合成的聚吡咯凝胶为由均一纳米线组成的三维网络结构, 具有良好的力学性能、 较大的比表面积及优异的电化学特性, 在0.28 A/g电流密度下, 比电容可达450 F/g, 在2.8 A/g电流密度下充放电1000次, 比电容仍可保持88.6%. 聚吡咯纳米线网络凝胶经葡萄糖氧化酶负载后得到柔性传感电极, 对低浓度(0.2 mmol/L)的葡萄糖具有快速响应性能, 有望用于超级电容器及生物电化学传感器等领域.     

多功能性聚吡咯复合膜

聚吡咯具有较高的电导率与良好的环境稳定性，被视为继聚苯胺之后最有工业化应用前景的导电高分子材料之一。聚吡咯与常规聚合物基体如聚乙烯醇、聚氯乙烯等形成的复合膜不仅可以综合聚吡咯奇异的多功能性与常规聚合物的易成膜性和低成本性于一体，而且可望发挥两者的协同效应，从而大大拓宽其应用领域。该研究已经成为导电聚合物研究领域中的又一新热点。作者系统论述了制备这类功能复合膜的两种典型制备方法，并在分析各自特点的基础上提出了改进与发展方向，指出聚吡咯复合膜具有广泛可调的电导率、快速的电学响应性以及稳定的电致变色性等多种功能，在透明导电膜、化学传感器、生物分离膜、电致变色膜领域具有诱人的应用前景。     

以膨胀石墨为基底的聚吡咯电化学免疫传感器

用恒电位法在膨胀石墨基底表面合成聚吡咯,聚吡咯上的亚氨基与戊二醛发生交联,制备成稳定的膨胀石墨/聚吡咯/戊二醛传感器界面.以此界面固定人IgG抗体,戊二醛作为交联剂,发展了一种新型的电化学免疫传感器.该传感器在IgG溶液中温育后,其表面结合的IgG和随后加入的辣根过氧化氢酶(HRP)标IgG二抗以及传感器表面的IgG抗...     

导电聚合物传感器的研究进展

导电聚合物因其具有特殊的结构和优异的物理化学性能,而成为构建传感器的一种新材料。综述了近5年来导电聚合物在生物传感器、离子传感器、气敏传感器方面的研究进展,并对导电聚合物的研究动向作了展望。     

聚吡咯修饰烟酸电位型生物传感器的制备与性能研究

用循环伏安法制备了对烟酸有良好Ｎｅｒｎｓｔ电位响应的聚吡咯修饰烟酸化学传感器。传感器的响应是基于烟酸根离子在掺杂了烟酸的聚吡咯膜中掺杂＝释放平衡。研究了聚合条件对传感器电化学性能的影响,表征了传感器的电化学特性。     

基于铁氰化钾电子媒介体及醛基吡啶盐的电化学免疫传感器

采用聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵(PDDA)将铁氰化钾电子媒介体固定在电极表面,构建免标记的电化学免疫传感器. 醛基吡啶盐不仅作为基底物质直接固定抗体,还可以很好地增强电极表面的导电性能. 将构建的传感器用于肿瘤标志物甲胎蛋白的检测. 其线性范围为0.01-20 ng·mL^-1,检测下限为0.004 ng·mL^-1（3 S/N）. 此传感器的构建简单方便、无标记、特异性好,为甲胎蛋白及其他肿瘤标志物提供了新的检测方法.     

基于聚吡咯纳米线修饰玻碳电极的硝酸根电流型传感器研究

在玻碳电极表面,采用电聚合方法一步制备聚吡咯纳米线。由于聚吡咯的电化学氧化还原过程伴随有硝酸根的掺杂/脱掺杂,基于此构建了硝酸根电流型传感器。详细探讨了电聚合溶液的pH值、电聚合电位、电聚合时间、富集电位和富集时间对聚吡咯纳米线形貌,以及对硝酸根在修饰电极表面电化学响应的影响。在最佳条件下,构建的硝酸根传感器的线性范围为1.0×10-3～4.0×10-3 mol/L,检出限(S/N=3)达到2.2×10-4 mol/L,且具有良好的稳定性、重现性以及抗干扰能力。     

介孔材料在电化学生物传感器中的应用进展

回顾了近年来有序介孔材料在电化学生物传感器中的应用及发展状况,简述了规则介孔材料的合成方法及特点、生物分子在介孔材料上的固定方法及其优缺点,通过总结近年几种介孔材料电化学生物传感器的研究进展,提出介孔材料在电化学生物传感器领域的应用前景(引用文献49篇)。     

Carboxy-endcapped conductive polypyrrole: biomimetic conducting polymer for cell scaffolds and electrodes

Numerous regenerating tissues respond favorably to electrical stimulation, creating a need for a bioactive conducting platform for tissue engineering applications. The drive for biosensors and electrode coatings further requires control of the surface properties of promising conductive materials such as polypyrrole. Here we present carboxy-endcapped polypyrrole (PPy-alpha-COOH), a unique bioactive conducting polymer with a carboxylic acid layer, composed of a polypyrrole (PPy) surface modified with pyrrole-alpha-carboxylic acid (Py-alpha-COOH). This unique structure is simple to produce, provides a stable bioactive surface via covalent bonds, and preserves bulk properties such as electrical conductivity and mechanical integrity. The chemical structure of this polymer composite was characterized by angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), which demonstrated the presence of carboxylic acid functionality on the top surface of conductive PPy. A four-point probe test was used to verify the similar conductivity of PPy-alpha-COOH compared to that of standard PPy. To demonstrate the potential to influence cellular activity, the carboxylic acid monolayer surface was grafted with the cell-adhesive Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) motif. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) cultured on RGD-modified PPy-alpha-COOH demonstrated significantly higher adhesion and spreading than on the negative controls PPy-alpha-COOH and unmodified PPy.     

Electrochemical biosensors based on Ti3C2Tx MXene: future perspectives for on-site analysis

MXenes are recently developed two-dimensional layered materials composed of early transition metal carbides and/or nitrides that provide unique characteristics for biosensor applications. This review presents the recent progress made on the usage and applications of MXenes in the field of electrochemical biosensors, including microfluidic biosensors and wearable microfluidic biosensors, and highlights the challenges with possible solutions and future needs. The multilayered configuration and high conductivity make these materials as an immobilization matrix for the biomolecule immobilization with activity retention and to be explored in the fabrication of electrochemical sensors, respectively. First, how the MXene nanocomposite as an electrode modifier affects the sensing performance of the electrochemical biosensors based on enzymes, aptamer/DNA, and immunoassays is well described. Second, recent developments in MXene nanocomposites as wearable biosensing platforms for the biomolecule detection are highlighted. This review pointed out the future concerns and directions for the use of MXene nanocomposites to fabricate advanced electrochemical biosensors with high sensitivity and selectivity. Specifically, possibilities for developing microfluidic electrochemical sensors and wearable electrochemical microfluidic sensors with integrated biomolecule detection are emphasized.     

Application of Carbon Nanotubes in the Extraction and Electrochemical Detection of Organophosphate Pesticides: A Review

Recent trends and challenges in developing carbon nanotubes (CNT) based sensors and biosensors for the detection of organophosphate (OP) pesticides and other organic pollutants in water are reviewed. CNT have superior electrical, mechanical, chemical, and structural properties over conventional materials such as graphite. At the same time CNT based sensors and biosensors are more efficient compared to the existing traditional techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography or gas chromatography, because they can provide rapid, sensitive, simple, and low-cost on-field detection. The measurement protocols can be based on enzymatic and non-enzymatic detection. The enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is used with CNT for fabricating ultrasensitive biosensors for OP detection involving different immobilization schemes such as adsorption, crosslinking, and layer-by-layer self-assembly. This protocol relies on measuring the degree of enzyme inhibition as means of OP quantification. The other enzyme used along with CNT for OP detection is organophosphate hydrolase (OPH) which hydrolyzes the OP into detectable species that can be measured by amperometric or potentiometric methods. Different forms of CNT electrode materials can be used for fabricating such electrodes such as pure CNT and composite CNT. Due to their large surface area and hydrophobicity, CNT have also been used for the extraction and non-enzymatic electrochemical detection of OP with very high efficiency. The application of CNT and their novel properties for the adsorption and electrochemical detection of OP compounds is discussed in detail.     

Electron‐Transfer Kinetics of Microperoxidase‐11 Covalently Immobilised onto the Surface of Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Reactive Landing of Mass‐Selected Ions

Controlled deposition of biological molecules on nanostructured materials is a basic step towards the realisation of biochip components. In this study we report the investigation of the first covalent immobilisation of mass‐selected redox protein on a carboxyl‐functionalised multi‐walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) electrode surface by means of ion soft landing. The immobilised protein maintains its biochemical properties, displaying an excellent electrochemical behaviour on the electrode surface. The deposition of mass‐selected ions is influenced by several factors, including the charge state and the collision energy of the projectile ions. To elucidate the mechanism involved in the protein reactive landing onto the MWCNT surface, the data obtained from cyclic voltammetry experiments were modelled according to the Marcus theory. The proposed method opens up the way to the development of a new generation of biocomponents with potential use in biosensors, diagnostics, biofuel cells and bioactive films.     

生物电化学传感器中煌聚合物材料

对聚合物材料在生物电化学传顺中的应用进行了评述,包括高分子媒介体化合物、高分子阻挡膜、酶固定化材料和电解聚合物材料。并指出今后提高生物电化学传感器性能、改善和改变其表面特性,也依赖于聚合物材料的应用。     

Applications of ionic liquids in electrochemical sensors

Ionic liquids (ILs) are molten salts with the melting point close to or below room temperature. They are composed of two asymmetrical ions of opposite charges that only loosely fit together (usually bulky organic cations and smaller anions). The good solvating properties, high conductivity, non-volatility, low toxicity, large electrochemical window (i.e. the electrochemical potential range over which the electrolyte is neither reduced nor oxidized on electrodes) and good electrochemical stability, make ILs suitable for many applications. Recently, novel ion selective sensors, gas sensors and biosensors based on ILs have been developed. IL gels were found to have good biocompatibility with enzymes, proteins and even living cells. Besides a brief discussion of the properties of ILs and their general applications based on these properties, this review focuses on the application of ILs in electroanalytical sensors.     

Mycotoxins Detection Based on Electrochemical Approaches

Electrochemical biosensors have attracted much attention in mycotoxin bioanalysis. In this review, three electrochemical biosensor technologies for mycotoxins were reviewed, including general electrochemistry, photoelectrochemistry, and electrochemiluminescence. Based on the classification of multiple electrochemical detection methods, the design schemes, recognition mechanism and probe materials were described in detail. Moreover, the characteristics and limitations of these electrochemical biosensors were summarized. The challenges and future trends of electrochemical biosensor development in mycotoxin bioanalysis were also briefly discussed in the end. This review is expected to provide some inspirations for point-of-care testing in electrochemical sensors for mycotoxins and further electrochemical analysis application.     

化学发光生物传感器的研究进展

简要介绍了化学发光生物传感器在近几年取得的重要研究成果；内容主要化学发光生物传感器研究中生物组分的固定化方法及生物传感器在分析化学中的应用，引用参考文献49篇。