低温下 Fe(Ⅱ)对Ferrihydrite相转化的催化作用研究

研究了在低温、近中性条件下,在微量Fe(Ⅱ)离子存在下Ferrihydrite(又称为水合氧化铁hydrous iron oxide)的相转化过程．结果表明,微量Fe(Ⅱ)离子的存在不仅可以加速Ferrihydrite的相转化过程,而且其相转化产物的组成也与没有Fe(Ⅱ)离子存在时产物的组成有所不同,即除了α—FeOOH和α—Fe2O3外,还形成了γ-FeOOH;相转化过程既与阴离子的种类、反应温度、反应时间等因素有关,也与Fe（Ⅱ)离子存在状态有关;Fe（Ⅱ）离子通过催化Ferrihydrite的溶解过程,从而加速整个相转化过程．对该过程的深入研究将对认识和了解自然条件下铁氧化物的形成与相互转化具有重要意义．     

不同晶化度γ-FeOOH的合成及其液相转化研究

进行了空气氧化Fe(OH)2悬浮液, EDTA作用下可见光诱导, 不同温度(14～20 ℃)制备不同晶化度γ-FeOOH的研究, 进行了其沸腾回流液相转化历程的探讨. 结果表明: 随温度的升高, γ-FeOOH的晶化程度变差; 而γ-FeOOH的晶化程度越差, 在液相沸腾回流时就越易转化成α-Fe2O3, 反之则易转化为α-FeOOH. 在pH近中性, 微量Fe(II)存在条件下低晶态的γ-FeOOH可以快速转化为均匀球形的α-Fe2O3.     

α-Fe(Ga)OOH的液相催化合成及表征

采用液相催化相转化法, 以Fe(III)与Ga(III)的共沉淀为前驱物合成了α-Fe(Ga)OOH微粒. 探讨了镓离子的掺杂浓度和Fe(II)离子用量等因素对合成α-Fe(Ga)OOH微粒的影响, 并对产物进行了X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、电子衍射(ED)表征. 结果表明: 初始pH＝9, nFe(II)/nFe(III)＝0.02, nGa(III)/nFe(III)＝0.18时, 在沸腾回流条件下可制备出类多面体形的α-Fe(Ga)OOH微粒, 镓离子的掺杂对α-FeOOH的形成起了形貌调控作用, 电子衍射数据表明该α-Fe(Ga)OOH为单晶粒子.     

硅酸盐对Ferrihydrite相转化为α-Fe2O3微粒形貌的调控作用

以Ferrihydrite(又称水合氧化铁hydrous iron oxide)为反应前驱物, Fe(II)为催化剂, 在微量Na₂SiO₃存在下, 控制pH＝6～9范围内合成出了亚微米级纺锤形和准立方形α-Fe₂O₃微粒. 研究了初始pH, Na₂SiO₃浓度, Ferrihydrite老化方式对相转化时间和产物形貌的影响, 利用XRD, SEM等手段对产物进行了表征. 结果表明, Na₂SiO₃对Ferriihydrite催化相转化有一定的抑制作用, 是影响其相转化过程及产物形貌的关键. 在弱碱性条件下, [Si]/[Fe^3＋]为0.01时可直接获得纺锤形(轴比≥2)或准立方形(300～400 nm) α-Fe₂O₃粒子, 并对形成机理进行了初步讨论.     

硅酸盐对Ferrihydrite相转化为α-Fe2O3微粒形貌的调控作用

以Ferrihydrite(又称水合氧化铁hydrous iron oxide)为反应前驱物, Fe(II)为催化剂, 在微量Na₂SiO₃存在下, 控制pH＝6～9范围内合成出了亚微米级纺锤形和准立方形α-Fe₂O₃微粒. 研究了初始pH, Na₂SiO₃浓度, Ferrihydrite老化方式对相转化时间和产物形貌的影响, 利用XRD, SEM等手段对产物进行了表征. 结果表明, Na₂SiO₃对Ferriihydrite催化相转化有一定的抑制作用, 是影响其相转化过程及产物形貌的关键. 在弱碱性条件下, [Si]/[Fe^3＋]为0.01时可直接获得纺锤形(轴比≥2)或准立方形(300～400 nm) α-Fe₂O₃粒子, 并对形成机理进行了初步讨论.     

Mn离子掺杂对α-FeOOH结构和形貌的影响

本文采用水热合成方法,在120℃碱性条件下制备出形貌均一的短棒状α-FeOOH纳米粒子,对其进行了金属离子Mn的掺杂。系统研究了Mn离子掺杂对产物物相结构和形貌的影响,对产物进行了X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(IR)、穆斯堡尔谱(MES)、场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)和高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)表征。结果表明:低浓度Mn离子掺杂对α-FeOOH的形成起了形貌和物相调控作用。α-FeOOH纳米棒的长径比随着Mn离子加入量的增大逐渐增加;当nMn(Ⅱ)/nFe(Ⅲ)=0.30时,产物变成了α-(Fe,Mn)OOH和MnFe2O4的混合物,形貌为纳米棒和纳米颗粒。     

葡聚糖分子对氢氧化铁矿化结晶的调制作用

通过对比五种不同葡聚糖浓度的Fe3＋/葡聚糖矿化作用体系中Fe(OH)3凝胶在早期矿化阶段的成核和相变过程来研究葡聚糖对铁矿物的结晶与转化的调控作用. 运用ICP-AES(等离子发射光谱仪)观察各个矿化体系中上清液的[Fe3＋]浓度及相应pH的变化, 矿化产物运用FTIR、XRD进行表征. 结果发现, 上清液中[Fe3＋]经历了两次下降过程, 在陈化的第三天突然回增. 与不含葡聚糖的矿化作用体系很快形成结晶良好的α-FeOOH不同, 在含有葡聚糖的矿化作用体系中最初形成的物相主要为β-FeOOH. 葡聚糖分子通过与Fe3＋配位吸附在铁氧化物颗粒的表面促进了β-FeOOH转化为α-Fe2O3. 相变是经过溶解-再结晶机制进行的. [Fe3＋]第二次下降正是由于β-FeOOH转化为α-Fe2O3引起的. 葡聚糖浓度适当增大, β-FeOOH溶解加快, 有利于相变的进行. 因此葡聚糖的存在能显著影响在氢氧化铁凝胶中形成晶核的结构类型及其相变历程.     

非晶态δ-FeOOH液相合成纳米级α-Fe2O3粉体的历程研究

以非晶态δ-FeOOH为前驱物的弱酸性悬浮液,液相快速合成粒径小于25 nm、准球形、高纯度α-Fe₂O₃粉体.结合XRD, FTIR, TEM, TG/DTA和粒度分析等测试手段,对δ-FeOOH液相相转化为α-Fe₂O₃过程中产物的物相、结构及形貌进行了表征.研究结果表明,非晶态δ-FeOOH属亚稳相,容易向稳定相α-Fe₂O₃及α-FeOOH转化,而α-FeOOH在沸腾回流中会自发地转化为α-Fe₂O₃.     

掺铝铁饼状α-Fe2O3微粒的制备及性能

采用液相催化相转化法, 以Fe(III)与Al(III)的共沉淀为前驱物合成了铁饼状α-Fe2O3微粒, 探讨了各种因素如铝离子的掺杂浓度、反应温度以及催化剂Fe(II)离子用量等对合成铁饼状α-Fe2O3微粒的影响, 并对产物进行了X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、电子衍射(ED)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等表征, 研究了样品的热稳定性及磁性能. 结果表明: 初始pH值为9, nFe(II)/nFe(III)≤0.04, nAl/nFe(III)＝0.14、反应温度为100～140 ℃时, 可制备出铁饼状α-Fe2O3微粒. 尽管铝和铁均为三价且二者的氧化物均具有刚玉结构, 但因二者离子半径的差异而使α-Fe2O3晶胞参数因铝取代铁而减小, 其矫顽力和剩磁也因铝取代而发生变化. 电子衍射证明该方法合成的微粒为单晶粒子, 且具有较好的热稳定性.     

锈层对海水淡化一级反渗透产水中碳钢腐蚀行为的影响

采用扫描电镜(SEM)、红外光谱(IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)及电化学方法研究了碳钢在海水及海水淡化一级反渗透(RO)产水中锈层形态及其电化学特性.结果表明,碳钢在两种水体中形成的锈层在结构、成分及功能上具有显著差异,导致其腐蚀情况截然不同.海水淡化一级RO产水中,腐蚀产物γ-FeOOH的还原电位高于碳钢自腐蚀电位,易被还原成Fe3O4,使锈层形成Fe3O4内层及γ-FeOOH外层的双层结构.外锈层很薄,无阻碍氧扩散作用,且因γ-FeOOH的还原加快了腐蚀反应.Fe3O4内层具有良好导电性及Fe2+传递性,使氧还原反应从金属表面转移至内锈层表面进行;同时因其大阴极作用,显著促进了氧还原过程.由于锈层的上述作用,碳钢在一级RO产水中的腐蚀得到了极大加速,其腐蚀速率最终由溶液至内锈层之间的氧极限扩散电流密度决定.防腐方法应能抑制腐蚀产物γ-FeOOH的还原.     

Molecular orientation behavior of poly(vinyl chloride) as influenced by the nanoparticles and plasticizer during uniaxial film stretching in the rubbery stage

The structural evolution during uniaxial stretching of poly(vinyl chloride) films was studied using our real time spectral birefringence stretching machine. The effect of clay loading and the amount of plasticizer as well as the rate effects on the birefringence development and true mechanical response are presented with a final model summarizing the molecular phenomena during stretching. Mechano‐optical studies revealed that birefringence correlated with mechanical response (stress, strain, work) nonlinearly. This was primarily attributed to the preexisting strong network of largely amorphous chains connected via small crystallites that act as physical crosslinking points. These crystallites are not easily destroyed during the high‐speed stretching process as evidenced from the birefringence–true strain curves along with the X‐ray crystallinity measurements. At high speeds, the amorphous chains do not have enough time to relax and hence attain higher orientation levels. The crystallites, however, orient more efficiently when stretched at slow speeds. Apparently, some relaxation of the surrounding amorphous chains helps rotate the crystallites in the stretching direction. Overall birefringence is higher at high stretching speeds for a given true strain value. When the nanoparticles are incorporated, the orientation levels are increased significantly for both the crystalline and amorphous phases. Nanoplatelets increase the continuity of the network because they have strong interaction with the amorphous chains and/or crystallites. This in turn helps transfer the local stresses to the attached chains and increase the orientation levels of the chains. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 724–742, 2005     

龙涎香的组成及降龙涎醚的合成研究进展

简要介绍了龙涎香的应用及其化学组成,重点介绍了以香紫苏醇为原料,通过不同的氧化-还原-环化途径合成降龙涎醚。     

Kinetic Study of the Reduction of Bromate Ion by Tris(1,10-Phenanthroline)Iron(II) and Aquoiron(II) Ions — Implication for the Bromate-Gallic Acid Oscillating Reaction

The kinetics of the bromate oxidation of tris(1,10-phenanthroline)iron(II) (Fe(phen)₃²⁺) and aquoiron(II) (Fe²⁺ (aq)) have been studied in aqueous sulfuric acid solutions at μ = 1.0M and with Fe(II) complexes in great excess. The rate laws for both reactions generally can be described as -d [Fe(II)]/6dt = d[Br^?]/dt = k[Fe(II)] [BrO^?₃] for [H⁺]₀ = 0.428–1.00M. For [BrO^?₃]₀ = 1.00 × 10^?4M. [Fe²⁺]₀ = (0.724–1.45)x 10^?2 M, and [H⁺]₀ = 1.00M, k = 3.34 ± 0.37 M^?1s^?1 at 25°. For [BrO^?₃]₀ = (1.00–1.50) × 10^?4M, [Fe²⁺]₀ = 7.24 × 10^?3M ([phen]₀ = 0.0353M), and [H⁺]₀ = 1.00M, k = (4.40 ± 0.16) × 10^?2 M^?1s^?1 at 25°. Kinetic results suggest that the BrO^?₃-Fe²⁺ reaction proceeds by an inner-sphere mechanism while the BrO^?₃-Fe(phen)₃²⁺ reaction by a dissociative mechanism. The implication of these results for the bromate-gallic acid and other bromate oscillators is also presented.     

西印度蔗螟聚集信息素次要组份合成方法的改进

2-甲基-4-庚醇和2-甲基-4-辛醇是西印度蔗螟(Metamasiushemipterus)聚集信息素的次要组份，本文以天然产物(S)-亮氨酸为原料合成出了2-甲基-4-庚醇及2-甲基-4-辛醇的所有对映异构体，其关键步骤是由(2S)-4-甲基-1,2-戊二醇合成出(2S)和(2R)-4-甲基-1,2-环氧戊烷两种重要中间体，目标产物光学纯度可达95%以上。     

Stability of Sulfur(IV) Solutions in the Presence of Amines and the Tendency of Sulfite Ions to Disproportionate in Stock Solutions

Abstract

Several sulfite solutions at the level of 0.050 mol.L^?1 were kept at 25°C, in polyethylene flasks, in the presence and absence of air. The concentration of sulfite was periodically checked by the iodometric method. The presence of ethanolamine, ethylenediamine or tris(hydroximethyl)aminomethane, at 0.05 - 0.20 mol.L^?1 concentration levels, showed a remarkable stabilizing effect at pH values higher than 10.5. The amine ionization was supressed by the common ion effect by using OH^?, added as NaOH. The changes in the concentration of S(IV) solutions in the presence of amine were about 1 to 3 %, during the period of 85 days. The stabilizing effect depends only on the amine group and not on the mixed function alcohol/amine. It was shown that an adduct of R-NH₂.SO₂ type is not formed in aqueous medium. In the stock S(IV) solutions kept in highly alkaline medium a slow increase in pH was observed and disproportionation of sulfite ion was evidenced by formation of thiosulfate as revealed from ion chromatographic measurements. In the presence of oxygen dithionate ion is also formed.     

Investigation of the Addition of Benzenethiol to p-Chlorophenylphenylacetylene

The addition of benzenethiol to p-chlorophenylphenylacetylene results in the formation of a mixture of two pairs of diastereomeric (E)- and (Z)-1-p-chlorophenyl-2-phenyl-1-phenylthioethylenes (1 and 2) and (E)- and (Z)-1-p-chlorophenyl-2-phenyl-2-phenylthioethylenes (3 and 4). The configurations of these compounds have been established by ¹ H NMR studies, by their preparation from benzyl p-chlorophenyl ketone and p-chloro-benzylphenyl ketone, and by the oxidation of the thioethylenes 1, 2, 3, and 4 to the corresponding sulphonylethylenes 5, 6, 7, and 8, respectively.     

溶液中铝还原制备Ni-Fe合金纳米粉体及其还原过程

用多相合成方法, 以金属铝粉作还原剂还原FeSO₄·(NH₄)₂SO₄和NiSO₄·(NH₄)₂SO₄的混合溶液, 制备了Ni-Fe合金的钠米粉体, 并对反应的过程进行了讨论.     

The Solubility of Bis(cyclopentadienyl)samarium(II) and Implications for the Reaction of Samarium Metal with Bis(cyclopentadienyl)mercury(II)

Bis(cyclopentadienyl)samarium(II) has been shown to be insoluble in thf : ether mixtures, hence it cannot be isolated as a soluble product from the reaction of samarium with HgCp₂ in thf : ether.