KBrO3-CH3CH(NH2)CO2H-MnSO4-[Fe(phen)3]SO4-H2SO4体系的化学振荡反应

本文首次报道须在两种金属离子同时作用下的振荡反应─KBrO3-CH3CH(NH2)CO2H-MnSO4-[F3(phen)3]SO4-H2SO4体系的振荡反应, 对反应产物作了分析, 研究了两种金属离子在振荡反应中的不同作用, Mn^2^+起催化氧化丙氨酸以产生丙酮酸的作用, 而[Fe(phen)3]^2^+则是丙酮酸-BZ型反应的催化剂。研究了温度变化对振荡反应的影响, 从而得出振荡反应各阶段的有观活化能。考察了Cl^-、自由基抑制剂及反应物浓度对振荡反应的影响。实验证明, 振荡反应同时受Br^-及Br2的控制, 振荡机理与Br2^-水解控制模型相同。     

非缓冲介质中硫脲氧化的非线性动力学

研究了在非缓冲介质中高碘酸盐氧化硫脲的复杂反应动力学。实验结果表明：高碘酸盐氧化硫脲的非线性反应不但呈现多种不同的化学计量方程式,而且体系的pH、[I-]、[I2]及Pt电极电位呈现封闭条件下的准振荡和单峰振荡以及开放条件下的双稳态和衰减振荡行为。综合考虑硫价态与碘价态变化的各自非线性过程及相互耦合,提出了包含质子快速预平衡反应、碘化合物自身反应、碘化合物-硫化合物反应以及硫－硫反应的12步反应机理,模拟出了封闭体系中pH、[I-]以及[I2]的准振荡和单峰振荡以及开放体系中的双稳态行为。     

Fe(Ⅱ)-EDTA剪切DNA在悬汞电极上的电化学行为研究

在足迹图谱技术中,Fe(Ⅱ）-EDTA常被作为DNA断裂工具用于双链DNA的非特异性断裂^[1],因而Fe(Ⅱ）-EDTA作为核酸构象变化的探针及DNA－配体复合物分析的羟基自由基足迹试剂在生物化学、分子生物学和基因工程学等中获得广泛应用^[2]。虽然DNA在汞电极上的电化学行为研究报道较多^[3-7],但有关Fe(Ⅱ）-EDTA非特异性剪切DNA的电化学研究报道较少^[8-10]。本文对Fe(Ⅱ）-EDTA剪切DNA在悬汞电极上的电化学行为进行了初步研究。结果表明,由于Fe(Ⅱ）-EDTA对DNA的裂解作用,导致DNA的结构发生变化,使DNA在悬汞电极上的电化学行为发生变化,还原峰电流显著增大,因而用电化学方法研究DNA的裂解有望成为研究DNA结构变化的辅助手段。     

电沉积CuInSe2上H2O2阴极还原时的电化学振荡行为

用电沉积方法得到的CuInSe2薄膜在阴极还原H2O2时发现了周期性的电化学振荡现象, 并研究了极化电位对该振荡和行为的影响。循环伏安测试表明电流-电势曲线中存在"电流波", 电流突变区域具有负斜率性质。用交流阻抗法研究了振荡体系的阻抗变化, 发现在振荡电势区域体系存在负电阻和电感成分, 这反映出振荡机一是中可能存在吸附中间物和自催化反应。     

间歇釜中BZ类均相无机振荡反应的研究

在间歇釜中, 以BrO3^--H2PO2^--Mn^2^+-Fe(phen)3^2^+-H2SO4为体系, 本文首次设计了一个纯无机均相BZ类化学振荡体系, 采用溴离子选择性电极和紫外可见分光光度计可分别观察到[Br^-],[Mn^3^+]和[Fe(phen)3^3^+]的振荡现象。对振荡反应产物及总反应计量关系进行了分析, 考察了反应物浓度和反应温度对体系振荡反应的影响, 并由此计算得到振荡反应的表观活化能, 研究了Cl^-,Br^-, Br2, 丙烯腈等因素对振荡反应的影响, 并由此对振荡反应的控制机理作了探索。对体系中两种金属离子的作用进行了分析。在此基础上提出了一种在间歇釜中设计均相BZ类振荡反应的新方法。利用这一方法, 不仅可以设计无机振荡反应, 而且还可以设计一系列由氨基酸、多肽、糖类等具有生物功能的物质参与的化学振荡, 有助于理解生物体内普遍存在的周期性现象。     

KBrO3-CH3CH(NH2)CO2H-MnSO4-[Fe(phen)3]SO4-H2SO4体系的化学振荡反应

本文首次报道须在两种金属离子同时作用下的振荡反应——KBrO_3-CH_3CH(NH_2)CO_2H-MnSO_4-[Fe(phen)_3]SO_2-H_2SO_4体系的振荡反应,对反应产物作了分析,研究了两种金属离子在振荡反应中的不同作用,Mn~(2+)起催化氧化丙氨酸以产生丙酮酸的作用,而[Fe(phen)_3]~(2+)则是丙酮酸-BZ型反应的催化剂.研究了温度变化对振荡反应的影响,从而得出振荡反应各阶段的表观活化能.考察了Cl~-、自由基抑制剂及反应物浓度对振荡反应的影响.实验证明,振荡反应同时受Br~-及Br_2的控制,振荡机理与Br_2-水解控制模型相同.     

菁类染料敏化的固态纳米TiO2光电化学电池

染料敏化TiO2光电化学电池具有较高的能量转换效率,价格仅为传统单晶硅太阳能电池的1／10,成为半导体光电化学领域的研究热点^[1-4]。但该类电池内的电解液可流动,造成电池密封困难,限制其实用化。针对这一问题,采用无机p-型半导体材料^[5,6]和高分子导体等电解液替代物组装固态光电化学电池成为该领域的新的研究方向^[7-9]。我们^[10]用凝胶网络高分子电解质组装成固态电池,取得了令人满意的结果。电池中原使用的敏化剂是顺二硫氰根－双（2,2′－联吡啶－4,4′－二羧酸）合钌（Ⅱ）(cis-bis)(thiocyanato)bis(2,2′-bipyridyl-4,4′-dicarboxylate)ruthenium(Ⅱ）,其价格昂贵,合成路线复杂。本文用自合成的、价格低廉的纯有机不对称菁类染料（Cyanine dye,以下简称为CD）敏化TiO2电极和基于聚氧乙烯（PEO）的凝胶网络高分子电解质组装成固态电池,并研究了所得固态电池的光电转换性能。     

铜(Ⅱ)邻菲咯啉蛋氨酸配合物与DNA相互作用的研究

在pH=6．86磷酸盐缓冲溶液中，采用电化学(循环伏安法、微分脉冲伏安法和 交流阻抗及数据拟合技术)、粘度测定、电子吸收光谱和溴化乙锭(EB)荧光分析法 研究了[Cu(phen)(H2O)(L—Met)]^+(phen＝1，10-邻菲咯琳，L—Met=L-蛋氨酸)与 小牛胸腺DNA的相互作用。结果发现中心铜离子在循环伏安图上呈现1对明显的准可 逆氧化还原波。当加入一定量的DNA时，配合物的氧化还原峰电流明显降低，扩散 系数减小，电化学反应电阻增大，电子光谱的最大吸收峰明显红移，产生明显的减 色效应，同时，配合物也能较大程度地猝灭EB-DNA体系的荧光，说明[Cu(phen) (H2O)(L—Met)]^+与DNA的作用较强，作用模式为部分插入作用。     

丝氨酸-BrO^-~3-Mn^2^+-H2SO4体系振荡反应的研究

首次报道了间歇釜中以丝氨酸(Ser)-BrO^-~3-Mn^2^+-H2SO4为体系(简称Ser-BZ体系)的新型BZ类振荡反应,其特征如下：(1)虽然Ser不能发生溴代反应,但即使在无丙酮或惰性气体流时也能在间歇釜中观察到持续振荡;(2)振荡诱导期极短(～0),振荡次数较少(<11次);(3)振荡反应受到Cl^-,Br^-,丙烯腈等的抑制;但当加入足够量Ag^+使[Br^-]的振荡抑制后,仍可在Pt电极上观察到振荡现象。根据上述特征和反应产物分析,推测Ser-BZ振荡反应可能是自由基-控制模型,而非Br^--控制模型。加入适量丙酮可诱导连续振荡反应,归因于两种控制模型的共存。通过对Mn^3^+-Ser和BrO^-~3-Mn^2^+反应的动力学研究,并结合FKN机理,对Ser-BZ振荡反应机理进行了初步讨论。     

对氨基苯甲酸BZ反应体系分区振荡行为的研究

分区振荡（也被称为双振荡，dual－frequencyoscillation）现象是封闭反应体系中发现的一种较为特殊的振荡现象，FKN机理[1]和OKN机理[2]都不能很好地解释这种振荡行为，Forsterling等曾提出了自由基控制机制[3,4]；Srivastava等则认为高、低频区均为溴控机制[5]．目前，这一问题还没有确切结论．本文报导了对氨基苯甲酸BZ反应体系中的分区振荡行为，并对分区振荡的机理作了一些探讨．1实验以对氨基苯甲酸－KBrO3－H2SO4的振荡反应作为研究体系，反应在带夹会的封闭玻璃反应器中进行，由恒温措恒温；自制Pt电极和216型Ag电极作x作电…     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.