表面增强拉曼光谱对于蛋白质二级结构的酰胺Ⅲ谱带表征（英文）

本文利用斜角沉积法制备银纳米棒阵列基底用于蛋白质二级结构的检测,结合酰胺Ⅲ谱带光谱分析,建立了一种基于表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)蛋白质二级结构的表征方法.用这种方法获得了两种典型蛋白质(溶菌酶和细胞色素C)的SERS信号.通过分析蛋白质骨架酰胺Ⅲ的光谱,研究了浓度对蛋白质折叠状态的影响.结果表明在一定范围内随着浓度的增加,溶菌酶的α-螺旋结构和β-折叠结构成分增加,而细胞色素C的二级结构基本保持不变.     

面粉中蛋白质二级结构的红外光谱研究

测定了不同温度下面粉蛋白质酰胺Ⅲ带的一维红外光谱,二阶导数红外光谱和去卷积红外光谱。研究发现:随着测定温度的升高,面粉蛋白质中的α-螺旋结构的、β-转角结构、无规卷曲结构和β-折叠结构红外吸收强度均有所增加。进一步研究了面粉蛋白质酰胺Ⅲ带的二维红外光谱。研究发现:随着测定温度的升高,面粉中蛋白质酰胺Ⅲ带的红外吸收强度变化快慢趋势是:1312cm-1(α-螺旋结构)1285cm-1(β-转角结构)1260cm-1(无规卷曲结构)1229cm-1(β-折叠结构)。     

表面增强拉曼光谱法无标记检测蛋白质

蛋白质是生物体细胞和组织的主要组成部分,它通过形成一定的空间结构与其他分子作用而发挥功能。然而,受实验技术方法的限制我们对生物体中蛋白结构的认识非常有限。表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)具有超高灵敏度,能够通过提供原子间相互作用的指纹图谱检测蛋白质的结构。我们实验室最近设计了一种新的SERS检测方法:用铝离子诱导银纳米粒子聚合产生热点,用于核酸结构的研究首次观察到了结构特征峰。在这个工作中,我们采用相同的纳米粒子对5种蛋白质(牛血清白蛋白、细胞色素C、肌红蛋白、过氧化氢酶、溶菌酶)进行SERS定量分析。信号增强效果比传统聚合体提高了约100倍,而且有较高的重现性。五种蛋白质的检出限可低至0.03ng·mL~(-1)。因此,我们相信该方法在蛋白分析中广泛应用前景。     

银纳米颗粒对溶菌酶纤维化影响的浓度效应（英文）

纳米颗粒对蛋白质淀粉纤维化过程的影响机制对扩大其在生物学诊断和纳米药物应用中起到至关重要的作用.在本研究中,通过拉曼光谱结合原子力显微镜和硫磺素T荧光光谱实验研究不同浓度银纳米颗粒条件下的溶菌酶淀粉纤维化过程.利用四个具有代表性的拉曼光谱指标在分子水平上监测蛋白质的三级结构和二级结构的转化过程,如:Trp费米共振双峰(1340 cm~(-1)和1360 cm~(-1)),二硫键伸缩振动峰(507 cm~(-1)),N-Cα-C伸缩振动峰(933 cm~(-1)),以及酰胺Ⅰ谱带.结果证实银纳米颗粒对溶菌酶淀粉样纤维化动力学的浓度依赖性影响.在存在低浓度(17μg/mL)银纳米颗粒的情况下,纳米颗粒的静电相互作用可以稳定蛋白质的二硫键,并保护疏水残基(如:Trp残基)不易暴露于亲水环境中,从而导致形成无规则聚集体而不是原纤维.然而,在高浓度(1700μg/mL)银纳米颗粒的情况下,大量银纳米颗粒之间静电相互作用的竞争将导致溶菌酶自然二硫键的断裂,并形成Ag-S键.银纳米颗粒为蛋白质提供了相互作用的功能表面,在蛋白质α螺旋结构直接转变为有组织的β折叠结构中起到了桥梁的作用.本研究揭示了银纳米颗粒对鸡蛋清溶菌酶淀粉纤维化过程动力学的争议作用.     

重组人B淋巴细胞刺激因子的激光拉曼光谱

人B淋巴细胞刺激因子(BAFF)是一种由285个氨基酸组成的Ⅱ型跨膜蛋白质,我们测试了重组的人B淋巴细胞刺激因子(r-BAFF)固体粉末和水溶液的拉曼光谱,通过分析酰胺Ⅰ和酰胺Ⅲ的拉曼特征谱带,判断出重组的人B淋巴细胞刺激因子(r-BAFF)固体粉末状态下构象全为β-折叠结构和β-回转结构,而在水溶液中的二级结构主要仍为β-折叠结构和β-回转结构,另外可能有少量的α-螺旋结构。同时对其侧链构象及环境也做了初步分析。     

银纳米颗粒对溶菌酶纤维化影响的浓度效应

纳米颗粒对蛋白质淀粉纤维化过程的影响机制对扩大其在生物学诊断和纳米药物应用中起到至关重要的作用. 在本研究中,通过拉曼光谱结合原子力显微镜和硫磺素T荧光光谱实验研究不同浓度银纳米颗粒条件下的溶菌酶淀粉纤维化过程. 利用四个具有代表性的拉曼光谱指标在分子水平上监测蛋白质的三级结构和二级结构的转化过程,如：Trp费米共振双峰(1340 cm^-1和1360 cm^{-1-1-1相似文献}   

拉曼除谱原位测量水溶液中蛋白质的酰胺A谱带

蛋白质的酰胺A谱带对蛋白质的酰胺氢键结构很敏感. 然而由于该谱带和水的OH伸缩振动谱带严重重叠,导致在蛋白质水溶液中原位测量酰胺A谱带依旧很困难. 我们提出了一种新的分析方法用于原位测量水溶液中的酰胺A谱带. 这个方法称为拉曼除谱法. 将蛋白质水溶液光谱除以纯水光谱即可获得拉曼除谱. 利用数值模拟从数学上肯定了使用拉曼除谱可以直接获得酰胺A谱带. 我们还通过测量溶菌酶和α-糜蛋白酶的固体和水溶液的拉曼光谱,这些光谱也证实了可以通过拉曼除谱法直接获取酰胺A谱带. 利用拉曼除谱还分析了溶菌酶的热变性过程. 这些研究表明拉曼除谱可以原位地表征水溶液中的蛋白质酰胺A谱带.     

莲子蛋白组分二级结构的研究

对莲子蛋白质进行了Osborne蛋白质分类。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)对清蛋白、球蛋白、醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白进行二级结构分析。应用去卷积和曲线拟合方法对四种蛋白组分的酰胺Ⅰ和Ⅲ带进行分析,清蛋白和球蛋白之间以及醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白之间各相应子峰峰位和二级结构峰面积百分比差异较小,但前两者各相应子峰峰位与后两者略有差异;而前两者各相应二级结构峰面积百分比与后两者有较大差异,特别是前两者的各相应有序结构(α-螺旋+β-折叠)峰面积的百分比明显大于后两者。用0.1 mol.L-1NaCl溶液提取的球蛋白和清蛋白有序结构含量均在55%左右,而醇或碱提的醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白的有序结构含量仅为40%左右,盐提的蛋白质二级结构有序性和稳定性更高。     

蜂王浆不同贮存条件下蛋白质二级结构的Fourier变换红外光谱研究

蜂王浆的质量与贮存时间和温度相关。测定了在不同温度下经过不同时间贮存后的蜂王浆Fourier变换红外光谱,应用去卷积和曲线拟合方法对蜂王浆的酰胺Ⅰ带进行分析,以期得到其蛋白质二级结构的组成。结果表明：这些蜂王浆之间存在明显而有规律的光谱差异,蛋白质二级结构的组成之间也存在显著差异。随着贮存时间增加和温度升高,蜂王浆蛋白质二级结构的α-螺旋和β-折叠分别显著减少和增加,β-转角也有增加的趋势,其变化幅度为28 ℃＞16 ℃＞4 ℃＞-18 ℃。这些结果与蜂王浆应该低温保存的理论相符。FTIR红外光谱结合去卷积、二阶导数和曲线拟合方法是评价蜂王浆品质和新鲜度的一种有效方法。     

Infrared Absorption Intensity Analysis as a New Tool for Investigation of Salt Effect on Proteins

通过观测红外光谱的强度变化研究了在不同温度下盐离子对谷氨酸和三种水溶性蛋白质(细胞色素C、DsbC和DsbC-G49R)的影响. 证实了Onsager反应场理论. 区分并且定义了随温度变化的蛋白质盐效应盐溶过程和解离过程. 同时利用Van't Hoff关系式对实验结果进行线性拟合,获得了蛋白质及其二级结构在上述两个过程中的热力学常数.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Research on beamforming method for dual-line array with space mismatch between the two line arrays

The performance of port/starboard discrimination of dual-line array will be seriously degraded when the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. The directivity function of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is deduced and the port/starboard discrimination of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is also studied both under the ideal status and the status under which the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. Analysis results show the delay-subtract beamforming has better performance of port/starboard discrimination. At last, the sea trial results demonstrate the theoretical results.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.