气体体积粘性对二维环形激波聚焦的影响

基于体积粘性系数ζ的分子运动论和连续介质理论,对二维环形激波聚焦（马赫数Ma=2.0）的体积粘性效应进行数值研究,结果表明：对于热完全气体,体积粘性使得激波汇聚中心点处的压力减小、温度增加、密度减小,聚焦点物理参数的改变量分别可达20%、10%、30%,体积粘性效应对环形激波聚焦的影响是不可忽略的;与转动模态相比,在振动模态下环形激波聚焦的体积粘性效应更为明显,因为激波聚焦点附近的体积粘性应力ζ▽·V与热力学压力p达到同一数量级,从而显著改变了流动参数.     

零重力点热源马兰戈尼FTM数值模拟

采用界面跟踪法FTM(Front-Tracking Method), 研究点热源流场中由Marangoni效应引起的液滴运动。模拟不同的Marangoni(Ma)数下液滴的运动。研究发现液滴运动速度先迅速增大到稳定迁移速度, 而后下降, 在t=1.2时出现反转, 速度随Ma数的增加而增加。液滴内部存在与Hill球涡相同的回流。随着Ma数的增大, Hill球涡进行分裂, 且涡旋中心有轻微的移动。同时温度场末端拓扑结构出现两次分叉。第一次分叉出现在下临界Ma数, 最低温度点由滞止点跳进液滴内部; 第二次分叉出现在上临界Ma数, 内部的壳型冷却区从中心点破裂, 出现一个环面型冷却区。     

叶轮机械中考虑气体粘性的激波关系

叶轮机械中考虑气体粘性的激波关系黄修乾，徐建中（中国科学院工程热物理研究所北京１０００８０）关键词激波关系，叶轮机械，粘性流动，三维流动１引言随着叶轮机械叶尖速度和负荷的提高，其内部空间激波及激波／边界层相互作用对性能的影响更加显著。就激波／边界层相...     

湍流模型在复杂流场数值模拟中的应用

采用4种湍流模型:代数Baldwin Lomax(B-L)模型、半方程Johnson King(J-K)模型的两个版本(J-K90A和J K92)以及两方程k-g模型,分别数值模拟了导弹超音速流动、NASATND-712标模和民机翼身组合体(两区C-O网格)跨音速流动.采用中心有限体积和多步Runge-Kutta方法数值积分三维可压缩雷诺平均Navier-Stokes(N-S)方程组.k-g湍流模型方程的求解采用类似于N-S方程组的方法进行.所有湍流模型均能很好地模拟附体及小分离流动;对于大攻角、分离剧烈的导弹流动,k-g和J-K92模型与实验吻合更好;B-L模型在模拟民机跨音速流动时,它所捕捉的激波位置较其余3种模型靠后.利用多块网格模拟民机翼身组合体流场时,k-g模型的模拟能力强于其余3种模型.     

液滴撞击液膜的流热耦合界面追踪方法数值模拟

采用界面追踪方法研究蒸馏过程中液滴撞击高温薄液膜的流动和传热特性，将数值结果与解析解和实验进行比较验证模型的正确性，研究气液界面和热流分布的演变过程.同时，分析液滴We数和无量纲液膜厚度对传热的影响.液滴撞击后的热流密度分布显示：液膜可分为撞击区、过渡区和静态区.由于液滴的撞击作用，强制对流是撞击区内主要的传热机制.增大液滴的韦伯数或减小无量纲液膜厚度会加强热量传递.随着液滴韦伯数的增加，冲击引起的扰动增强，在动量和能量共同作用下，平均热流密度明显增大，撞击区冠状水花越明显.无量纲液膜厚度越小，平均热流密度越大，且有更长的时间保持高热流密度换热.     

粘性物质中正激波稳定性分析

用线性稳定性理论,分析粘性物质中的正激波稳定性问题.粘性物质中任意强度的一维激波,其稳定性问题可归结为处理复数范围内的特征值问题,该特征值问题由两个一阶常微分方程及一个二阶常微分方程构成.这些常微分方程的系数依赖于流动的基本流场的物理量及其梯度.所获得的特征值问题由一个四阶精度的有限差分离散求解.分析考虑物质粘性的金属铝中的正激波稳定性,可以看出,正激波运动是稳定的,并且激波速度对波前和波后的小扰动量的衰减有相反的作用,而物质粘性有致稳的作用.     

基于流动显示的压缩拐角流动结构定量研究

在Ma = 3.0的超声速风洞中, 采用NPLS技术对上游边界层为层流的25° 压缩拐角进行了流动显示实验, 获得了压缩拐角的精细流动结构, 边界层、剪切层和激波等结构清晰可见. 基于流动显示数据, 采用间歇性、空间相关性和分形分析对流动结构进行了定量研究, 计算了边界层和分离区的间歇因子分布, 获取了边界层中拟序结构和结构角的大小, 给出了边界层分形维数的分布, 并与Ringuette和Bookey等的实验结果进行比较, 阐述了压缩拐角流动结构的定量特征.     

低速流动的预处理多重网格求解

本文采用预处理的时间推进方法,求解可压形式的Euler/Navier-Stokes方程,数值模拟低马赫数范围内的无粘、粘性流动.为了进一步加速收敛,并使用了多重网格技术.计算表明预处理能够保持可压缩求解方法在高速时的收敛特征,对于低速流动计算可以加速收敛并提高精度.     

高超声速飞行器气体辐射噪声计算方法

高超声速飞行器周围的激波层内高温气体会发生剧烈的物理化学变化,伴随强烈的光辐射过程,直接影响红外导引头的光学成像效果。采用流体力学Navier-Stokes方程和热化学非平衡模型模拟高温非平衡流动,考虑电子跃迁和振转跃迁以窄带法求解气体辐射特性参数,基于有限体积法离散辐射传输方程,在分别验证流场解算、辐射参数求解和辐射传输计算的基础上,进行了飞行器高速飞行的流动和辐射模拟。数值求解得到了飞行器流场特征和粒子数空间分布。计算的选定波长范围内的气体辐射发射系数空间分布显示其与激波形状和波后气体温度分布相似。通过传输得到的飞行器光学窗口视线路径上的气体辐射噪声成轴对称分布,发现辐射噪声和飞行速度、气体成分等密切相关,马赫数增加时气体辐射噪声显著增强。     

跨音速涡轮静叶上端壁结构对动叶顶部气动换热特性的影响

本文通过求解三维Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS)和Spalart-Allmaras紊流模型数值研究了跨音速涡轮静叶上端壁结构对动叶顶部气动换热特性的影响。数值预测得到的动叶中径处压力分布与实验数据吻合良好,从而验证了该数值方法的可靠性。本文研究结果表明:静叶上端壁结构对动叶顶部前缘处的流动换热特性有显著影响,对靠近尾缘处的流动换热没有影响;静叶端壁为S型上端壁时叶顶平均换热流密度要低于采用常规端壁,且通流效率高于采用常规端壁;靠近尾缘区域的流动换热特性受间隙内斜激波的影响显著,由于斜激波和叶顶表面边界层的相互作用及斜激波在叶顶表面和端壁面之间的反射,导致靠近尾缘处的叶顶表面存在条状分布的高热流密度区域。     

局域能量注入对高超声速进气道流动影响研究

研究了局域能量脉冲注入条件下高超声速进气道流场的扰动情况。数值模拟采用三维雷诺平均N-S方程,分别利用ROE格式和二阶中心格式对对流通量和粘性通量进行离散处理;用高斯-赛德尔隐式格式对方程进行时间推进求解,采用k-ε两方程模型用于湍流的数值模拟。开展了高超风洞平板流场能量注入实验,获取了高速纹影图像,并对实验结果与计算结果进行比较。研究表明,能量注入产生的冲击波能与高超流动产生的斜激波发生强烈干扰,脉冲能量的引入可能引起高超声速进气道流量俘获率产生剧烈震荡,从而导致进气道流场的性能急剧下降。     

二维三温辐射(磁)流体力学拉氏计算中的人工粘性分裂技术

针对使用边粘性和张量粘性进行二维三温辐射(磁)流体力学拉氏计算时激波处离子温度出现非物理尖峰的问题,提出一种人工粘性分裂技术,将人工粘性耗散能量按照电子压和离子压的比分成两部分,并分别加在电子内能和离子内能上.在二维三温辐射磁流体力学程序MARED上实现该技术,并对Z-pinch的内爆动力学过程进行数值模拟.消除了模拟结果中激波处离子温度的尖峰.     

Wavy film flow down a vertical plate: Comparisons between the results of integral approaches and full-scale computations

This paper is devoted to a theoretical analysis of nonlinear two-dimensional waves using the Navier-Stokes equations in their full statement. Steady-state travelling wave regimes have been found and an analysis of their linear stability has been carried out. It is shown that the flow regimes obtained using the Navier-Stokes equations are qualitatively different from the solutions of Shkadov’s integral approach starting from some values of the Kapitza number. It is also found that the wave regimes of the Navier-Stokes equations have an internal vortex at moderate Reynolds numbers. The results obtained using “the regularized integral model” are in excellent agreement with the Navier-Stokes calculations for Re/Ka ≤2. Unlike the solutions found using an integral approach, it is shown that only a few types of nonlinear waves exist when the full Navier-Stokes equations are considered. The text was submitted by the author in English.     

非结构网格下非定常流场双时间步长的加权ENO-强紧致杂交高分辨率格式

针对三维非定常、可压缩流场的Navier-Stokes方程组,本文提出一种新的双时间步长高精度快速迭代格式。该格式在时间上具有二阶精度,在空间离散上不低于三阶。在对流项与粘性项的处理上,本格式分别采用了加权ENO-强紧致格式与紧致四阶精度格式的思想。几个典型算例的实践表明:计算结果与相关实验数据比较吻合,初步表明了该算法可以在非结构网格下具有高效率与高分辨率的特征。     

Numerical study of flow and heat transfer from a torus placed in a uniform flow

Forced convection heat transfer characteristics of a torus (maintained at a constant temperature) immersed in a streaming fluid normal to the plane of the torus are studied numerically. The governing equations, namely, continuity, momentum and thermal energy in toroidal coordinate system, are solved using a finite difference method over ranges of parameters (aspect ratio of torus, 1.4 ≤ Ar ≤ 20; Reynolds number, 20 ≤ Re ≤ 40; Prandtl number, 0.7 ≤ Pr ≤ 10). Over the ranges of parameters considered herein, the nature of flow is assumed to be steady. In particular, numerical results elucidating the influence of Reynolds number, Prandtl number and aspect ratio on the isotherm patterns, local and average Nusselt numbers for the constant temperature (on the surface of the torus) boundary condition. As expected, at large aspect ratio the flow pattern and heat transfer are similar to the case of flow and heat transfer over a single circular cylinder.     

激波内部的导热问题

本文从实际气体有粘流的激波厚度解,用分子运动论讨论了激波内部导热问题,并且通过重组范诺流和瑞利流的选加提出了激波中导热问题的物理模型和相应的定态激波非平衡态不可逆过程的模型。证明了激波是一种负熵流波,是依靠激波波速输运热流的热波。     

Effects of variable properties on MHD heat and mass transfer flow near a stagnation point towards a stretching sheet in a porous medium with thermal radiation

The effect of variable viscosity and thermal conductivity on steady magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) heat and mass transfer flow of viscous and incompressible fluid near a stagnation point towards a permeable stretching sheet embedded in a porous medium are presented,taking into account thermal radiation and internal heat genberation/absorbtion.The stretching velocity and the ambient fluid velocity are assumed to vary linearly with the distance from the stagnation point.The Rosseland approximation is used to describe the radiative heat flux in the energy equation.The governing fundamental equations are first transformed into a system of ordinary differential equations using a scaling group of transformations and are solved numerically by using the fourth-order Rung-Kutta method with the shooting technique.A comparison with previously published work has been carried out and the results are found to be in good agreement.The results are analyzed for the effect of different physical parameters,such as the variable viscosity and thermal conductivity,the ratio of free stream velocity to stretching velocity,the magnetic field,the porosity,the radiation and suction/injection on the flow,and the heat and mass transfer characteristics.The results indicate that the inclusion of variable viscosity and thermal conductivity into the fluids of light and medium molecular weight is able to change the boundary-layer behavior for all values of the velocity ratio parameter λ except for λ = 1.In addition,the imposition of fluid suction increases both the rate of heat and mass transfer,whereas fluid injection shows the opposite effect.     

Peristaltic Flow of Shear Thinning Fluid via Temperature-Dependent Viscosity and Thermal Conductivity

In this paper Williamson fluid is taken into account to study its peristaltic flow with heat effects. The study is carried out in a wave frame of reference for symmetric channel. Analysis of heat transfer is accomplished by accounting the effects of non-constant thermal conductivity and viscosity and viscous dissipation. Modeling of fundamental equations is followed by the construction of closed form solutions for pressure gradient, stream function and temperature while assuming Reynold's number to be very low and wavelength to be very long. Double perturbation technique is employed, considering Weissenberg number and variable fluid property parameter to be very small. The effects of emerging parameters on pumping, trapping, axial pressure gradient, heat transfer coefficient, pressure rise, velocity profile and temperature are analyzed through the graphical representation. A direct relation is observed between temperature and thermal conductivity whereas the indirect proportionality with viscosity. The heat transfer coefficient is lower for a fluid with variable thermal conductivity and variable viscosity as compared to the fluid with constant thermal conductivity and constant viscosity.     

Numerical simulation of an energy deposition zone in quiescent air and in a supersonic flow under the conditions of interaction with a normal shock

The potential of using the Euler equations to numerically simulate the evolution of localized energy deposition zones interacting with a normal shock in quiescent air and in a supersonic channel flow is demonstrated. Simulation results are compared with available experimental data for an optical discharge in quiescent air and with results calculated for a supersonic flow using the Navier-Stokes equations with allowance for real gas effects. The possibility of predicting gasdynamic effects using the T- and q-models of energy deposition for perfect gas is justified. The variation of the gasdynamic structure and flow parameters near an energy deposition zone developing in a quiescent medium and interacting with a normal shock is analyzed in detail for different energy deposition powers.     

激波冲击火焰的流动拓扑研究

为深入研究激波冲击火焰现象的内在机制,采用二维带化学反应的Navier-Stokes方程对现象进行数值研究,通过对速度梯度张量特征方程的分析证明Okubo-Weiss函数适用于可压缩流动,并重点分析火焰区的流动拓扑特性.结果表明,波后火焰区内Okubo-Weiss函数积分量基本守恒,但在火焰区内部和表面具有截然不同的流动状态,且火焰发展基本不受流场可压缩性的影响;波后火焰区的流动拓扑分类主要以焦点和鞍点为主,意味着流场中变形占主导.