浅谈数学模型的多样性

1数学建模与数学模型简介 “数学建模”是指根据人们的需要针对实际问题组建数学模型的过程．“高中数学课程应提供基本内容的实际背景，反映数学的应用价值，开展‘数学建模’的学习活动，设立体现数学某些重要应用的专题课程．”那么，什么是数学模型呢？在进行科学探索和生产生活等社会实践的过程中，人们常常这样去做：当直接解决某个实际问题有困难或很复杂时，     

“数学实验课程”教学初探

本文论述了开设“数学实验”课的必要性和紧迫性；分析了“数学实验”课与其他相关课程的差别和联系；最后，提出了开设“数学实验”课的设想．     

集合与函数概念

集合是现代数学的基本语言,它是后继学习过程中准确、简洁地表达数学内容的基础．函数是描述客观世界变化规律的重要数学模型,函数思想将贯穿高中数学课程的始终．     

高中数学课程中的《球面几何》

《球面几何》是《普通高中数学课程标准（实验）》（以下简称《标准》）系列3中的一个专题．诚如《标准》在“课程的基本理念”中指出：“必修系列课程是为了满足所有学生的共同需求，选修系列课程是为了满足学生的不同数学需求，它仍然是学生发展所需要的基础性数学课程．”《标准》在“关于课程设置的说明”中指出：系列3和系列4是为对数学有兴趣和希望进一步提高数学素养的学生而设置的，[第一段]     

对高中数学课程中"双基"问题的几点认识

近几年来，随着新课程改革的兴起，计算机技术和现代信息技术迅猛发展以及数学技术的广泛应用，“双基”概念又赋予了新的内涵．高中数学课程标准，着重强调了要与时俱进地认识“双基”，指出在拓宽“双基”的范畴同时，削减了传统意义下的“双基”内容．然而无论课程改革如何进行，“双基”始终是高中数学教学的核心内容，更是我国数学教学的立足与发展之本．因此在新课程理念下，如何给高中数学“双基”教学重新定位，以恰当的方式加以实践是值得研究的重要课题．     

创造性数学任务的特征与实例——与新课程实施者的对话

新一轮基础教育课程改革以培养学生创新精神和实践能力为焦点，提出教材的编写应强调课程内容的价值和有用性，给学生留有更多空间，以利于创造性思维的发展．教学“不只是课程传递和执行的过程，而更是课程创造与开发的过程．”教师与学生都是“课程的有机构成部分”、“课程的创造者和主体”．教师应结合实际，与学生“共同参与课程开发的过程”，“对教材所给定的内容进行变革与创新，将‘给定内容’转化为‘自己的课程’”．那么，在数学教学中，教师如何体现上述精神并进行创造性课程的开发，以实现培养学生创造力的宗旨？本文旨在对这一问题进行探索．我们的焦点是数学任务，这是由于目前在一些国家的教学研究中普遍流行一种观点，即任务是沟通教师教和学生学的桥梁，是课程材料的具体体现形式．教学任务形成了学生学习的基础，它通过将学生的注意引导到课程内容的特定方面，并详细指明处理信息的过程对学生的学习和思维产生着实质性的影响．我们首先从理论上探讨学校数学中创造力的含义与特征；其次分析影响创造力发展的因素；最后探讨创造性数学任务的特征和实例．     

《信息安全与密码》教学构思及评价设想

教育部于2003年4月颁布的《普通高中数学课程标准(实验)》(以下简称“课标”)中，高中数学课程分为必修和选修课程．其中必修课程由5个模块组成：选修课程有4个系列，其中系列1、系列2由若干模块组成，系列3、系列4由若干专题组成．根据课程设置说明，“系列3不作为高校选拔考试的内容”，因而如何对系列3的内容进行教学和评价，     

日本中学数学教材中的"课题学习"

“课题学习”是日本在“问题解决”的影响下，结合本国实际情况提出来的，并于1989年作为中学数学教学内容写进了中学数学学习指导要领(相当中国的数学教学大纲)．现在“课题学习”几乎成为日本中学数学教育的主流，深受广大教师和学生的欢迎．根据日本数学教育学会和教育课程研究委员会对全国教师的调查表明：赞成“课题学习”的约占90％．     

从一道历史名题谈数学建模的教学

数学建模是运用数学思想、方法和知识解决实际问题的过程，已经成为不同层次数学教育重要和基本的内容．《普通高中数学课程标准（实验）》指出“数学探究、数学建模、数学文化是贯穿于整个高中数学课程的重要内容，这些内容不单独设置，渗透在每个模块或专题中．高中阶段至少各应安排一次较为完整的数学探究、数学建模活动．”     

浅谈“线性代数”教学中的美育

发掘并分析“线性代数”课程中教学内容的简洁美、统一美和奇异美，倡导在教学过程中，重视揭示教学内容的美学因素，指出加强“线性代数”教学中的美育，有利于培育学生形成良好的知识结构和提高思维的概括性．     

关于微积分课程教学的思考与建议

微积分是高等教育中非数学专业学生的一门非常重要的必修基础课,本文从作者的教学实践出发,提出了关于该课程教学的几点思考与建议．     

Pre-service science teachers’ perceptions of mathematics courses in a science teacher education programme1

Most science departments offer compulsory mathematics courses to their students with the expectation that students can apply their experience from the mathematics courses to other fields of study, including science. The current study first aims to investigate the views of pre-service science teachers of science-teaching preparation degrees and their expectations regarding the difficulty level of mathematics courses in science-teaching education programmes. Second, the study investigates changes and the reasons behind the changes in their interest regarding mathematics after completing these courses. Third, the current study seeks to reveal undergraduate science teachers’ opinions regarding the contribution of undergraduate mathematics courses to their professional development. Being qualitative in nature, this study was a case study. According to the results, almost all of the students considered that undergraduate mathematics courses were ‘difficult’ because of the complex and intensive content of the courses and their poor background mathematical knowledge. Moreover, the majority of science undergraduates mentioned that mathematics would contribute to their professional development as a science teacher. On the other hand, they declared a negative change in their attitude towards mathematics after completing the mathematics courses due to continuous failure at mathematics and their teachers’ lack of knowledge in terms of teaching mathematics.     

Learning activities and discourses in mathematics teachers’ synchronous oral communication online

There is increasing interest in the provision of online professional development (OPD) for teachers. This case study contributes to the field of research on professional development in the context of activities and discourses relating to mathematics teachers’ synchronous oral communication online. The purpose of this article is to explore the activities on offer in this communication and to identify the discourses that mathematics teachers may create in their meaning-making activities. An analysis of an online community in the form of a professional development course for mathematics teachers has, therefore, been conducted. The analysis shows that there is a lack of reciprocal participation and a shortcoming in creating a reflective learning environment, which can probably be partly explained by the specific mode of digital conversation. The discourses created by the mathematics teachers in their meaning-making activities focused mainly on sharing experiences about the teaching of mathematics.     

林业院校数学教学中存在的问题与思考

分析了现行林业院校数学教学中存在的主要问题 ,认为合理地设置数学课程和学时数是保证教学质量的前提 ,开设数学实验课和建立数学实践教学基地是培养学生应用数学能力的主要手段 .加强师资队伍建设、开展教研活动和学术交流及采用多媒体辅助教学能促进教学水平的提高 .     

How some research mathematicians and statisticians use proof in undergraduate mathematics

The paper examines the roles and purposes of proof mentioned by university research faculty when reflecting on their own teaching and teaching at their institutions. Interview responses from 14 research mathematicians and statisticians who also teach are reported. The results suggest there is a great deal of variation in the role and purpose of proof in and among mathematics courses and that factors such as the course title, audience, and instructor influence this variation. The results also suggest that, for this diverse group, learning how to prove theorems is the most prominent role of proof in upper division undergraduate mathematics courses and that this training is considered preparation for graduate mathematics studies. Absent were responses discussing proof's role in preparing K-12 mathematics teachers. Implications for a proof and proving landscape for school mathematics are discussed.     

A Multi‐Method Investigation of Mathematics Motivation for Elementary Age Students

This paper presents the results of a multi‐method study examining elementary students with high self‐reported levels of mathematics motivation. Second‐ through fifth‐grade students at a Title One school in the southeastern United States completed the Elementary Mathematics Motivation Instrument (EMMI), which examines levels of mathematics motivation across three subscales: (a) Math Anxiety, (b) Self‐Efficacy, and (c) Value of Math. Results from this quantitative phase were used to identify a sample for a qualitative phase examining how students who report high levels of motivation perceive mathematics. The resulting qualitative phase utilized a phenomenological design to explore mathematics motivation for a particular set of students in a fifth‐grade setting. Findings indicate that elementary students with high mathematics motivation value mathematics as a present and future oriented discipline and value teachers that deemphasize testing as a measure of success.     

Traditional instruction in advanced mathematics courses: a case study of one professor’s lectures and proofs in an introductory real analysis course

It is widely accepted by mathematics educators and mathematicians that most proof-oriented university mathematics courses are taught in a “definition-theorem-proof” format. However, there are relatively few empirical studies on what takes place during this instruction, why this instruction is used, and how it affects students’ learning. In this paper, I investigate these issues by examining a case study of one professor using this type of instruction in an introductory real analysis course. I first describe the professor’s actions in the classroom and argue that these actions are the result of the professor’s beliefs about mathematics, students, and education, as well as his knowledge of the material being covered. I then illustrate how the professor’s teaching style influenced the way that his students attempted to learn the material. Finally, I discuss the implications that the reported data have on mathematics education research.     

Effectively coaching middle school teachers: A case for teacher and student learning

In this paper we report findings from a two-year, large-scale research project that describes the work of middle school mathematics specialists (also referred to as mathematics coaches or instructional coaches) who served in 10 school districts. We use mixed methods to describe how mathematics specialists spent their time supporting teachers and how these supports contributed to meaningful changes that teachers made in their instructional practices. We also report results that correlate student achievement scores with whether or not teachers were highly engaged with the mathematics specialists. We coordinate these quantitative results with findings from several case studies to illustrate the qualitatively different ways that mathematics specialists supported teachers’ ongoing work with their students. We also account for why some teachers participated more fully than others. Importantly, because mathematics specialists’ work was situated in different school settings with different demands, resources and administrative supports, these constraints and affordances contributed in part to how they could effectively support teachers’ work with their students.     

The mathematics teacher: Between solving equations and the meaning of it all

An attempt is made to suggest some ultimate goals for mathematics education beyond the narrow framework of the mathematics curriculum. On the other hand, there is an attempt to tie mathematics education to these goals by pointing at some principles which direct mathematical behavior as well as educated behavior. The main claim is that both mathematical behavior and educated behavior are supposed to be directed by rational thinking.     

A multidimensional approach to training mathematics students at a university: improving the efficiency through the unity of social,psychological and pedagogical aspects

The article deals with social, psychological and pedagogical aspects of teaching mathematics students at universities. The sociological portrait and the factors influencing a career choice of a mathematician have been investigated through the survey results of 198 first-year students of applied mathematics major at 27 state universities (Russia). Then, psychological characteristics of mathematics students have been examined based on scientific publications. The obtained results have allowed us to reveal pedagogical conditions and specific ways of training mathematics students in the process of their education at university. The article also contains the analysis of approaches to the development of mathematics education both in Russia and in other countries. The results may be useful for teaching students whose training requires in-depth knowledge of mathematics.