基于逆概率加权和插补的Mallows模型平均方法

数据缺失是实际数据分析中一个常见的问题.文章将逆概率加权方法与插补方法结合,提出了一种Mallows模型平均方法以处理数据缺失问题,并证明了该方法得到的估计量在实现最小平方误差的意义下能渐近地达到最优.相比于传统的逆概率加权方法,文章的方法不仅可以充分利用观测信息,并且能够应用于非随机缺失的情形.相比于完全基于插补的方法,文章的方法继承了插补方法的一些优势,同时能够避免因错误地插补较大的数据块而产生的偏差.通过数值模拟,首先验证了三种简单的插补方法满足渐近最优性成立的条件,之后将文章提出的Mallows模型平均方法与已有的应用于缺失数据的模型平均方法进行比较,结果表明,所提出的新方法在大多数情况下优于已有的其它模型平均方法.最后,将新方法应用于平均寿命数据,实证结果进一步表明新方法较已有模型平均方法更为稳健.     

Herz空间中的加权Hardy-Littlewood平均算子

本文给出了加权Hardy-Littlewood平均算子Uψ在Herz空间Kqα,p(Rn)中有界的充分必要条件并估计了相应的算子范数．     

加权幂平均不等式的加强

对加权幂平均不等式的加强作了全面的研究，推广了一个加强的加权算术-几何不等式．     

基于加权损失函数下广义指数预报因子模型的汇率预测

本文提出在加权损失函数下构建汇率预测的广义指数预报因子模型。该方法首先选取有限个不同滑动参数构造指数预报因子,同时基于绝对值损失和平方损失的提出加权损失函数作为变量筛选的准则,然后在该准则下将指数预报因子进行线性组合,建立汇率预报的广义指数预报因子模型。本文最后用英镑/美元单周汇率数据与文献中的一些已有方法做比较,实证分析表明本文提出的方法在汇率预测效果上有较大改进。     

加权微分建模的初步研究

加权建模是必要的,微分建模是重要的,把二者结合起来,进行加权微分建模既必要也重要.给出了常用模型的微分建模结果,讨论了加权建模中的计算和权重选择问题,探讨了加权微分建模的思路和方法,并结合典型数据验证了该方法的有效性和稳定性.象加权建模一样,加权微分建模的精度、实用价值等,是和权重确定得合理与否紧密相联;应先进行模拟,以与近期实际值或典型样本相差最小的参数所对应的模型为准.     

右删失情形下平均生存时间的加权Bootstrap推断

在右删失情形下,基于一类合成数据,采用加权Bootstrap方法获得了平均生存时间的加权Bootstrap估计及其加权Bootstrap分布,并就权重是否独立两种情形,证明了此估计的相合性及此分布近似的有效性.基于此,构造了平均生存时间的置信区间.在数值模拟中,取权为Dirichlet(n;1,…,1),并从覆盖概率和区间长度角度,比较了加权Bootstrap和渐近正态逼近产生的置信区间.     

正定Hermite矩阵加权幂平均的行列式不等式

本文给出了m个正定Hermite矩阵加权幂平均的行列式的一个不等式，它是m个正数的加权益平均不等式的自然推广，也是正定Hermite矩阵行列式的凸性不等式的推广．     

模糊时间数列的分析与预测:以台湾地区加权股价指数为例

随着我国经济快速成长，衍生性金融商品的投资分析，已成为国内财务数学研究热门课题。以股票市场而言，人们总希望比别人早一步掌握行情的脉动，以获取最高的报酬率，然而，影响股市加权股价指数波动的因素众多，要如何进行趋势分析与预测，是很多学者相当感兴趣与研究的主题。本文考虑以模糊统计方法，作模糊时间数列的趋势分析与预测。其望应用模糊统计分析方法比传统的时间数列分析方法能得到更合理的解释，且预测结果可以提供决策者更多的信息，做出正确的决策。最后以台湾地区加权股票指数为例，做一实证上的详细探讨。     

不确定性组合加权调和平均算子及其应用

在多属性决策中,通常把成本性指标转换为效益性指标在进行加权综合得出方案的排序结果.然而这不是唯一可行的方法.本文在有序加权调和平均(OWHA)算子的基础上,提出了不确定组合加权调和平均(UCWHA)算子的概念,这是一种新的信息集结方法.同时探讨其性质,并且给出该算子在属性权重未知,且属性值为区间数的多属性决策中的应用.实例结果表明该方法是可行的.     

不平衡数据的企业财务预警模型研究

在股票市场中,由于被评为"ST"的公司数量远远少于普通的公司,所以用于训练财务预警模型的数据有着严重的不平衡性。而一般的分类模型如logistic回归等并不具备处理不平衡数据的能力。本文应用加权L1正则化支持向量机(w-L1SVM)构建一个可以处理不平衡数据的财务预警模型:一方面,w-L1SVM通过对两类样本的损失函数进行加权处理,有效地解决了样本不平衡性带来的预测精度问题;另一方面,w-L1SVM通过引入LASSO罚,使得模型在训练的过程中可以直接进行特征选择。通过数值模拟,本文验证了w-L1SVM在非平衡数据分类问题中的预测和特征选择表现。在实证研究中,本文针对我国股票市场机械、设备、仪表板块中的上市公司构建了一个基于w-L1SVM的财务预警模型,结果显示基于w-L1SVM的财务预警模型可以有效选择重要的财务指标并预测被评为"ST"的公司,并且其预测效果显著优于非加权的传统模型,这充分说明了w-L1SVM在财务预警问题中的适用性。     

沪深300样本股动态网络性质研究

利用2009年1月5日到2010年12月10日所有交易日的沪深300指数样本股日数据,构建了一系列动态网络.研究发现,随网络总度数的增大,网络的幂律值按指数衰减.股指和网络总度数的波动几乎是一致的.另外,当股指出现剧烈波动时,网络平均聚集系数变大,‘特别是此时度的概率分布平均拟合误差变得非常大,进一步研究发现,它的变化和股指波动的变化是同步的,所以我们认为是市场的剧烈波动破坏了股票网络的无标度性.上述结论对收盘价网络更明显.     

Linguistic power aggregation operators and their application to multiple attribute group decision making

The aim of this study is to develop new linguistic aggregation operators based on the power-average (PA) operator, such as the linguistic power average (LPA) operator, the linguistic weighted PA operator, and the LPOWA operator. We studied some desired properties of the developed operators, such as idempotency and commutativity. Moreover, we developed two approaches to deal with group decision-making problems under linguistic environments. If the weighting vector of the decision makers was known, we developed an approach based on the linguistic weighted PA operator. On the other hand, if the weighting vector of the decision maker was unknown, we developed a different approach based on the LPOWA operator. We also developed new uncertain linguistic operators under uncertain linguistic environments, such as the ULPA operator, the uncertain linguistic weighted PA operator, and the ULPOWA operator. We extended these approaches, which are based on ULWPA and ULPOWA operators, respectively, to solve group decision-making problems under an uncertain linguistic environment. Finally, a practical example is provided to illustrate the multiple-attribute group decision-making process.     

Impact of demographic and economic variables on financial policy purchase timing decisions

This paper investigates the extent to which consumers' demographic factors influence their financial policy purchasing behaviours and also explores how the external economic environment affects consumers' propensities to purchase financial products. The Cox proportional hazard model is used to explore these issues. The results suggest that consumer decisions on the timing of financial product purchases are largely explained by changes in the economic environment in terms of stock market, the housing market, average earnings, consumer confidence, and interest rates. The influence of customer demographic factors is also important but secondary.     

Can CDS indexes signal future turmoils in the stock market? A Markov switching perspective

Single-name Credit Default Swaps (CDS) are considered the main providers of direct information related with a reference entity’s creditworthiness and, for this reason, they have often been the core of news on the current financial crisis. The academic research has focused mainly on the capacity of CDS in anticipating agencies’ official rating changes and—in this respect—on their superior signalling power, compared to bond and stock markets. The aim of this work is, instead, to investigate the ability of fluctuations in CDS indexes in anticipating the occurrence of stock market crises. Our goal is to show that CDS indexes may provide investors and institutions with early warning signals of financial distresses in the stock market. We make use of a Markov switching model with states characterized by increasing levels of volatility and compare the times in which the first switch in a high volatility state occurs, respectively, in CDS and stock market index quotes. The data set consists of daily closing quotes for 5 years CDS and stock market index prices, covering the time period from 2004 to 2010. In order to capture possible geographic differences in CDS index capacity of foreseeing stock market distresses, data referring to two different regions, Europe and United States, are analyzed.     

投资者注意的风险补偿对股市回报的预测

利用历史累积交易金额数据,本文构造了中国股票市场增量注意风险补偿和存量注意风险补偿,并检验其对中国股票市场收益率的预测能力。样本外检验结果显示,以上两种注意风险补偿均能显著预测下个月中国股市的超额收益率,其R²分别达到了2.68%和2.50%;与中国股票市场中其他预测变量相对比,增量注意和存量注意风险补偿表现出更强的预测能力。此外,基于不同的样本外检验期、不同的风险厌恶参数以及五种不同的变量构造方式,投资者注意风险补偿均产生显著的预测能力。围绕着经济周期波动,本文对注意风险补偿的预测能力进行了解释,同时还发现,相较于经济衰退期间,经济繁荣期间的投资者注意风险补偿样本外预测能力更强。     

Modelling Asset Prices for Algorithmic and High-Frequency Trading

ABSTRACT

Algorithmic trading (AT) and high-frequency (HF) trading, which are responsible for over 70% of US stocks trading volume, have greatly changed the microstructure dynamics of tick-by-tick stock data. In this article, we employ a hidden Markov model to examine how the intraday dynamics of the stock market have changed and how to use this information to develop trading strategies at high frequencies. In particular, we show how to employ our model to submit limit orders to profit from the bid–ask spread, and we also provide evidence of how HF traders may profit from liquidity incentives (liquidity rebates). We use data from February 2001 and February 2008 to show that while in 2001 the intraday states with the shortest average durations (waiting time between trades) were also the ones with very few trades, in 2008 the vast majority of trades took place in the states with the shortest average durations. Moreover, in 2008, the states with the shortest durations have the smallest price impact as measured by the volatility of price innovations.     

基于厂商策略的电价建模

发电侧厂商的行为是影响电力市场竞价交易的重要因素,发电商的行为策略是造成市场出清价的不稳定性的关键原因,而其行为主要是通过操控市场力来提升价格.本文以美国加利福尼亚州电力市场99年电价一容量数据的分析对象,企图对数据去噪、聚类建立模型,特别是针对由于发电商的容量持留造成市场出清价格的振荡这种情况,依托数据挖掘中混合聚类思想建立混合模型,以从中反映发电厂商的行为.     

On spurious anti-persistence in the US stock indices

We reexamine the results of Serletis and Rosenberg [Serletis A, Rosenberg A. Mean reversion in the US stock market. Chaos, Solitons and Fractals 2009;40:2007–2015.] who claim that the returns of the most important US stock indices (DJI, NASDAQ, NYSE and S&P500) are strongly anti-persistent and thus mean reverting. We apply various methods to detect long-range dependence – detrending moving average, detrended fluctuation analysis, generalized Hurst exponent approach, classical rescaled range analysis and modified rescaled range analysis. We show that there are no signs of anti-persistence in any of the indices. Moreover, we discuss that the authors did not find any anti-persistence but rather showed returns of the said assets do not follow the scaling power law around their moving average with varying window length. Anti-persistence is thus spurious and due to wrong application of detrending moving average method.     

投资者情绪和市场利率对证券市场指数收益影响特点的动态刻画

本文基于2006年10月到2015年6月市场层面的投资者情绪和上证综指收益率,刻画了投资者情绪和市场利率对证券市场指数收益率的影响。首先,本文通过误差修正模型研究了短期层面投资者情绪对证券市场收益的影响特点,补充了以往在长期层面和整体收益水平上投资者情绪对市场收益影响的研究。由于市场层面的投资者情绪会受到宏观政策影响,之后本文将市场利率作为政策因素,通过分位数回归分析了不同市场收益水平下,市场利率和剔除了宏观政策因素的投资者情绪对市场收益的影响。研究结果表明:投资者情绪和证券市场收益之间的关系在短期层面上更为显著;当我国的证券市场环境处于“牛市”时,市场利率和投资者情绪均会对证券市场指数收益产生显著的影响,且随着市场收益水平的逐步上升,市场利率的反向作用和投资者情绪的正向作用均会逐渐加强。     

基于外汇汇率的期权定价及其实证分析

在外汇汇率服从连续扩散过程模型下,研究了外汇汇率的几何平均亚式期权和附有汇率范围的示性函数的新型幂期权定价问题。在实证分析中,通过美元/人民币汇率的真实数据来计算以上所研究期权的价格,并和Black-Scholes模型下的期权定价进行比较,同时对相关期权的隐含波动率进行了分析。