2,6-O-丁基-β-环糊精涂渍反相柱高效液相色谱拆分联萘二酚和苯基琥珀酸对映体

利用合成的2,6-O-丁基-β-环糊精动态涂渍反相色谱柱,β—CD在C18和C8填料表面“永久”吸附形成一手性固定相,以联萘二酚和苯基琥珀酸为对象进行高效液相色谱拆分研究。当采用乙腈-水(体积33：67)流动相时,联萘酚对映体在2,6-O-丁基-β-环糊精涂渍Exsil ODS柱上分离的容量因子分别为14．235和15．629,分离选择性为1．098;而采用乙腈-0．1％三氟乙酸水溶液(体积比15：85)流动相时,苯基琥珀对映体的容量因子分别为7．023和8．149,分离选择性为1．160,文中优化了色谱条件,探讨了有关的手性色谱拆分机理。该法可用于实际样品的对映体纯度测定。     

七(2,3-二-O-乙酰基-6-O-叔丁基二甲基硅烷基)-β-环糊精毛细管色谱柱的研制及色谱性能

合成了七（2，3-二-O-乙酰基-6-O-叔丁基二甲基硅烷基）-β-环糊精，并采用静态法成功地将其涂渍到弹性石英毛细管柱上。研究了其气相色谱分离性能，发现此固定相涂渍性好，柱效较高，热稳定性好，对卤代芳烃异构体以及难分离的二取代苯的位置异构体具有良好的分离能力。     

七(2,3,6-三-O-甲氧甲基)-β-环糊精的合成及其在气相色谱分离中的应用

将甲氧甲基引入β-环糊精的2,3,6-位合成了新的气相色谱手性固定相七(2,3,6-三-O-甲氧甲基)-β-环糊精,并采用静态法将其涂渍在毛细管内壁制备毛细管气相色谱柱。考察了毛细管柱的柱性能和分离性能。结果表明该固定相对Grob试剂、苯的二取代位置异构体(硝基甲苯、溴甲苯、二氯苯和二甲苯)及手性化合物(2-羟基丙酸甲酯、2-羟基丙酸乙酯和2-甲磺酰基丙酸甲酯)都具有良好的分离效果。与固定相2,3,6-三-O-甲基-β-环糊精的手性分离效果对比,结果显示两种手性固定相的分离能力各异,对一些手性脂类化合物对映体的分离存在互补性。     

2，6-二-O-乙氧乙基-3-O-三氟乙酰基-β-环糊精气相色谱手性固定相的制备及应用

将β-环糊精的2,6-位引入乙氧乙基,3-位引入三氟乙酰基,合成了新的环糊精衍生物2,6-二-O-乙氧乙基-3-O-三氟乙酰基-β-环糊精,并采用静态法涂渍毛细管气相色谱柱,考察了毛细管柱的柱性能和分离性能。结果表明,该固定相对G rob试剂、苯的二取代位置异构体氯甲苯、硝基甲苯和溴甲苯以及10种手性化合物如α-取代丙酸酯化合物、1-(2′-硝基苯基)-乙醇、α-甲基-对氯苯乙腈和丙炔醇酮乙酸酯等具有良好的分离效果。其中,对α-甲磺酰基丙酸酯对映体的拆分效果最好;对α-取代丙酸的甲酯衍生物的分离效果优于乙酯衍生物;对α-羟基取代丙酸酯的分离效果优于α-卤代丙酸酯。     

大黄素键合硅胶固定相的制备及其在核苷碱基药物分离中的研究

通过γ-[(2,3)-环氧丙氧]丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH-560)偶联剂将具有抗菌功能的植物有效成分大黄素键合到硅胶上,制备了大黄素液相色谱键合固定相(EDSP)。采用元素分析、红外光谱和热分析对该固定相的结构进行表征。以嘧啶、嘌呤和核苷为溶质探针,并用ODS柱做参比,对固定相的色谱性能及保留机理进行了研究。研究结果表明,该固定相具有类似ODS的反相色谱性能,除疏水作用外,由于大黄素的大π共轭体系,为溶质提供了n-π和π-π作用位点;且两个邻位羟基和两个羰基的存在,能够与溶质之间发生氢键作用和偶极-偶极作用。与ODS柱相比,该固定相在极性化合物分离中占优势,且分析速度较快。此外,实验还发现,该固定相能较好地分离二甲苯同分异构体,预示着该固定相有一定的立体选择性分离能力。     

手性离子液体和纤维素三(3,5-二甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯)混合气相色谱手性固定相研究

合成了手性离子液体[C7H17NO] [(CF3SO2)2]-和纤维素三(3,5-二甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯),将其混合作为气相色谱固定相。研究结果表明:该混合固定相麦氏常数的平均极性值为760;在容量因子大于2的前提下,新型柱的塔板数可达1680块/m;其对手性化合物、特别是对氨基酸类具有良好的分离效果。有10对氨基酸的分离因子大于1.10,展示了该类色谱柱良好的手性应用前景。     

纤维素/聚硅氧烷离子液体混合气相色谱固定相的制备

纤维素是液相色谱中应用十分广泛的一类固定相,可是由于涂渍性能不佳,纤维素在气相色谱中的应用鲜有报道。本论文首先通过酯化反应合成了脂溶性较好的三醋酸纤维素（CTA）,然后与自制的聚硅氧烷离子液体（PIL-C12-NTf₂）混配,制备了含纤维素的气相色谱固定相（CTA@PIL-C12-NTf₂）,并涂渍了毛细管柱。其柱效为3165 plates/m（110 ℃,萘,k=4.95）。麦氏常数及溶剂化参数模型的测试结果证明,该固定相属中强极性固定相,主要作用力是氢键碱性作用和偶极作用。值得注意的是,引入纤维素可明显改善三取代芳香化合物位置异构体及壬烷（C9）同分异构体的分离选择性。此外,该固定相对正构烷烃、醇、脂肪酸酯及邻苯二甲酸酯等也具有良好的分离选择性。该研究不仅初步展现了纤维素在分离选择性上的特点,而且也为探索纤维素衍生物在气相色谱中的应用提供了一条新的途径。     

手性流动相添加剂高效液相色谱法分离苯基琥珀酸对映体

以七(2,3,6三-O-甲基)-β-环糊精(TM-β-CD)作为手性流动相添加剂,反相高效液相色谱研究苯基琥珀酸(PSA)对映体拆分;在Nova—pak C18色谱柱上,采用0．30mmol/L TM-β-CD、含0．05％三氟乙酸的乙腈一水(体积比16：84)为流动相,(R)-(-)-PSA和(s)-( )-PSA的容量因子分别为5．43和6．42,对映体分离因子为1．18,分离度为2．50;对比：PSA在β-CD手性流动相法和2,6-丁基化-β-CD涂渍C18柱的色谱行为,探讨环糊精分子对PSA的手性拆分机理：本法已用于测定L-脯氨酸化学拆分苯基琥珀酸对映体产品的光学纯度。     

全丁基-β-环糊精与硝酸银的混合液作为毛细管气相色谱固定相的研究

 将合成的全丁基-β-环糊精+硝酸银(聚乙二醇400作溶剂)混合固定液静态涂渍在弹性石英毛细管柱内壁,7组对映异构体、4组芳香族位置异构体化合物等在该柱上得到满意分离。通过测定以上化合物在该柱及全丁基-β-环糊精柱上的热力学参数(焓、熵、自由能及焓变差、熵变差),探讨了固定液对所测化合物的色谱分离机理。结果表明,混合固定液对所测化合物具有协同效应     

3种全烷基化β-环糊精作毛细管气相色谱固定相的研究

作者合成了3种全烷基化β-环糊精,并将其涂渍石英毛细管色谱柱分离位置异构体和光学异构体得到了良好的结果,其中全甲基化β-环糊精具有最好的选择性.     

Hybrid organic-inorganic phenyl monolithic column for capillary electrochromatography

A novel hybrid organic-inorganic silica-based monolithic column possessing phenyl ligands for reversed-phase (RP) capillary electrochromatography (CEC) is described. The monolithic stationary phase was prepared by in situ co-condensation of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) with phenyltriethoxysilane (PTES) via a two-step catalytic sol-gel procedure to introduce phenyl groups distributed throughout the silica matrix for chromatographic interaction. The hydrolysis and condensation reactions of precursors were chemically controlled through pH variation by adding hydrochloric acid and dodecylamine, respectively. The structural property of the monolithic column can be easily tailored through adjusting the composition of starting sol solution. The effect of PTES/TEOS ratios on the morphology of the created stationary phases was investigated. A variety of neutral and basic analytes were used to evaluate the column performance. The CEC columns exhibited typical RP chromatographic retention mechanism for neutral compounds and had improved peak shape for basic solutes.     

Superheated water chromatography on phenyl bonded hybrid stationary phases

Phenyl bonded XTerra and XBridge organic/inorganic hybrid stationary phases have been used to separate test solutes and phenol homologues with a pure water mobile phase over a temperature range from 40 to 200 degrees C. The van't Hoff relationships between retention factors and reciprocal temperature were non-linear and could either be interpreted as a systematic change in the properties of the XTerra phenyl column or a marked change in the phase material for the XBridge phenyl column. This was reflected in the methylene selectivity which also showed a change for the XBridge column. The changes in column efficiencies and optimum flow rates were also examined and these suggested that at high temperatures the diffusion of the analytes was significant.     

Synthesis and chromatographic evaluation of phenyl/tetrazole bonded stationary phase based on thiol‐epoxy ring opening reaction

A silica‐based reversed‐phase stationary phase bonding with phenyl and tetrazole groups was synthesized by thiol‐epoxy ring opening reaction. The bonded groups could not only provide hydrophobic interaction, but also π–π, hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions, and so on. The results of characterization with elemental analysis and solid‐state ¹³C cross‐polarization magic‐angle‐spinning NMR spectroscopy indicated the successful preparation of phenyl/tetrazole sulfoether bonded stationary phase. Chromatographic evaluation revealed that phenyl/tetrazole sulfoether bonded stationary phase behaved well under the reversed‐phase mode. The column parameters (H, S*, A, B, and C) showed different selectivity compared with some typical commercial columns, and it was validated by the separation of estrogen, ginsenoside, alkaloid samples. Based on the different selectivity between phenyl/tetrazole sulfoether bonded stationary phase and C18 columns, phenyl/tetrazole sulfoether bonded stationary phase also showed potential to construct a 2D reversed‐phase liquid chromatography system with C18. And it was verified by the separation of corydalis tuber and curcuma zedoary extracts.     

Impact of methanol and acetonitrile on separations based on pi-pi interactions with a reversed-phase phenyl column

Studies were performed to investigate the roles of methanol and acetonitrile on the retention mechanism of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and related compounds with a reversed phase phenyl column. Different retention orders were observed depending upon whether acetonitrile or methanol was used as the organic modifier. We propose that acetonitrile impedes the selective pi-pi interactions between the analyte molecules and the phenyl groups in the stationary phase. Further study with 1-naphthoic acid and 1-naphthol as test compounds in the HPLC separation provides additional support for the influence of acetonitrile on pi-pi interactions between analyte molecules and a phenyl stationary phase. This study suggests that methanol be used as the preferred organic modifier with phenyl columns to achieve selectivity based upon pi-pi interactions.     

硅藻土载负葫芦[7]脲气相色谱固定相的制备及其性能评价

在酸性条件下,将自制的葫芦[7]脲均匀地涂覆到102白色硅藻土担体上,制得葫芦[7]脲气相色谱固定相。 采用红外光谱、质谱、元素分析和热重分析表征了葫芦[7]脲在载体表面的结构。 利用相关探针测定了新固定相的麦氏常数,表征了其基本色谱性能。 考察了葫芦[7]脲气相色谱固定相填充柱对芳香烃、卤代烃、醇、酮、酯及硅氧烷的分离能力。 结果表明,葫芦[7]脲固定相热稳定性高,柱色谱性能稳定,对较广泛的化合物尤其对高沸点的酯类及硅氧烷类化合物显示出良好的色谱分离能力(7 min内分离),作为气相色谱固定相有较好的应用前景。 初步讨论了葫芦[7]脲固定相对上述化合物的分离机理。     

Novel reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography stationary phase with oligo(ethylene glycol) "click" to silica

Oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG) covalently bonded silica was prepared by using click chemistry and employed as a stationary phase for reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The column efficiency and effect of organic modifier content on retention were investigated. The separation selectivity was also studied with phenyl compounds and an actual sample of natural products. The results indicated that the stationary phase possessed good separation efficiency and separation selectivity in RP-HPLC mode. Moreover, the stationary phase showed good complementary separation selectivity to the C18 stationary phase. The OEG stationary phase had "clustering" function for "homologous component" in the separation of natural products.     

Selectivity assessment of popular stationary phases for open-tubular column gas chromatography

The solvation parameter model is used to study the influence of temperature and composition on the selectivity of nine poly(siloxane) and two poly(ethylene glycol) stationary phase chemistries for open-tubular column gas chromatography. A database of system constants for the temperature range 60-140 degrees C was constructed from literature values with additional results determined for HP-50+, DB-210, DB-1701, DB-225 and SP-2340 columns. The general contribution of monomer composition (methyl, phenyl, cyanopropyl, and trifluoropropyl substituents) on the capacity of poly(siloxane) stationary phases for dispersion, electron lone pair, dipole-type and hydrogen-bond interactions is described. The selectivity coverage of the open-tubular column stationary phases is compared with a larger database for packed column stationary phases at a reference temperature of 120 degrees C. The open-tubular column stationary phases provide reasonable coverage of the range of dipole-type and hydrogen-bond base interactions for non-ionic packed column stationary phases. Deficiencies are noted in the coverage of electron lone pair interactions. None of the open-tubular column stationary phases are hydrogen-bond acids. The system constants are shown to change approximately linearly with temperature over the range 60-140 degrees C. The intercepts and slopes of these plots are used to discuss the influence of temperature on stationary phase selectivity.     

Substituent effect on the hydrolysis of side groups in poly(phenyl methacrylates)

The kinetics of the basic hydrolysis of several poly(phenyl methacrylates) with different substituents in the aromatic ring were investigated. Using Keller's equations to describe the effect of neighboring groups on the kinetics of side-group reactions in polymers, we computed the corresponding rate constants which correlated well with Hammett's substituent constants.     

13C, 13C coupling constants in phenyl substituted ethylene,naphthalene, phenanthrene and cyclopentadienone. Dependence on dihedral angles. Determination of signs by the symmetrical double labelling (SDL) method. IV

Carbon-13, carbon-13 coupling constants and carbon-13 chemical shifts have been measured in a series of phenyl substituted ethylenes and aromatics all doubly labelled with ¹³C at the olefinic positions (α,β-) or at neighbouring aromatic positions, tetraphenylcyclopentadienone labelled at the 3,4-positions, and dichlorodiphenylmethane labelled at the α-carbon. Signs of coupling constants were determined by the symmetrical double labelling (SDL) method. Coupling constants over as many as five bonds are reported. Two-bond couplings between carbons in the aromatic skeleton belong to different classes according to the nature of the coupling path. The magnitudes of three-bond coupling constants between such carbons correlate linearly with π-bond orders and a separation of the δ- and π-contributions is evident. The three-bond couplings between the 2-position in a phenyl substituent and the olefinic β-position or a corresponding aromatic position depend on the out-of-plane twist of the phenyl ring and may lead to information about the twist angle. Contrary to findings with aromatic carbonyl compounds two- and three-bond couplings to the α-carbon in the present compounds are fairly constant. The reported data suggest that the signs of coupling constants over more than two bonds alternate in aromatic systems. Carbon-13, carbon-13 coupling constants in naphthalene have been calculated by the INDO-SOS method.     

缬氨霉素作为毛细管气相色谱新型固定相的性能研究

本文研究了缬氨霉素的气相色谱特性, 考察了它们对一些难分离物质对、位置异构体以及一些手性化合物的分离效果. 除文献[3]外, 目前尚未见到有关将环状肽作为色谱固定相的报道.