He-Ne激光对增强UV-B辐射拟南芥抗氧化系统的损伤修复

以培养6周左右的拟南芥为材料,采用UV-B辐射（剂量1 KJ/m2/d）和He-Ne激光器（波长632.8 nm,输出功率5 mW·mm2,辐照时间60 s）对材料进行处理,分成CK（没有经过UV-B或激光辐照）组、B(UV-B辐射)组、BL（UV-B和激光复合处理）组和L（激光辐照）组4个不同处理组.结果表明:增强的UV-B辐射拟南芥幼苗导致MDA(Malondialdehyde)、超氧阴离子含量升高,GSH(Glutathione)含量降低,PAL(phenylalanine ammomia-lyase)、CAT(catalase)和APX(ascorbate peroxidase)活性升高,SOD(supemxide dismutas)活性降低.单独He-Ne激光处理使MDA、超氧阴离子含量降低,GSH的含量升高,SOD、APX、CAT的活性升高,PAL的活性降低.UV-B辐射后再用He-Ne激光进行后处理,发现与单独UV-B辐照处理相比,MDA、超氧阴离子含量降低,GSH含量升高,SOD、APX、CAT的活性升高了,PAL的活性降低了.因此激光在一定程度上提高了拟南芥叶片抗氧化能力,在此基础上讨论了其可能的形成机理.     

激光应用 激光农业应用

S335.29 2006043038CO2激光预处理对UV-B辐射引起的小麦幼苗脂质过氧化伤害的防护作用=Protect effects of CO2laser pretreat-ment on wheat seedling lipid peroxidation by UV-B radia-tion[刊,中]/李方民(西北大学生命科学学院.陕西,西安(710069)) ,陆治国…∥光子学报.—2006 ,35(4) .—561-564用20 mW·mm-2CO2激光对小麦萌发的种子分别照射1、3、5、7 min,待其长至幼苗期,在光背景(PAR)90μmol·m-2·s-1条件下,用3 .10 kJ·m-2UV-B照射7 h·d-1,然后对其丙二醛( MDA)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)、超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)、过氧…     

低能N+ 离子预处理对水稻UV-B辐射的当代损伤效应的影响

采用3种不同注量的N离子对供试材料进行了离子注入预处理, 再用10.08 kJ/(m2d1)增强UV-B辐射对其幼苗进行辐照试验, 测定了过氧化物酶（POD）活性、 过氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、 过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性、 丙二醛（MDA）含量、 还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量和可溶性糖含量的变化。 研究结果表明: 经N离子注入预处理的水稻材料受到UV-B辐射时其POD和SOD活性明显升高, 并在注量为2.0×1017 ions/cm2时活性达到最强; CAT活性和MDA含量明显降低, GSH含量显著增加, 而可溶性糖的含量则变化程度很小。 从这些研究结果可以看出, 经过一定注量离子注入预处理的水稻材料当受到UV B辐射时能产生较强的抗氧化能力和防御能力,而且抗氧化系统优于碳水化合物系统而先于表达。 由此可见, 离子注入预处理对水稻UV-B辐射的生物学效应的影响相当明显。 The seedlings of rice (xindao18) were exposed to UV B (10.08 kJ/(m2d1 )) irradiation follo wing the pretreatment with three different implantation dosages of low energy N+ ions. Changes in the levels of the superoxide (POD),superoxide dismutase (SOD),catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA),glutathione (GSH) and soluble sugar were measured. The result showed that the UV-B irradiation on the seedlings of rice pretreated with low energy ions implantation could lead to increase activities in POD and SOD,and the maximum appeared on the dose of 2.0×1017 ions/cm2. Meanwhile,it made the content of GSH increased, and caused the activity of CAT and the content of MDA to be decreased. But there was no obvious change in soluble sugar. It was suggested that the rice pretreated by low energy ion implantation could enhance the antioxidation capacity and defensive ability when irradiated by UV-B, and the antioxidation system could be induced earlier than carbohydrate system. Therefore, the biological effects of UV-B irradiation on rice pretreated by low energy ion implantation were quite obvious.     

增强UV-B辐射和He-Ne激光辐照对小麦离体叶绿体光化学活性的影响

利用低剂量的He-Ne激光和增强UV-B处理小麦叶绿体,研究了He-Ne激光对UV-B辐射损伤的修复效应.将提取的离体完整叶绿体分成CK(对照)、L(激光)、B(UV-B)和BL(UV-B和He-Ne激光复合处理)不同处理组.B、BL组经过不同剂量的紫外辐照处理(剂量依次为0.42 kJ·m－2·d－1,0.84 kJ·m－2·d－1 ,1.26 kJ·m－2·d－1),其中BL组被UV-B辐射处理后再用He-Ne激光(5 mW·mm－2)辐照.利用低温荧光法测定不同处理组小麦叶绿体荧光发射光谱的变化;用电导仪和Clark氧电极仪分别测量叶绿体膜透性和电子传递速率,膜透性的改变从一定程度上能反应膜的损伤程度;ATPase活性采用分光光度计测量.研究表明:He-Ne激光和增强UV-B辐射影响叶绿体激发能的分配,UV-B辐照达到1.26 kJ·m-2·d－1时,叶绿体几乎完全失去活性;He-Ne激光则从一定程度上能促进叶绿体的光化学活性.UV-B辐射后的叶绿体再经过He-Ne激光的辐照处理后,可以恢复部分光化学活性,但当叶绿体损伤严重,光化学活性完全丧失时,He-Ne激光对其没有激活作用.     

辐照诱变对小麦生理学效应的影响

以小麦品种小偃81为材料, 利用低能N+离子, 60Co-γ射线以及紫外线UV-C等为诱变源, 对种子胚部进行辐照处理。 研究其对小麦发芽势、 发芽率、 根长及苗高等生理指标的影响。 以辐照后的幼苗为材料研究了低能N+注入对过氧化氢酶（CAT）、 过氧化物酶（POD）、 超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性及还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量的影响。 研究结果表明: N+注入后种子活力先升高后降低, 苗高在5×1017 N+/cm2时显著低于对照; 60Co和紫外线辐照对种子活力有较显著的影响, 辐照后的根长和苗高均显著低于对照; N+束辐照后的幼苗CAT酶活随剂量的变化规律性不明显, POD和SOD酶活总体趋势随剂量的增加先升高后降低, GSH含量随剂量的增大先降低后升高。 由此可知, 辐照诱变可以诱导小麦一系列的生理变化。60Co-γ射线和紫外线UV C对小麦胚根的伤害较大, 导致幼苗在后期大量死亡。N+注入对小麦的损伤效应较60Co和紫外线γ射线和紫外线UV-C小, 一定注量的N+注入处理可促进小麦生长。 In this paper, the biological effects,such as germination percentage, germination index and the length of seedlings and roots were investigated by using low energy N+, 60Co- γ rays and ultraviolet UV C to irradiate the embryos of wheat seeds （Xiaoyan81）. The anti oxidative enzyme system (CAT,POD, SOD) and GSH content were studied as well. The results show that the vitality of seed increased and then reduced with increasing the dosage of N+ ion implantation. The length of roots and seedlings were significantly higher than control. The seed vigor was significant effected after irradiated by 60Co-γ rays and ultraviolet UV-C, but the length of roots and seedlings were significantly lower than control. After N+ implantation, the changing pattern of CAT was not obviously. The enzymatic activity of POD and SOD were increased at low dosage and reduced at high dosage. The content of GSH was reduced and then raised. The results proved that the damage induced by γ ray and UV C to the radicle of wheat was severe that result in a large number of seedling died. However the damage induced by N+ implantation was lower than that by rays and UV C irradiation. Certain dosage of ion implantation can promote the growth of wheat.     

He-Ne激光对小麦幼苗增强UV-B辐射损伤修复的影响

采用He-Ne激光(5mW/mm²)来辐照处理经增强UV-B(10.8kJ·m^-2·d^-1)辐射损伤的小麦幼苗,通过荧光光谱测定其中双链DNA(dsDNA)的含量,分析研究了He-Ne激光对小麦DNAUV-B损伤的切除修复的影响和机制,以探明激光对UV-B损伤的修复途径及机制.结果表明:He-Ne激光能明显增强UV-B辐射处理后小麦种子的萌发力;小麦对UV-B辐射损伤具有一定的切除修复能力,切除修复的高峰期发生在UV-B辐射后4～6h内;He-Ne激光主要通过促进小麦的切除修复途径影响小麦对UV-B损伤的修复,而且能增强小麦的切除修复能力,其促进作用在修复高峰期(5h)表现尤为明显.     

He-Ne激光和增强UV-B辐射对小麦TaRAN1蛋白的影响

采用He-Ne激光(5mW·mm-2)和增强UV-B(10.08kJ·m-2.d-1)辐照‘ML7113’小麦幼苗,6天后提取各处理组小麦幼苗的总蛋白和TaRAN1蛋白,用SDS-PAGE对其进行初步检测及Western Blot对目的蛋白进行鉴定,并采用考马斯亮蓝法测量不同处理组的TaRAN1蛋白的含量以做进一步的比较分析.结果表明:增强UV-B辐射使小麦TaRAN1蛋白电泳条带加宽颜色加深且含量显著增加;单独He-Ne激光处理,蛋白电泳条带较窄颜色较淡且所测的蛋白含量明显减少,表现出了抑制作用;经He-Ne激光辐照和UV-B辐射复合处理后,蛋白的含量明显低于B组而与对照组相差不明显.说明增强UV-B辐射后,小麦TaRAN1蛋白可能参与了植物的抗逆境反应.     

He-Ne激光和增强UV-B辐射对小麦TaRAN1蛋白的影响

采用He-Ne激光(5 mW· mm 2)和增强UV-B(10.08 kJ·m-2·d-1)辐照‘ML7113’小麦幼苗,6天后提取各处理组小麦幼苗的总蛋白和TaRAN1蛋白,用SDS-PAGE对其进行初步检测及Western Blot对目的蛋白进行鉴定,并采用考马斯亮蓝法测量不同处理组的TaRAN1蛋白的含量以做进一步的比较分析.结果表明:增强UV-B辐射使小麦TaRAN1蛋白电泳条带加宽颜色加深且含量显著增加;单独He-Ne激光处理,蛋白电泳条带较窄颜色较淡且所测的蛋白含量明显减少,表现出了抑制作用;经He-Ne激光辐照和UV-B辐射复合处理后,蛋白的含量明显低于B组而与对照组相差不明显.说明增强UV-B辐射后,小麦TaRAN1蛋白可能参与了植物的抗逆境反应.     

盐碱胁迫下杨树叶片MDA含量与各抗氧化酶的相关性

在前人的基础上,从利用偏相关分析和多元线性回归分析的方法深入分析了盐碱胁迫环境下杨树叶丙二醛(MDA)含量与超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化物酶(Peroxidase,POD)、过氧化氢酶(Catalase,CAT)活性之间,以及各抗氧化酶之间的内在相关性.研究结果表明,在盐碱...     

增强的UV-B辐射对高粱幼苗光合和抗氧化系统的影响

由于臭氧层逐渐变薄,到达地球表面UV-B辐射不断增加,因UV-B辐射改变的太阳光谱将会对陆地植物造成不同程度的伤害。本试验以高粱龙杂5为材料,对二叶一心高粱进行四种剂量UV-B处理,恢复2 d采用光合仪测定光合参数,并取样测定抗氧化酶活性。随着UV-B剂量的升高,高粱叶片褐化损伤加重,植株矮化,鲜重和干重显著降低;花青素含量显著升高,叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量显著减少,净光合速率和叶绿素荧光参数显著下降。同时,随UV-B剂量升高,高粱幼苗气孔导度、胞间CO₂浓度和蒸腾速率表现为“降-升-降”变化;POD和CAT活性呈现“降-升-降”变化;SOD和GR活性呈现“降-升”变化,APX和GPX呈现“升-降-升”变化。在供试的四种剂量中,UV-B处理6 h(相当2.4 J·m-2)的高粱幼苗净光合急剧下降,其他光合指标以及抗氧化酶活性也表现出明显转折。结果表明,增强的UV-B辐射直接导致高粱光合色素、净光合速率和叶绿素荧光参数的改变;高粱抗氧化系统对高、低剂量UV-B响应机制不同, 其中 ASA-GSH循环对低剂量UV-B反应更敏感,高剂量UV-B辐射不仅破坏高粱光合作用,而且启动植物酶促和非酶抗氧化系统,导致叶片褐化坏死,植株生物量累积减少、株高矮化,甚至死亡。     

可见分光光度法测定碱胁迫中合欢幼苗的生理指标

为检测合欢幼苗的抗碱胁迫能力,文章试验利用可见分光光度法测定了碱胁迫下合欢幼苗体内的丙二醛、可溶性糖、脯氨酸含量及POD、SOD活性,分析这些生理指标在不同处理浓度、不同处理时间下的变化规律,探求碱胁迫下合欢幼苗的抗逆生理机制。随着Na₂CO₃处理浓度的增加,幼苗叶片中MDA和可溶性糖含量,均呈递增趋势,当处理浓度低于75 mmol·L-1,两者含量变化较平缓,而浓度高于75 mmol·L-1时,则含量急剧增加,各处理间差异显著;脯氨酸含量也呈递增趋势,当处理浓度低于100 mmol·L-1,变化较平缓,浓度高于100 mmol·L-1时,含量则急剧增加,各处理间差异显著;SOD和POD活性变化趋势一致,都呈单峰曲线变化,但两者活性最大值所对应的处理浓度不同,分别为50和75 mmol·L-1。此外,随着胁迫时间的延长,同一浓度处理的丙二醛含量逐步增加,而脯氨酸、可溶性糖含量、SOD、POD活性变化较复杂,无明显规律性。     

增强UV-B辐射、NaCl胁迫及其复合处理对小麦幼苗光合作用及黄酮代谢的影响

依据增强UV-B辐射、NaCl胁迫及其复合处理不同天数，分别测定各处理小麦幼苗第一片真叶的净光合速率、气孔导度、叶肉细胞间隙二氧化碳浓度、叶绿素含量、黄酮含量和苯丙氨酸裂解酶活性.发现NaCl胁迫和增强UV-B辐射均明显降低小麦幼苗的净光合速率、气孔导度和叶肉细胞间隙CO2浓度;和NaCl胁迫相较， NaCl+UV-B辐射对小麦幼苗上述指标无进一步降低效应.增强UV-B辐射、NaCl胁迫及其复合处理均促进苯丙氨酸裂解酶活性和黄酮含量提高.说明了增强UV-B辐射降低小麦幼苗净光合速率的主要原因是气孔限制，而NaCl胁迫减轻了增强UV-B辐射对小麦幼苗光合作用的降低效应.     

The effect of high-voltage electrostatic field (HVEF) on aged rice (Oryza sativa L.) seeds vigor and lipid peroxidation of seedlings

The study of the effect of high-voltage electrostatic field (HVEF) on plant seeds has been becoming one of the popular issues in electrostatic biology since the influence of HVEF on growing plants was observed early in 1980s and a few studies showed that HVEF could increase seeds activity. In this study the aged rice seeds were treated in HVEF, and their vitality and associated physiological variables such as membrane lipid peroxidation and the protective enzyme system, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD: EC 1.15.1.1), peroxidase (POD: EC 1.11.1.7) and catalase (CAT: EC 1.11.1.6) were also investigated. The results showed that the activity index of aged rice seeds was significantly increased, and the leakage conductivity was decreased with the appropriate HVEF treatment. The treatment also elevated the activity of SOD, POD and CAT, which improved the penetrating capability of membrane, and adjusted the level of lipid peroxidation and lowered the content of malondialdehyde (MDA). We concluded that HVEF could elevate aged rice seeds vigor and improve membrane system of aged rice seedlings, and the treatment for 55 min was better than that of 30 min.     

Effect of spaceflight duration of subcellular morphologies and defense enzyme activities in earth-grown tomato seedlings propagated from space-flown seeds

Subcellular changes and enzymes activities were compared between Earth-grown plants from the original tomato seeds, 6-year long-term flown in the Mir Station and 27-day short-term flown in the satellite. In some first generation Mir-flown plants, the lamellae’s structure of some chloroplasts became curved and loose, and some mitochondrial outer membranes were broken. In some satellite-flown plants, the number of mitochondria increased, the lamellae’s structure of some chloroplasts became curved and loose, and some mitochondrial cristae disappeared. The number of starch grains per chloroplast in first generation, second generation, third generation Mir-flown plants and satellite-flown plants increased significantly compared with the ground control, but the difference between the number of starch grains per chloroplast in Mir-flown plants (include three generations) and satellite-flown plants was not significant. The number of chloroplasts per leaf cell in Mir-flown plants and satellite-flown plants increased significantly compared with the ground control. The activities of three defense enzymes supperoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase dismutase (POD) and catalase (CAT) in the satellite-flown plants increased significantly as compared with those of the ground controls and the Mir-flown plants, but the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased significantly. Coefficients of variation of the activities of SOD, POD, CAT and the content of MDA in the satellite-flown plants were lest, and those in the Mir-flown plants were maximum. Coefficient of variation of the activities of SOD, POD, and CAT in the first, second and third generation Mir-flown plants were more than that in the ground control. The activities of defense enzyme in some Mir-flown plants increased significantly.