2-甲基-6-(2-甲苯基)-2-庚烯的波谱学研究

采用色谱法从蒲儿根花部位中分离得到2-甲基-6-(2-甲苯基)-2-庚烯,该化合物第一次以单体的形式得到,通过测定氢-氢相关谱(1H-1H COSY)、DEPT谱、异核单量子相关谱(HSQC)及异核多键相关谱(HMBC)等二维谱确定了该化合物的结构,并对该化合物的1H NMR和13C NMR谱进行了归属.     

罗汉果花中黄酮的提取及结构表征

以罗汉果花为原料,采用微波萃取技术提取罗汉果花中的黄酮.探讨了微波功率、微波辐射时间、料液比等因素对黄酮得率的影响.通过正交实验L9(34)对提取工艺进行优化.通过红外光谱、紫外光谱对提取物的结构进行表征.研究结果表明:微波萃取罗汉果花中黄酮的最佳工艺条件为:溶剂60％乙醇溶液,料液比(g/mL)1∶30,微波功率350W、微波辐射时间20min,提取次数2次.在此条件下罗汉果花中黄酮的得率达7.6％.罗汉果花中的黄酮类化合物主要成分为山奈酚.     

红外光谱法对贮藏白花丹参各部位的分析与评价

采用傅里叶变换红外光谱、二阶导数谱和二维相关红外光谱三级鉴别法对贮藏白花丹参的根、茎、叶、花等部位及各部位的水溶性提取物、脂溶性提取物进行分析与评价研究.结果表明,贮藏5年各部位与当年采收的同部位的一维光谱非常相似,但二阶导数谱中峰位和峰强的差异明显.1800～1350 cm-1范围内的二维相关谱中,当年的根和花的自动...     

几种常见中药针剂的红外谱分析

本文检测了中药灯盏花注射剂、刺五加注射剂和香丹注射剂的红外谱图, 并对其进行了分析、比较。这些中药注射剂的红外谱图在2000 cm -1以上波数段非常相似, 2000 cm -1以下波数段差异较大。通过对注射剂众多谱线的分析, 推断出中药灯盏花、刺五加和香丹的主要成分是多环芳香烃衍生物, 并且含有大量的-OH。刺五加的特征谱线1420 cm-1和1603 cm-1表明刺五加中含有-COOH。灯盏花的特征谱线1237 cm-1和1279 cm-1对应含氧环的振动, 说明灯盏花的化学结构式里有含氧环这个官能团。上述结果与目前中药注射剂的主要研究方法HPLC得出的结论是一致的。     

金纳米花结构的制备及其催化性能研究

金纳米花结构具有多分枝的形貌、很高的表面积-体积比，增强的电磁场效应而越来越受到人们的重视。采用抗坏血酸溶解左旋多巴的混合溶液还原氯金酸制备了金纳米花结构，分别利用紫外可见光谱仪(UV-Vis)、 X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对金纳米花结构的形貌和结构进行表征分析。结果表明，所制备的金纳米花结构具有较宽的表面等离子体共振吸收峰，该吸收峰位于650 nm左右。基于XRD结果分析可知该金纳米花结构为结晶性较好的面心立方结构。通过SEM分析可看到该金纳米花结构的形貌为表面具有很多尖锐的纳米片状的金纳米花结构且大小为(1.10±0.14)μm。在TEM图片中可清晰地观察到金纳米花结构表面纳米片的大小和详细形貌。总之，这些表征分析综合证明了所制备的金纳米花的独特形貌特征。此外，利用金纳米花结构作为纳米催化剂，在过量硼氢化钠下催化还原对硝基苯酚(4-NP)为对氨基苯酚(4-AP),该催化反应在数分钟即可完成。在分别加入10、 20和100μL的金纳米花结构为催化剂后，以紫外可见光谱仪测定不同时刻的光谱，计算该拟一级反应的速率常数分别达到了3.53×10...     

丹参不同部位的红外光谱法分析

首次采用红外光谱三级鉴定法对丹参不同部位的药材粉末及其水提物和醇提物进行了分析与评价研究。结果表明, 一维图谱中, 丹参花与根的相似系数最高, 为0.9123 ; 叶在1650～1611 cm- 1的特征峰峰高明显高于其他部位; 二阶导数谱中, 1160~1000 cm-1范围内吸收峰的峰形、相对峰强有所差异, 不同部位水提物和醇提物的分析结果进一步明确了丹参根、茎、叶、花存在差异; 二维相关光谱中, 茎与叶、根与花的二维相关谱图仍较为相似, 印证一维及二阶导数谱结论。     

熊果酸的Raman光谱和红外光谱结构特征比较

本文采用HRD2型双光栅单色仪测定了熊果酸的Raman光谱，得到熊果酸的特征Raman光谱结构，采用Philips 100型双光栅单色仪测定了熊果酸的IR光谱，得到熊果酸的特征IR光谱结构；解析了熊果酸的Raman光谱和IR光谱与其结构特征的关系，确定了熊果酸的Raman光谱的结构特征和官能团的归属，给出了熊果酸的两个基本骨架特征区域（A区：1386，1370，1363cm^-1，B区：1304，1269，1237cm^-1）；对熊甲酸的Raman光谱和IR光谱作了比较研究，指出Raman光谱具有比IR光谱更为丰富的结构信息的特征，并且，IR光谱的主要特征峰在Raman光谱中均有对应的谱峰；Raman光谱的谱峰形态清晰可变，使熊果酸的主要结构和官能团得到准确的分析和指认，与IR光谱一样，Raman光谱是天然药物解析的有效手段之一。     

非等同双原子与双模腔场拉曼相互作用模型的腔场谱

研究了非等同双原子与双模腔场拉曼相互作用模型的腔场谱,分析了谱结构随原子与腔场相对耦合常数R=g2/g1的变化规律,发现R对真空场、弱场、强场谱结构都有不同程度的影响.当R=1或R=0时,一般呈现简并的谱结构,而当R介于0与1之间时,腔场谱一般呈现复杂的非对称多峰结构.同时还发现,当R固定不变时,低频腔场初始场强对高频真空场谱结构也有较明显的影响. 关键词： 量子光学 腔场谱 拉曼相互作用 双模腔场     

典型金属纳米结构的电子能量损失谱研究

利用格林函数推导出金属纳米结构电子能量损失谱的计算公式,基于时域有限差分方法对几种典型的结构进行建模仿真,数值模拟运动电荷和结构的距离、液晶环境材料对电子能量损失谱的调节作用.仿真结果表明:当增加电子与纳米结构的距离时,电子能量损失谱谱峰降低;当添加液晶材料或各向同性衬底材料时,电子能量损失谱的峰值发生明显红移,但液晶的光轴倾角改变对峰值的调制作用有限.通过计算电子能量损失谱研究金属纳米结构表面等离子激元共振特性,为高度复杂的等离子体激元纳米结构的设计提供了理论基础.     

基于多个无标度区的多重分形分析方法

用计算机模拟生成了多重分形结构,通过对比分析结构的解析多重分形谱和配分函数法计算得到的多重分形谱,总结出多重分形谱可以描述结构在某一无标度区内生长规律的特性,发现结构的各个无标度区都具有研究价值,针对传统方法不能充分利用数据的缺陷,提出了基于多个无标度区的多重分形谱计算方法.     

两不同奇相干态组成的第种四态叠加多模叠加态光场的等阶N次方Y压缩

根据量子力学中的线性叠加原理,构造了由多模奇相干态与多模复共轭奇相干态这两种不同的奇相干态的线性叠加所组成的第Ⅰ种四态叠加多模叠加态光场|Ψ_o⁽⁴⁾,I〉_q,利用多模压缩态理论,研究了态|Ψ_o⁽⁴⁾,I〉_q的等阶N次方Y压缩特性.结果发现:1)当压缩阶数N为偶数时,在不同的条件下,态|Ψ_o⁽⁴⁾,I〉_q可分别呈现三种状态:a)态|Ψ_o⁽⁴⁾,I〉_q可处于等阶N-Y最小测不准态;b)态|Ψ(4)o,I〉q的第一正交分量可呈现等阶N次方Y压缩效应;c)态|Ψ_o⁽⁴⁾,I〉_q可呈现“半相干态”效应.2)当压缩阶数为奇数时,若果r₁=r₂=r,则在不同的条件下,态|Ψ_o⁽⁴⁾,I〉_q可分别呈现三种状态:a)态|Ψ_o⁽⁴⁾,I〉_q可处于等阶N-Y最小测不准态;b)态|Ψ_o⁽⁴⁾,I〉_q的第一正交分量可呈现等阶N次方Y压缩效应;c)态|Ψ_o⁽⁴⁾,I〉_q的第二正交分量可呈现等阶N次方Y压缩效应.3)“半相干态”是指在一定条件下,态|Ψ_o⁽⁴⁾,I〉_q的两个正交分量其中一个正交分量处于等阶N-Y最小测不准态,另一个正交分量既不处于等阶N-Y最小测不准态也不呈现等阶N次方Y压缩效应.     

Mixed Type Solutions of the {SU(3)} Models on a Torus

In this paper, we study mixed-type solutions of \({SU(3)}\) Chern–Simons system (see (1.4) below) on a two dimensional flat torus. Nolasco and Tarantello (Commun Math Phys 213:599–639, 2000), among other things, Nolasco and Tarantello obtained solutions of (1.4) as minimizers of several functionals closely related to (1.4), and showed that if \({N_1+N_2=1}\), then one of those minimizers turns out to be a mixed-type solution, that is, one component tends to \({\ln\frac{1}{2}}\) pointwise a.e. and the other component converges to a solution of a mean field equation. We call these kinds of solutions mixed-type (I) solutions. In this paper, we prove two main results: (i) the asymptotic analysis of mixed-type (I) solutions with arbitrary configuration of vortex points, and (ii) the existence of mixed-type (I) solutions under a non-degenerate condition. This non-degenerate condition also ensures some uniqueness result. In particular, our results imply that when \({N_1+N_2=1}\), there are only two mixed-type (I) solutions of (1.4).     

Our trails and trials in the subsarcolemmal cytoskeleton network and muscular dystrophy researches in the dystrophin era

In 1987, about 150 years after the discovery of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), its responsible gene, the dystrophin gene, was cloned by Kunkel. This was a new substance. During these 20 odd years after the cloning, our understanding on dystrophin as a component of the subsarcolemmal cytoskeleton networks and on the pathomechanisms of and experimental therapeutics for DMD has been greatly enhanced. During this paradigm change, I was fortunately able to work as an active researcher on its frontiers for 12 years. After we discovered that dystrophin is located on the cell membrane in 1988, we studied the architecture of dystrophin and dystrophin-associated proteins (DAPs) complex in order to investigate the function of dystrophin and pathomechanism of DMD. During the conduct of these studies, we came to consider that the dystrophin-DAP complex serves to transmembranously connect the subsarcolemmal cytoskeleton networks and basal lamina to protect the lipid bilayer. It then became our working hypothesis that injury of the lipid bilayer upon muscle contraction is the cause of DMD. During this process, we predicted that subunits of the sarcoglycan (SG) complex are responsible for respective types of DMD-like muscular dystrophy with autosomal recessive inheritance. Our prediction was confirmed to be true by many researchers including ourselves. In this review, I will try to explain what we observed and how we considered concerning the architecture and function of the dystrophin-DAP complex, and the pathomechanisms of DMD and related muscular dystrophies.     

A New Method for Calculation of Single Seismic Phase of Cylindrically Multilayered Media Including Liquid Interlayer

A new method based on generalized reflection and transmission （R/T） coefficients method is proposed to calculate the single seismic phase （SSP） of cylindrically multilayered media including liquid interlayer. The use of normalization factors and normalized Lamé coefficients makes the algorithm stable numerically. Using the modified R/T matrices, we derive the iterative expressions of generalized R/T matrices, and by using the iterative relation we determine the SSP of each interface and the full waveforms. To show the superiority of this new approach for investigating of reflection and transmission properties of cylindrically multilayered media, we simulate the full waveforms and SSPs of cased hole model with annulus I （casing-cement interface） channelling （or, cross-flow）. The generalized reflection coefficient spectra and SSPs of interfaces obtained show the propagation mechanism of each component of full waveform clearly.     

Analyzing normal proliferating,hypoxic and necrotic regions of T-47D human breast cancer spheroids using Raman spectroscopy

Raman spectroscopy is an advanced chemical analytical technique that has gained significant interest in cancer research, in particular early detection and monitoring of cancer, with added advantages of non-invasive and real-time diagnosis. Recently, studies have shown its sensitivity to monitor chemical changes during cancer progression. This information will lead to identification of chemical markers (molecular fingerprints of chemical composition) that can be used as biological markers. In this study, we used a tumor spheroid model that mimics the characteristics of a non-vascular in vitro tumor model, we used a combination of Raman and multivariate approach to identify chemical changes associated with normal proliferating, hypoxic and necrotic regions of T-47D human breast cancer spheroid model. The results provide evidence that lipids, amide I, III and nucleic acid contents differ significantly in normal, hypoxic and necrotic regions. Principal component analysis loading plots has suggested that normal proliferating region separated with low amide I and high-tryptophan content compared to hypoxic and necrotic regions. These differences observed in three regions might be useful in identification of new spectral markers associated stress faced by each region progressing toward necrosis.     

Solitary density waves in the strongly coupled one component Coulomb particle structures as experimental support of the general versatility of the caustic theory

In this paper we demonstrate that generation of the solitary density wave in the strongly coupled one component Coulomb system of particles confined in a long quadrupole electrodynamic Paul trap is possible, when the energy losses due to air viscosity can be compensated by the energy contribution of the altering electric fields of the trap. Results of this paper allow to identify observed solitary waves as the caustics (according to definition of the book “Catastrophe Theory” by V. I. Arnold) and can be considered as the new experimental support of the general versatility of the caustic theory in describing different physical phenomena not only in collisionless systems of particles but also when interparticle interaction and interaction with external fields in viscous media are strong.     

Direct product and decomposition of certain physically important algebras

I consider the direct product algebra formed from two isomorphic Clifford algebras. More specifically, for an element x in each of the two component algebras I consider elements in the direct product space with the form x x. I show how this construction can be used to model the algebraic structure of particular vector spaces with metric, to describe the relationship between wavefunction and observable in examples from quantum mechanics, and to express the relationship between the electromagnetic field tensor and the stress-energy tensor in electromagnetism. To enable this analysis I introduce a particular decomposition of the direct product algebra.     

Analysis of hydroxyapatite laser ablation plumes in a water atmosphere

4 m/s, shows the development of a shock wave in its front, resulting from the interaction between the species released from the target and the background gas. The water vapor slows down this component up to values of about 3×10³ m/s following a behavior that can be well described by the dynamics of a spherical shock wave. The low intensity of emission of the second component has not allowed us to analyze its dynamics. The third and slowest component expands at a constant velocity of 5×10² m/s and is constituted by hot particulates leaving the target. Spectra recorded in the shock front have shown the presence of emission lines arising from Ca I, Ca II, P I and some impurities, and two strong emission bands that can be assigned to some sort of calcium oxide. Received: 7 November 1997/Accepted: 17 February 1998     

A Comparative Study of fB within QCD Sum Rules with Two Typical Correlators up to Next-to-Leading Order

The B-meson decay constant f_B is an important component for studying the B-meson decays, which can be studied through QCD sum rules. We make a detailed discussion on f_B from two sum rules up to next-to-leading order, i.e. sum rules I and II, which are derived from the conventional correlator and the correlator with chiral currents respectively. It is found that these two sum rules are consistent with each other. The sum rules II involves less non-perturbative condensates as that of sum rules I, and in principle, it can be more accurate if we know the dimension-four gluon condensate well. It is found that f_B decreases with the increment of m_B, and to compare with the Belle experimental data on f_B, both sum rules I and II prefer smaller pole b-quarkmass, m_b=4.68±0.07 GeV. By varying all the input parameters within their reasonable regions and by adding all the uncertainties in quadrature, we obtain f_B=172^{+23}_{-25} MeV for sum rules I and f_B=214_{-34}^{+26} MeV for sum rules II.     

暗能量的理论模型

将现有文献中存在的暗能量模型(严格的说是指解释现在宇宙的加速膨胀模型)分为三类. 第一类是将宇宙加速归因为在宇宙尺度上广义相对论的修改; 第二类是由于宇宙微扰的反作用或宇宙非均匀性的作用; 第三类为宇宙中存在的一类奇异能量成分, 它出现在爱因斯坦方程的右边. 对每一类模型, 举了几个例子, 并给以一些评述.