N-异丙基丙烯酰胺在超细硅胶表面接枝聚合及其在HPLC上的应用

通过硅烷偶联剂(γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧工硅烷)的作用,将N-异丙基丙烯酰胺在超细硅胶表面接枝聚合,制备了以聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺为壳,硅胶粒子为核的具有温度敏感性复合粒子.研究了反应条件对接枝率的影响,对复合粒子的结构进行了表征.将制备的复合粒子用作高效液相色谱固定相,通过控制柱温对蔡的3种衍生物进行分离,表现了良好的分离性能.这种温控分离主要是由于硅胶表面的PNIPAM在经历相变温度时的极性变化所致.     

表面温度敏感性聚酯薄膜的制备

通过在聚酯(PET)薄膜表面固定原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)的引发基团,继而引发接枝聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAM),制备表面具有温度敏感性的聚酯薄膜.利用X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS),衰减全反射傅立叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR/ATR),扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对接枝改性前后PET薄膜的表面组成,结构和形貌进行分析与表征;利用接触角测试仪对比研究接枝改性前后PET薄膜的表面性能;研究数据表明,随着反应时间的延长,接枝到PET薄膜表面PNIPAM的量在增加.当接枝聚合反应时间为16 h,接枝量达到0.239mg/cm2.表明SI-ATRP具有一定的"活性"特征;接枝PNIPAM改性后的PET薄膜表现出对温度的刺激响应性.     

棉纤维的N-异丙基丙烯酰胺接枝共聚及产物的温敏性研究

以硝酸铈铵(CAN)、过硫酸钾(KPS)及H2O2/H2A(双氧水/抗坏血酸)为引发体系,采用溶液自由基接枝法制备了具有温敏性的棉纤维N-异丙基丙烯酰胺接枝共聚物(cotton-g-PNIPAAm);在上述3种引发剂作用下的接枝反应可以达到的接枝率(G)排序为G(H2O2/H2A)>G(KPS)>G(CAN);研究了其他因素如引发剂浓度、反应时间、反应温度和单体浓度等对接枝率的影响,得出了优化的接枝反应条件;接枝样品的FTIR分析图谱和SEM观察均表明样品表面已接枝了聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺;DSC分析显示,棉纤维N-异丙基丙烯酰胺接枝共聚物的低临界溶解温度(LCST)与纯的聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺凝胶(LCST=32.48℃)相似,约为32~33℃;接枝率的变化对试样LCST的影响很小,但其可逆焓变(ΔH)会随接枝率的提高而增加;采用滴水试验法(AATCC 79)和毛效试验法(FZ/T 01071)检测棉纤维的N-异丙基丙烯酰胺接枝共聚物在不同温度时的吸水性变化,显示试样具有温敏特性,其中接枝率介于25%~45%的试样温敏性较高,过低或过高的接枝率均不利于获得高的温敏性;棉纤维的N-异丙基丙烯酰胺接枝共聚物试样的可逆焓变(ΔH)随试样膨胀/收缩时间变化的研究和分析结果表明,棉纤维的N-异丙基丙烯酰胺接枝共聚物对温度变化的响应比纯聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺凝胶快.     

聚（N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-g-壳聚糖）微粒的制备及其药物缓释性

以三聚磷酸钠为离子交联剂制备壳聚糖颗粒(CS);以N,N1-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,由N-异丙基丙烯酰胺与CS接枝共聚合成了聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-g-壳聚糖)微粒[P(NIPAM-g-CS)],其结构经IR和SEM表征.DSC测试结果显示,P(NIPAM-g-CS)具有温敏性,体积相转变温度33.51℃.P(NIPAM-g-CS)在中性条件下有良好的药物缓释性.     

聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)改性硅表面与血浆蛋白质的相互作用

通过表面引发原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)在硅表面接枝了聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)(PNIPAAm)聚合物刷,并考察了PNIPAAm改性表面在单一蛋白质溶液以及血浆中与血浆蛋白质之间的相互作用.蛋白质吸附测试表明,与未改性的硅表面相比,改性后的表面对纤维蛋白原的吸附量大大降低,特别是在血浆中纤维蛋白原吸附量小于5ng/c...     

基于不对称星形聚合物制备Janus杂化金纳米粒子

利用原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)和叠氮-炔基点击化学反应,对β-环糊精(β-CD)进行不对称改性,在其宽截面一侧聚合得到14条亲水性聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)(PNIPAM)链,在其窄截面一侧偶联7个硫辛酸(LA)基元,得到不对称星形聚合物(LA)7-CD-(PNIPAM46)14,采用配体交换法以此聚合物对金纳米粒子进行表面修饰,得到表面具有不对称化学组成和亲疏水性的Janus杂化金纳米粒子(Au3.1-CD-(PNIPAM46)14),该两亲性Janus杂化金纳米粒子可以在选择性溶剂水中组装形成类似于胶束结构的球状组装体。     

一种温敏型超大孔生物分离介质的制备及表征

采用改性琼脂糖对超大孔聚苯乙烯微球进行亲水化修饰(Agap-PS),通过酰基化反应在微球表面引入溴乙酰基(Agap-PS-Br),然后利用原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)反应在Agap-PS-Br表面接枝温敏聚合物刷,得到一种温敏型超大孔生物分离介质(Agap-PS-PNIPAM).考察了配体、催化剂、溶剂和温度对N-异丙基丙烯酰胺ATRP反应的影响,在优化条件下PNIPAM的接枝量达到了15.07 mg/m2.采用红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、压汞分析、激光共聚焦和蛋白吸附等手段对温敏型超大孔生物分离介质进行一系列表征,结果表明接枝温敏聚合物刷后Agap-PS-PNIPAM具有良好的温敏性,没有堵塞微球的超大孔,微球对蛋白的非特异性吸附大大降低.由于温敏聚合物刷发生了从亲水到疏水构象的转变,40℃时Agap-PS-PNIPAM对蛋白的吸附量是25℃时的2.69倍.压力流速实验表明Agap-PS-PNIPAM柱具有背压低、渗透性和机械稳定性好的优点,同样地由于PNIPAM链在40℃时收缩,此时Agap-PS-PNIPAM柱的床层渗透系数比25℃时提高了15.7％.     

活性正离子聚合与原子转移自由基聚合转换合成聚β-蒎烯接枝共聚物

通过活性正离子聚合与原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)转换合成了β-蒎烯与甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)、苯乙烯(St)的新型接枝共聚物.首先以α-氯代乙苯/TiCl4/Ti(OiPr)4/nBu4NCl体系引发β-蒎烯活性正离子聚合,合成预定分子量大小和窄分子量分布的聚β-蒎烯,然后经N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺(NBS)定量溴化,得到溴化聚β-蒎烯大分子引发剂(Br/β-蒎烯链节摩尔比为0.5).然后将该大分子引发剂与溴化亚铜(CuBr)/2,2′-联吡啶(bpy)复合,引发MMA、BA、St进行ATRP接枝聚合.接枝反应显示一级动力学特征,且产物的分子量及分子量分布可控,表明上述ATRP接枝聚合反应具有可控聚合特征.接枝产物的结构经1H-NMR分析得到进一步证实.     

单分散CdS纳米晶/PNIPAM复合水凝胶的制备及其温敏荧光特性

采用液体-固体-溶液法(LSS)制备单分散CdS纳米晶;通过自由基聚合制备单分散CdS纳米晶/聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(CdS/PNIPAM)复合温敏水凝胶.采用HRTEM、XRD、FTIR、DSC、PL等对CdS纳米晶、CdS/PNIPAM温敏复合凝胶的微观结构与性能进行了表征,变温荧光光谱研究了温度对凝胶荧光性能的影响.结果表明,CdS纳米晶粒径约为2.8 nm,单分散性良好;复合凝胶的荧光发射强度与环境温度存在一定的关联性,且呈可逆性.     

构建巯基-Ce(Ⅳ)盐氧化还原引发体系实现丙烯腈在硅胶微粒表面的高效接枝聚合

使用偶联剂γ-巯丙基三甲氧基硅烷(MPMS,KH-590),对微米级硅胶微粒进行了表面化学改性,将巯基引入硅胶微粒表面(SiO2-MPMS),构成巯基-Ce(Ⅳ)盐氧化-还原引发体系,探索研究了丙烯腈在硅胶微粒表面的引发接枝聚合,制得了高接枝度(30 g/100g)的接枝微粒SiO2-MPMS-g-PAN.采用红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)及热重分析(TGA)等方法对接枝微粒SiO2-MPMS-g-PAN进行了表征.在此基础上,重点研究了主要因素对巯基-Ce(Ⅳ)盐体系引发AN接枝聚合的影响.研究结果表明,类似于羟基-Ce(Ⅳ)盐体系,巯基-Ce(Ⅳ)盐体系也可以有效地引发乙烯基单体在固体微粒表面接枝聚合.与在固体微粒表面引入可聚合双键的"grafting through"接枝聚合法相比,铈盐引发的接枝聚合,由于活性位点居于载体表面,故具有高的接枝度,是一种高效率的表面引发接枝法.为制得高接枝度的接枝微粒SiO2-MPMS-g-PAN,本研究体系适宜的酸浓度为0.25 mol/L;Ce(Ⅳ)盐浓度为5.0×10-3 mol/L;接枝聚合宜在50℃下进行.     

Neutral hydrophilic coatings for capillary electrophoresis prepared by controlled radical polymerization

In the present study, porous silica particles as well as impervious fused-silica wafers and capillary tubes were modified with hydrophilic polymers (hydroxylated polyacrylamides and polyacrylates), using a surface-confined grafting procedure based on atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) which was also surface-initiated from α-bromoisobutyryl groups. Initiator immobilization was achieved by hydrosilylation of allyl alcohol on hydride silica followed by esterification of the resulting propanol-bonded surface with α-bromoisobutyryl bromide. Elemental analysis, IR and NMR spectroscopies on silica micro-particles, atomic force microscopy, ellipsometry and profilometry on fused-silica wafers, as well as CE on fused-silica tubes were used to characterize the chemically modified silica substrate at different stages. We studied the effect of monomer concentration as well as cross-linker on the ability of the polymer film to reduce electroosmosis and to prevent protein adsorption (i. e., its non-fouling capabilities) and found that the former was rather insensitive to both parameters. Surface deactivation towards adsorption was somewhat more susceptible to monomer concentration and appeared also to be favored by a low concentration of the cross-linker. The results show that hydrophilic polyacrylamide and polyacrylate coatings of controlled thickness can be prepared by ATRP under very mild polymerization conditions (aqueous solvent, room temperature and short reaction times) and that the coated capillary tubes exhibit high efficiencies for protein separations (0.3–0.6 million theoretical plates per meter) as well as long-term hydrolytic stability under the inherently harsh conditions of capillary isoelectric focusing. Additionally, there was no adsorption of lysozyme on the coated surface as indicated by a complete recovery of the basic enzyme. Furthermore, since polymerization is confined to the inner capillary surface, simple precautions (e.g., solution filtration) during the surface modification process are sufficient to prevent capillary clogging.     

Atom transfer radical emulsion polymerization (emulsion ATRP) of styrene with water-soluble initiator

This study presents styrene emulsion polymerization initiated in aqueous media through an atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) mechanism. The water-soluble initiator employed in this process has been synthesized by our team by reacting diethanolamine with α-bromoisobutyryl bromide. The complexation of CuBr was realized by using a bicomponent complexation system comprised of 2,2′-bipyridine and N,N,N′,N′,N″-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine. The initiator ratio influence on the obtained emulsion was studied. The obtained latexes and polymer particles have been characterized by dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy, and gel permeation chromatography.     

Surface ATRP of hydrophilic monomers from ultrafine aqueous silica sols using anionic polyelectrolytic macroinitiators

A convenient two-step route was developed to prepare new anionic ATRP macroinitiators from near-monodisperse poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) precursors by partial esterification with 2-bromoisobutyryl bromide, followed by esterification of the remaining hydroxyl groups using excess 2-sulfobenzoic acid cyclic anhydride. These new macroinitiators can be electrostatically adsorbed onto ultrafine cationic Ludox CL silica sols; subsequent surface polymerization of various hydrophilic monomers in aqueous solution at room temperature afforded a range of polymer-grafted ultrafine silica sols. The resulting sterically stabilized particles were characterized by dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, aqueous electrophoresis, FTIR spectroscopy, and elemental microanalyses.     

Preparation of thermosensitive PNIPAM microcontainers and a versatile method to fabricate PNIPAM shell on particles with silica surface

Thermosensitive PNIPAM microcontainers were prepared by using silica particles as template. Silica particles were prepared by the St?ber method and surface modified with linear P(NIPAM-co-MPS) chains. PNIPAM shell was then fabricated on the P(NIPAM-co-MPS)-modified silica particles through precipitation polymerization of NIPAM and MBA. Finally, PNIPAM microcontainers were obtained by removing the silica cores with NaOH. The materials were characterized by TEM, FTIR, GPC, and DLS. The PNIPAM microcontainers exhibit good thermosensitivity. The method to fabricate thermosensitive PNIPAM shell can be generalized to a versatile method for preparing PNIPAM shell on particles with silica surface, which includes surface modification with P(NIPAM-co-MPS) and precipitation polymerization of NIPAM and MBA using the modified particles as seed. Through this method, PNIPAM shell was successfully fabricated on iron oxide/silica nanostructures with a wormlike shape and relatively large size, which demonstrates the versatility of the method.     

Influence of Graft Density of Poly (N-Isopropylacrylamide)-Grafted Silica on Separation Performance

Poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm)-grafted silica beads with variable graft densities were prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The ATRP initiator on the surface of silica was prepared through the aminopropyl silica and 2-bromoisobutyryl bromide. Acetyl chloride was used to control the graft density. The content of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen were measured by elemental analyzer. The graft ratio was characterized by thermogravimetric analysis and the molecular weight of the polymer was determined by GPC analysis. The retention behavior of five steroids under different temperature was studied. Furthermore, the influence of temperature and graft densities to the separation of steroid compounds was investigated. The results indicated that graft density had a significant influence on the separation efficiency. Thinner PNIPAAm chains on hydrophilic silica surface can achieve the stationary phase with enhanced temperature sensitivity and better separation property.

     

通过RAFT聚合制备SiO2/接枝共聚物纳米杂化粒子

以二氧化硅(SiO2)纳米粒子表面键接的二硫代苯甲酸酯作为可逆加成-断裂-链转移(RAFT)聚合反应的链转移剂, 在室温下引发苯乙烯和马来酸酐进行表面RAFT交替共聚反应, 制得了SiO2/苯乙烯-alt-马来酸酐杂化材料. 通过聚氧化乙烯(PEO)的羟基与马来酸酐的酯化反应, 将PEO接枝到SiO2纳米粒子的表面, 增加了硅粒子的生物相容性. 用FTIR, TGA和TEM对杂化材料的结构、组成和形貌进行了表征.     

Synthesis and "schizophrenic" micellization of double hydrophilic AB4 miktoarm star and AB diblock copolymers: structure and kinetics of micellization

Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM)-based tetrafunctional atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) macroinitiator (1b) was synthesized via addition reaction of mono-amino-terminated PNIPAM (1a) with glycidol, followed by esterification with excess 2-bromoisobutyryl bromide. Well-defined double hydrophilic miktoarm AB4 star copolymer, PNIPAM-b-(PDEA)4, was then synthesized by polymerizing 2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DEA) via ATRP in 2-propanol at 45 degrees C using 1b, where PDEA was poly(2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate). For comparison, PNIPAM-b-PDEA linear diblock copolymer with comparable molecular weight and composition to that of PNIPAM-b-(PDEA)4 was prepared via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The pH- and thermoresponsive "schizophrenic" micellization behavior of the obtained PNIPAM65-b-(PDEA63)4 miktoarm star and PNIPAM70-b-PDEA260 linear diblock copolymers were investigated by 1H NMR and laser light scattering (LLS). In acidic solution and elevated temperatures, PNIPAM-core micelles were formed; whereas at slightly alkaline conditions and room temperature, structurally inverted PDEA-core micelles were formed. The size of the PDEA-core micelles of PNIPAM65-b-(PDEA63)4 is much smaller than that of PNIPAM70-b-PDEA260. Furthermore, the pH-induced micellization kinetics of the AB4 miktoarm star and AB block copolymers were investigated by the stopped-flow light scattering technique upon a pH jump from 4 to 10. Typical kinetic traces for the micellization of both types of copolymers can be well fitted with double-exponential functions, yielding a fast (tau1) and a slow (tau2) relaxation processes. tau1 for both copolymers decreased with increasing polymer concentration. tau2 was independent of polymer concentration for PNIPAM65-b-(PDEA63)4, whereas it decreased with increasing polymer concentration for PNIPAM70-b-PDEA260. The chain architectural effects on the micellization properties and the underlying mechanisms were discussed in detail.     

铅离子印迹聚合物的制备、表征及其在水溶液中的吸附行为研究

以Pb2+为模板,壳聚糖为单体,硅胶为载体,γ-(2,3环氧丙氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH-560)为偶联剂,利用表面分子印迹技术和溶胶-凝胶法制备了Pb2+ 印迹聚合物.采用傅立叶变换红外光谱法(FT-IR)、紫外光谱法、扫描电镜对Pb2+ 印迹和非印迹聚合物的表面形貌和结构进行表征;并用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法考察了吸附酸度、吸附剂用量、静置时间等对聚合物吸附性能的影响;研究了印迹聚合物在混合溶液中对Pb2+ 的选择性,比较了印迹和非印迹聚合物的吸附容量;并提出了印迹聚合物的印迹吸附机理.在最佳吸附酸度pH=4.5时,0.3 g 吸附剂吸附5 h达到平衡,Pb2+印迹聚合物对模板离子具有较高的选择性,其饱和吸附容量是非印迹聚合物的2倍.     

甲基丙烯酸甲酯在改性介孔分子筛SBA-15孔道中的溶液聚合

水热法合成了介孔分子筛SBA-15,分别用硅烷偶联剂KH-151,KH-560和KH-570对SBA-15进行了改性,将不同类型的改性介孔分子筛(M-SBA-15)作为"微反应器",把含MMA的甲苯溶液载入到"微反应器"中,通过溶液聚合法使得MMA在孔道内部形成聚合物.通过XRD,FTIR,N2吸附/脱附,GPC,1H-NMR,TG和DSC测试手段对M-SBA-15和PMMA/M-SBA-15复合材料以及孔道内PMMA进行了分析测试.研究表明,改性介孔分子筛仍保留了有序介孔材料的基本特性,M-SBA-15和相应的复合材料的比表面积、孔径以及孔容降低,表明PMMA载入到介孔分子筛的孔道中.与传统的溶液聚合所得的PMMA相比,介孔孔道内所得的PMMA的分子链的间规立构度有所提高,其分子量约为传统溶液聚合的十几倍,初始热稳定性明显提高,玻璃化转变温度提高9～11℃.此外,KH-151改性SBA-15载入最多的PMMA,所得的PMMA的分子量和玻璃化转变温度最高.