电沉积-置换法制备Pt/Ti对电极及其对染料敏化太阳能电池性能的提升

采用电沉积-置换法在Ti片上制备了染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)的对电极Pt/Ti. 形貌表征结果显示, 与传统热解法制备的Pt/FTO对电极相比, Pt/Ti对电极Ti基底上Pt催化颗粒的粒径和分散性得到显著改善. 光电流-光电压特性曲线测试结果表明, 以Pt/Ti为对电极的DSSC与以Pt/FTO为对电极的DSSC相比, 光电转化效率提高了20.8%. 由于Pt颗粒分散性和粒径的改善所引起的Pt催化性能的提高、 Pt/Ti对电极更低的电阻以及Ti基底更好的反光性能是提升DSSC性能的原因.     

丝网印刷法制备高催化活性对电极

对电极在染料敏化太阳能电池(DSCs)中主要起催化氧化还原反应及收集电荷的作用,铂对电极常用的制备方法为磁控溅射法,但其成本较高,制备条件苛刻.本文通过引入低成本的表面活性剂Span-85,所制得的铂对电极的附着力、透光率和均匀性显著改善,实现了面积可控,与两步浸泡法和旋涂热解法制备的对电极在DSCs中的光电转换效率分别为7.30%,6.96%和7.03%.紫外-可见吸收光谱、扫描电镜和附着力测试等结果表明,(1)添加表面活性剂有利于增加附着力及改善透光率和均匀性;(2)使用该法制备的Pt/FTO对电极的透光率与两步浸泡法制作的相同,且铂粒子分布更加均匀.电化学阻抗图谱、塔菲尔极化曲线和循环伏安曲线结果表明,丝网印刷方法制备的Pt/FTO对电极具有更加优异的催化性能,且该法更有利于降低其生产成本和大规模生产.     

丝网印刷法制备高催化活性对电极

对电极在染料敏化太阳能电池（DSCs）中主要起催化氧化还原反应及收集电荷的作用,铂对电极常用的制备方法为磁控溅射法,但其成本较高,制备条件苛刻. 本文通过引入低成本的表面活性剂Span-85,所制得的铂对电极的附着力、透光率和均匀性显著改善,实现了面积可控,与两步浸泡法和旋涂热解法制备的对电极在DSCs中的光电转换效率分别为7.30%,6.96%和7.03%. 紫外-可见吸收光谱、扫描电镜和附着力测试等结果表明,（1）添加表面活性剂有利于增加附着力及改善透光率和均匀性;（2）使用该法制备的Pt/FTO对电极的透光率与两步浸泡法制作的相同,且铂粒子分布更加均匀. 电化学阻抗图谱、塔菲尔极化曲线和循环伏安曲线结果表明,丝网印刷方法制备的Pt/FTO对电极具有更加优异的催化性能,且该法更有利于降低其生产成本和大规模生产.     

SO4-和I-共掺杂的聚苯胺对电极在染料敏化太阳电池中的应用

采用循环伏安法(CV)在掺杂氟的二氧化锡(FTO)导电玻璃上, 成功聚合了SO₄^-和I^-共掺杂的聚苯胺(PANI)对电极. 利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外-可见(UV-Vis)吸收光谱、傅里叶红外(FT-IR)吸收光谱、CV和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)等测试方法详细研究了I^-作为第二种掺杂离子及LiI掺杂浓度对所制备的PANI对电极的表面形貌, 结构和对I^-/氧化还原电对的催化活性的影响. SEM结果显示在聚合电解液中引入LiI改变了所制备的PANI对电极的形貌, 可提供更多的催化反应活性位点, 同时还改善了薄膜的孔隙性. 值得注意的是, 引入I^-共掺杂可在一定程度上使3I^-↔ +2e^-反应在相应的PANI电极上更容易进行. 在反应体系中 LiI浓度为0.02 mol·L^-1时得到的PANI对电极, 组装成电池时获得的电池效率最高可达6.52%, 相当于Pt对电极6.95%的93.8%, 比基于只掺杂 的PANI对电极的光电转换效率提高了16%, 说明 和I^-共掺杂的PANI对电极可以提高相应染料敏化太阳电池的光电转换性能, 有望在未来成为Pt对电极的替代材料.     

简易合成Cu2SnSe3作染料敏化太阳能电池对电极

采用简易溶剂热法合成直径为150-250 nm的Cu2SnSe3纳米颗粒.以Cu2SnSe3"墨水"为前驱体采用滴落涂布法在掺氟二氧化锡基板上沉积Cu2SnSe3薄膜作为染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)对电极.利用场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、拉曼光谱(Raman)、能谱仪(EDS)等对Cu2SnSe3纳米颗粒的形貌、结构和组成进行表征.结果表明:产物纯净无杂项且符合化学计量比.以Cu2SnSe3为对电极的DSSC转化效率为7.75%,与铂对电极DSSC效率相当(7.21%).研究表明,DSSC的光电流密度和影响因子与Cu2SnSe3薄膜厚度密切相关,这是由于不同厚度的Cu2SnSe3薄膜作对电极所对应的催化位置数目和电阻值不同.电化学阻抗谱研究说明,Cu2SnSe3因具有类似铂良好的电催化性能而适合用作染料敏化太阳能电池对电极材料.本文以Cu2SnSe3代替贵金属铂,提供了一种廉价制备高效染料敏化太阳能电池对电极的新方法.     

金属-有机框架薄膜衍生的CoSe2/N共掺杂碳膜作DSSC对电极

针对粉体MOF衍生材料存在制备工艺复杂、薄膜厚度难以控制等问题,我们通过液相外延分步生长法制备了一种金属有机框架薄膜(PIZA-1),然后以其作牺牲模板,在惰性氛围中制备了一种CoSe_2和N共掺杂的碳膜(CoSe_2/N-CF),并用作DSSC对电极,其具有制备简单、粘结力强、厚度可调等优势。系统表征了CoSe_2/N-CF形貌特点、结构性质及电化学性能,并深入研究了不同厚度薄膜、CoSe_2颗粒大小对DSSC的光伏性能的影响。结果表明,CoSe_2/N-CF-15电极具有优异的催化活性,所组装的DSSC获得了8.68%的光电转化效率(PCE),高于相同条件下Pt电极组装电池的PCE(7.97%)。     

SO_4~(2-)和I~-共掺杂的聚苯胺对电极在染料敏化太阳电池中的应用

采用循环伏安法(CV)在掺杂氟的二氧化锡(FTO)导电玻璃上,成功聚合了24SO-和I-共掺杂的聚苯胺(PANI)对电极.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外-可见(UV-Vis)吸收光谱、傅里叶红外(FT-IR)吸收光谱、CV和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)等测试方法详细研究了I-作为第二种掺杂离子及Li I掺杂浓度对所制备的PANI对电极的表面形貌,结构和对I-/3I-氧化还原电对的催化活性的影响.SEM结果显示在聚合电解液中引入Li I改变了所制备的PANI对电极的形貌,可提供更多的催化反应活性位点,同时还改善了薄膜的孔隙性.值得注意的是,引入I-共掺杂可在一定程度上使3I-?3I-+2e-反应在相应的PANI电极上更容易进行.在反应体系中Li I浓度为0.02 mol·L-1时得到的PANI对电极,组装成电池时获得的电池效率最高可达6.52%,相当于Pt对电极6.95%的93.8%,比基于只掺杂24SO-的PANI对电极的光电转换效率提高了16%,说明24SO-和I-共掺杂的PANI对电极可以提高相应染料敏化太阳电池的光电转换性能,有望在未来成为Pt对电极的替代材料.     

基于网状铂电极的新型柔性染料敏化太阳能电池

柔性染料敏化太阳能电池（DSSCs）作为一种新型的化学太阳能电池,因其精简的封装工艺、较低廉的价格、高的化学稳定性以及可弯折等优点而备受关注. 本文介绍了一种新型的柔性DSSC的制备,其光阳极为高度有序的氧化锌（ZnO）纳米线阵列,对电极为柔性、导电、透明的网状铂(Pt networks)电极. 相对于传统的铂对电极而言,这种Pt networks对电极不仅具有优异的导电能力,还展现了极好的透光性（方阻~ 100 Ω•sq^-1,~80%透光率）和催化性能,此外,Pt networks电极可构筑于任意弯曲的衬底,具有优异的机械耐弯折性能. 在ZnO纳米线阵列的DSSCs的应用中,基于Pt networks膜的柔性DSSC的转化效率比铂纳米丝阵列 (Pt nanofiber arrays, Pt NFs）膜高出了32%.     

三芳基咪唑富勒烯吡咯烷衍生物的合成及在CdSe量子点敏化太阳能电池中的应用

本文合成了两个结构新颖的三芳基咪唑类化合物5(Im)和6(Bn-Im),然后通过1,3-偶极化反应合成了C60吡咯烷衍生物7(Im-C60)和8(Bn-Im-C60),用MS, NMR, IR 等对其结构进行了表征。初次组装了七个太阳能电池,结构分别为FTO/TiO2/CdSe/Pt, FTO/TiO2/C60/Pt,FTO/TiO2/Im-C60/Pt,FTO/TiO2/ Bn-Im-C60/Pt, FTO/TiO2/C60-CdSe/Pt,FTO/TiO2/Im-C60-CdSe/Pt和FTO/TiO2/Bn-Im-C60-CdSe /Pt,对其光电性能进行了表征,结果表明：与CdSe敏化太阳能电池相比,以Im-C60-CdSe和Bn-Im-C60-CdSe为敏化剂的电池效率分别增加了5.28%和40.08%。     

CoS薄膜的制备及在染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用

通过简单的气-固反应法在氟掺杂的氧化锡导电玻璃(FTO)上成功制备了CoS对电极,并通过优化工艺,进一步确认了制备CoS的最佳浓度。通过扫描电镜、X射线衍射、拉曼光谱、X射线光电子能谱、电化学阻抗谱、循环伏安测试、Tafel极化曲线以及光电流密度-电压特性曲线分别研究了其表面形貌、物质结构、电催化性能和光电性能。结果表明,以20%乙酸钴制备的CoS对电极具有较高的电催化活性,在一个标准太阳光照条件(100m W·cm~(-2))下,其光电转换效率(PCE)为7.81%,短路电流密度(Jsc)为17.3m A·cm~(-2),开路电压(Voc)为0.74V,填充因子(FF)为0.61,显示出可与Pt对电极(7.97%)相比拟的性能。     

Metal/metal sulfide functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes: FTO-free counter electrodes for dye sensitized solar cells

The use of single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT) thin films to replace conventional fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) and both FTO and platinum (Pt) as the counter electrode in dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC) requires surface modification due to high sheet resistance and charge transfer resistance. In this paper, we report a simple, solution-based method of preparing FTO-free counter electrodes based on metal (Pt) or metal sulfide (Co(8.4)S(8), Ni(3)S(2)) nanoparticles/CNT composite films to improve device performance. Based on electrochemical studies, the relative catalytic activity of the composite films was Pt > Co(8.4)S(8) > Ni(3)S(2). We achieved a maximum efficiency of 3.76% for the device with an FTO-free counter electrode (Pt/CNT). The device with an FTO- and Pt-free (CoS/CNT) counter electrode gives 3.13% efficiency.     

Highly ordered mesoporous carbon arrays from natural wood materials as counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells

Highly ordered mesoporous carbon arrays are prepared by a facile carbonization of the natural bamboo and oak wood in argon atmosphere. The as-prepared oak mesoporous carbon arrays have good electrocatalytic activity and high conductivity, based on their well connected framework, highly ordered microtexture, wider mesopores and larger surface area. Consequentially, the photovoltaic performance of the DSSC with the oak mesoporous carbon array film as counter electrode is excellent and comparable to that of the DSSC with FTO/Pt counter electrode. In addition, it is a simple method for a mass production of mesoporous carbon arrays with natural wood materials.     

Growth of aligned polypyrrole acicular nanorods and their application as Pt‐free semitransparent counter electrode in dye‐sensitized solar cell

Polypyrrole films on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO)‐coated glass substrate were prepared in situ by placing FTO/glass substrates where pyrrole was polymerized by methyl orange‐ferric chloride complex. The atomic force microscopy image indicated growth of acicular nanorods of polypyrrole. These films exhibited catalytic activity towards I₃⁻/I⁻ redox couple and have been investigated for counter electrode application in dye‐sensitized solar cell (DSSC). The fabricated DSSC with N719 dye/TiO₂ as photoanode, and PPy/FTO as counter electrode shows ~1.7% efficiency.     

CoSe/TiN同轴纳米管阵列在染料敏化太阳能电池对电极中的应用研究

以钛网作为基底,采用阳极氧化、氨气氮化的方法制备了TiN纳米管,随后电沉积CoSe,制备了CoSe/TiN/Ti同轴纳米管阵列电极。循环伏安结果表明,CoSe/TiN/Ti电极对I-3具有高的电催化还原性能,这归因于高催化活性的CoSe和高导电的TiN的协同效应。以CoSe/TiN/Ti电极作为对电极组装染料敏化太阳能电池,电池的能量转换效率高达9.25%,比传统Pt/FTO对电极组装的电池(8.09%)高1%。这一结果为非Pt对电极纳米结构的设计提供了一个很好的思路。     

Enhancement of the efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cell with multi-wall carbon nanotubes/polythiophene composite counter electrodes prepared by electrodeposition

For the purpose of increasing the energy conversion efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/polythiophene (PTh) composite film counter electrode has been fabricated by electrophoresis and cyclic voltammetry (CV) in sequence. The morphology and chemical structure have been characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Raman spectroscopy respectively. The overall energy conversion efficiency of the DSSC employing the MWCNT/PTh composite film has reached 4.72%, which is close to that of the DSSC with a platinum (Pt) counter electrode (5.68%). Compared with a standard DSSC with MWCNT counter electrode whose efficiency is 2.68%, the energy conversion efficiency has been increased by 76.12% for the DSSC with MWCNT/PTh counter electrode. These results indicate that the composite film with high conductivity, high active surface area, and good catalytic properties for I₃⁻ reduction can potentially be used as the counter electrode in a high-performance DSSC.     

Self-assembled monolayer of graphene/Pt as counter electrode for efficient dye-sensitized solar cell

Monolayer of PDDA/graphene/PDDA/H(2)PtCl(6) is fabricated on conductive glass using electrostatic layer-by-layer self-assembly technique, which is then converted to graphene/Pt monolayer for use as counter electrode in dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). As compared to the sputtered Pt counter electrode, the self-assembled monolayer reduces the Pt amount by about 1000-fold but exhibits comparable photovoltaic performance. This finding provides a new route to fabrication of cheap and efficient counter electrodes for flow-line production of DSSCs.     

Formation of efficient dye-sensitized solar cells by introducing an interfacial layer of long-range ordered mesoporous TiO2 thin film

Long-range ordered cubic mesoporous TiO 2 films with 300 nm thickness were fabricated on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate by evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA) process using F127 as a structure-directing agent. The prepared mesoporous TiO 2 film (Meso-TiO 2) was applied as an interfacial layer between the nanocrystalline TiO 2 film (NC-TiO 2) and the FTO electrode in the dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). The introduction of Meso-TiO 2 increased J sc from 12.3 to 14.5 mA/cm (2), and V oc by 55 mV, whereas there was no appreciable change in the fill factor (FF). As a result, the photovoltaic conversion efficiency ( eta) was improved by 30.0% from 5.77% to 7.48%. Notably, introduction of Meso-TiO 2 increased the transmittance of visible light through the FTO glass by 23% as a result of its excellent antireflective role. Thus the increased transmittance was a key factor in enhancing the photovoltaic conversion efficiency. In addition, the presence of interfacial Meso-TiO 2 provided excellent adhesion between the FTO and main TiO 2 layer, and suppressed the back-transport reaction by blocking direct contact between the electrolyte and FTO electrode.     

Low temperature fabrication of flexible carbon counter electrode on ITO-PEN for dye-sensitized solar cells

<正>A novel low temperature method was used to prepare the mesoporous carbon(MC) counter electrode(CE) on indium-doped tin oxide coated polyethylene naphthalate(ITO-PEN) for flexible dye-sensitized solar cells(DSSCs).The obtained flexible MC CEs with carbon loading of 280μg cm~(-2) were characterized by SEM,XRD and electrochemical impedance.The light-to-electricity conversion efficiency of the DSSC fabricated with the prepared flexible MC CE was 86%of that of DSSC based on the decomposited Pt CE.     

A Novel Improved Method to Increase the Efficiency of Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells

A novel improved method which employs a reflective mirror at the back of the Pt counter electrode is used in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSC). The direction of the light propagation in the cells was changed because of adding a mirror and the light reflected back into the DSSC in order to enhance the optical absorption of the DSSCs. Therefore, the performance of the cells was improved distinctively. The TiO₂ electrodes were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and I‐V properties of the cells measured by Linear Sweep Voltammetry system. The results indicates that the conversion efficiency can be increased from 4.81% to 5.43% under AM 1.5 illumination when a mirror is added at the back of the Pt counter electrode in the same cell. Meanwhile, the Jsc, Voc and the fill factor can be obtained 18.65 mA/cm², 0.728 V and 0.561, respectively.