分子扭转振动固有频率与链烷烃的定量-结构性质相关研究

将链烷烃分子拓扑图近似地看作一个多自由度扭转振动系统，分子中的原子或 原子基团代表系统中的质点，化学键代表连续各质点的弹簧，用相对原子量反映质 点的质量大小，用键能反映弹簧的刚度，用机械振动理论方法计算各阶固有频率ω _i，用其中的基频ω_0和总频∑ω_i作为链烷烃分子结构信息指数，建立结构-性 质相关模型：P_i = aω_0 + b∑ω_i + c。将该模型用于链烷烃分子的15种物理 化学性质的相关分析，其相关性系数均在0.9190与1.0000之间。     

C5烷烃分子在AlPO4-5分子筛中吸附的分子模拟研究

采用分子水平计算机模拟方法研究了环戊烷、正戊烷和2－甲基丁烷在AlPO4-5分子筛中的吸附，得到了有关吸附平衡常数、吸附热、吸附等温线以及平均势能等。结果表明，在373 K，2－甲基丁烷的饱和吸附量高于其他两种异构体；473 K，环戊烷的饱和吸附量高于其他两种异构体；573 K，在所测试的压力范围内，环戊烷的吸附量都高于其他两种异构体，2－甲基丁烷的吸附量高于正戊烷。C5烷烃分子在AlPO4-5中吸附量的不同是由于他们在分子筛中的排列方式不同而引起的。低吸附量时C5烷烃分子平均势能不随吸附量变化；高吸附量时平均势能随着吸附量的增加而降低；而2－甲基丁烷和环戊烷分子的平均势能变化更加明显。     

超强酸性室温离子液体反应介质中烷烃羰化研究

在卤化1-烷基吡啶和1-甲基-3-烷基咪唑季胺盐与无水AlCl_3组成的超强酸性 氯铝酸室温离子液中，首次实现了烷烃与CO的直接羰化反应。2，2，4-甲基戊烷可 直接与CO反应，产物为酮。     

全氢菲在分子筛催化剂上环烷环开环反应的研究

在小型固定流化床(FFB)装置上考察了Y与ZSM-5分子筛催化剂以及Y分子筛催化剂上温度、剂油比对全氢菲裂化环烷环开环反应的影响。结果表明,全氢菲在分子筛催化剂上通过环烷环开环反应生成环己烷、十氢萘等单环或双环环烷烃;单环或双环环烷烃进一步侧链断裂生成2-甲基戊烷、甲基己烷等异构烷烃等,异构化生成二甲基环戊烷、甲乙基环戊烷等烷基环戊烷,氢转移生成苯、甲苯、二甲苯等烷基苯,进行深度氢转移反应生成萘、烷基萘等双环芳烃;另外,全氢菲也会通过脱氢缩合生成菲、芘等三环以上芳烃甚至焦炭等。由于扩散和吸附性能的影响,其裂化开环反应的选择性在Y分子筛催化剂上比在ZSM-5分子筛催化剂上高。因此,全氢菲环烷环开环与脱氢缩合反应的相对比例(s(NRO)/s(DHC))在Y分子筛催化剂上较高;在Y分子筛催化剂上,温度为475~550 ℃、剂油比为3.0~9.0,反应温度升高或者剂油比增加,双分子氢转移以及脱氢缩合反应增强,导致环烷环开环反应产物选择性降低。     

铂/L分子筛重整催化剂烷烃芳构化反应机理

铂/L分子筛新型重整催化剂具有碱性、单功能与独特的孔结构。与双功能催化剂对比,它对n-C_6～n-C_8直链烷烃有极高的芳构化活性和选择性,其芳构化机理可能与双功能催化剂不同。本文应用正己烷(n-C_8)、正庚烷(n-C_7)、正辛烷(n-C_8),2-甲基己烷(2MHx)、甲基环戊烷(MCP)等探针分子,在脉冲微反装置上考察了它们在Pt/BaL催化剂上的芳构化性能和产物分布。提出烷烃分子(≥C_6)主链的1,6位碳原子经与     

一种新型的分子内激基缔合物——双-β-萘基烷烃及其衍生物分子内激基缔合物的研究

本文报道几种双-β-萘甲酸多次甲基二醇酯及双-β-萘基烷烃次甲基链上被极性基团取代的衍生物的合成及其荧光谱。结果表明,它们都能形成分子内激基缔合物,对于双-β-萘甲酸多次甲基二醇酯来说,其分子内激基缔合物的荧光强度与链长有关,以三次甲基链为最大。对于双-β-萘基烷烃取代衍生物来说,由于吸电子基团的引入使两个萘环的电子云密度不等,它们所形成的分子内激基缔合物的荧光峰都比未取代的1,3-双-β-萘基丙烷有所蓝移。在极性溶剂乙腈中其分子内激基缔合物的荧光峰的位置虽然不变,但I_E/I₂值则有所降低,表现出既不完全与激基缔合物相同,又不完全与激基复合物相同的性质。     

不同链长正构烷烃在Pt/SAPO-11催化剂上的临氢转化规律研究

采用SAPO-11分子筛制备的双功能催化剂,以碳链长度为10-14的正构烷烃为模型化合物,探索了不同碳数的长链正构烷烃临氢转化反应规律。结果表明,低温下不同碳数的正构烃都表现出较高的异构化选择性,改变反应温度使反应转化率控制在85%以下时,正构烷烃的异构化选择性可以达到90%左右;随着碳数和温度升高,正构烷烃由于发生明显的裂化反应导致转化率提高和异构化选择性降低。采用SAPO-11分子筛催化材料的双功能催化剂具有明显的产物择形异构效应,异构化产物以甲基位于端位和碳链中心的单侧链异构体为主,双(多)支链产物较少。长链正构烷烃在Pt/SAPO-11催化剂上的裂化反应在低转化率以加氢裂化为主,裂化产物的碳数呈均匀分布;在高转化率下以酸催化裂化为主,裂化产物的碳数分布呈现明显的不对称分布特征。     

加速溶剂萃取法提取海洋沉积物中正构烷烃的方法研究

采用加速溶剂萃取法(ASE)提取了海洋沉积物中的正构烷烃,并对ASE的萃取剂比例、萃取温度、静态萃取时间以及循环次数等实验条件进行优化。结果表明,当样品长碳链正构烷烃含量较高或需要检测长碳链正构烷烃含量时,可使用甲醇-二氯甲烷(1∶3)作为萃取剂;而甲醇-二氯甲烷(1∶9)适用于短碳链正构烷烃含量较高或需要检测短碳链正构烷烃含量的样品。加速溶剂萃取提取沉积物中正构烷烃的最佳条件为:萃取温度150℃,静态提取时间15 min,循环3次。在优化条件下,测定沉积物样品中正构烷烃的精密度除C15为20%外,其余为3%~14%,替代物回收率为84%~114%。相比于传统的索氏提取法,该方法的工作效率高、回收率高、精密度良好,适用于沉积物样品中正构烷烃的定量分析。     

1-烷基-3-甲基咪唑溴化盐离子液体的晶体结构及性能

以不同链长溴代烷烃和N-甲基咪唑反应得到1-烷基-3-甲基咪唑溴化盐,用元素分析和核磁共振对化合物进行了表征.室温下用溶剂蒸发法得到了单晶,并用X射线单晶衍射法测定了晶体结构,该晶体属于三斜晶系,空间群为P-1.化合物采用双分子层结构,水分子参与结构的形成,整个化合物由交叉的线性烷基链、咪唑头基、溴离子和水分子组成,溴离子和水分子之间较强的氢键作用在(010)方向上形成了一个无限的O-H···Br氢键链.用偏光显微镜、差示扫描量热(DSC)技术研究了其液晶行为,证明其一水合物为近晶相热致液晶.液晶区域的温度范围较宽说明水分子起到稳定作用.     

全氧冠醚聚硅氧烷毛细管气相色谱固定液的色谱性能和机理研究

本文合成了2种新型聚硅氧烷侧链全氧冠醚(十一烷氧甲基18-冠-6和十一烷氧甲基15-冠-5),并将其涂渍、交联在未经处理的弹性石英毛细管柱上,其柱效较高,使用温度范围较宽,热稳定性和选择性较好.研究了固定液对样品的分离机理.     

Liquid-liquid equilibria in 2-methoxyethanol+alkane systems: I. Experimental results at pressures up to 400 MPa

In an optical high-pressure autoclave with sapphire windows and magnetic stirring, liquid-liquid equilibria and critical curves in binary systems of 2- methoxyethanol and different alkanes were measured in the temperature range 250–430 K and at pressures from 0.1–400 MPa. For all systems investigated upper critical solution temperatures and lower critical solution pressures were found. The upper critical solution temperature increases with increasing molecular weight of the alkane and decreases with increasing number of CH₃-groups of the alkane.     

Liquid mixtures of xenon with fluorinated species: xenon + sulfur hexafluoride

The vapor-liquid equilibrium of binary mixtures of xenon + SF6 has been measured at nine temperatures from 235.34 to 295.79 K and pressures up to 6.5 MPa. The mixture critical line is found to be continuous between the critical points of the pure components, and hence, the system can be classified as type I phase behavior in the scheme of van Konynenburg and Scott. The excess Gibbs free energies have been calculated, and the experimental results have been interpreted using the statistical associating fluid theory for potentials of variable range (SAFT-VR). Additionally, the SAFT-VR equation has been used to model other systems involving SF6 and alkanes, illustrating the predictability of the approach and further demonstrating the transferability of parameters between binary mixtures involving alkanes and xenon.     

Effect of pressure on the oxidative cracking of C<Subscript>2</Subscript>—C<Subscript>4</Subscript> alkanes

The influence of pressure on the oxidative cracking of light alkanes C₂—C₄ was investigated. An elevated pressure reduces the temperature of oxycracking of light alkanes but with further increase in pressure the effect is reduced. The applied pressure decreases the temperature of the total conversion of oxygen while the maximum conversion of alkanes is not influenced. The pressure above atmospheric promotes oxidative cracking reactions but weakly affects thermal processes. At deep conversion of light alkanes, the selectivity towards main products is nearly invariable at the utilized pressures.     

Modeling of ion complexation and extraction using substructural molecular fragments

A substructural molecular fragment (SMF) method has been developed to model the relationships between the structure of organic molecules and their thermodynamic parameters of complexation or extraction. The method is based on the splitting of a molecule into fragments, and on calculations of their contributions to a given property. It uses two types of fragments: atom/bond sequences and "augmented atoms" (atoms with their nearest neighbors). The SMF approach is tested on physical properties of C2-C9 alkanes (boiling point, molar volume, molar refraction, heat of vaporization, surface tension, melting point, critical temperature, and critical pressures) and on octanol/water partition coefficients. Then, it is applied to the assessment of (i) complexation stability constants of alkali cations with crown ethers and phosphoryl-containing podands, and of beta-cyclodextrins with mono- and 1,4-disubstituted benzenes, and (ii) solvent extraction constants for the complexes of uranyl cation by phosphoryl-containing ligands.     

Volumetric properties of ethanol–water mixtures under high temperatures and pressures

The densities of ethanol and ethanol–water mixtures were measured with a vibrating tube densimeter at 25.0, 50.0 and 75.0 °C in the pressure range from 0.10 to 40.00 MPa. Densities were correlated using an empirical model. Partial molar volumes, excess molar volumes, isothermal compressibilities, cubic expansion coefficients and internal pressures were calculated from obtained densities. This study reports the dependence of densities, partial molar volumes, excess molar volumes, isothermal compressibilities, cubic expansion coefficients and internal pressures on composition, temperature and pressure.     

Prediction of gas chromatographic retention indices of linear,branched, and cyclic alkanes from their physicochemical properties

Kováts retention indices for a series of linear, branched, and cyclic alkanes on squalane at any temperature, and on other stationary phases of different polarity at a given temperature, are related to physicochemical properties of the solutes, such as boiling point and molar refraction, by multiple regression analysis. The equations found permit calculation of the Kováts retention index for all alkanes, with standard deviations close to experimental error. The same equations can also be used for calculating the physicochemical parameters they contain.     

High pressure solid-solid and solid-liquid transition data for long chain alkanes

The thermal behavior, upon heating, was studied for four alkanes: eicosane, tetracosane, triacontane, and tetracontane at pressures from (10 to 150) MPa. Using a transitiometer, the calorimetric signal, pressure, and temperature were measured at a very slow heating rate to guarantee thermal equilibrium.It was found that from the compounds studied, eicosane was the only one that did not present a solid-solid transition; the other compounds show a solid-solid transition a few Kelvin below the solid-liquid transition temperature. This solid-solid transition disappears when the pressure is increased in a triple point of type: solid + solid + liquid.     

聚合物内压测定及对应状态模型

实验测定了PEG(M~n=200),PEG(M~n=300),PEG(M~n=400),PDMS(M~w=15000)和PDMS(M~w=20000)在20-90℃温度范围的热压力系数和密度,它们的热压力系数和内压几乎与分子量无关。据此还建立了一个聚合物内压的对应状态模型,它只含一个可调参数,能满意地适用于各种聚合物。     

A general purpose model for the condensed phases of water: TIP4P/2005

A potential model intended to be a general purpose model for the condensed phases of water is presented. TIP4P/2005 is a rigid four site model which consists of three fixed point charges and one Lennard-Jones center. The parametrization has been based on a fit of the temperature of maximum density (indirectly estimated from the melting point of hexagonal ice), the stability of several ice polymorphs and other commonly used target quantities. The calculated properties include a variety of thermodynamic properties of the liquid and solid phases, the phase diagram involving condensed phases, properties at melting and vaporization, dielectric constant, pair distribution function, and self-diffusion coefficient. These properties cover a temperature range from 123 to 573 K and pressures up to 40,000 bar. The model gives an impressive performance for this variety of properties and thermodynamic conditions. For example, it gives excellent predictions for the densities at 1 bar with a maximum density at 278 K and an averaged difference with experiment of 7 x 10(-4) g/cm3.     

乙醇和环己烷液体混合物的内压

测定了25-65℃温度范围内乙醇和环己烷液体混合物的热压力系数, 它们都很好地遵守我们先前提出的修正van der Waals模型。从模型参数B/A^2, 可以得到乙醇自缔合的破坏与浓度间的定量关系。混合物的内压不仅取决于两个组分的内压, 而且还与相互作用参数A12有关。