甲醇重整反应中Pt/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂纳米Pt粒径与催化性能关系研究

利用硝基甲烷还原法在室温条件下得到了纳米Pt粒径可控的担载Pt/γ-Al2O3催化剂,并利用甲醇重整反应为反应探针考察了Pt粒径与催化反应性能之间的关系,发现催化反应的性能与担载贵金属颗粒粒径之间存在明显的相关性.通过透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、程序升温还原(TPR)等测试手段对催化剂进行表征,发现钠米Pt的粒径大小不但影响甲醇重整反应的活性,同时也影响反应的选择性,即催化剂的催化性能与担载贵金属粒径之间存在明显的尺度效应.     

甲醇重整反应中Pt/Y-Al2O3催化剂纳米Pt粒径与催化性能关系研究

利用硝基甲烷还原法在室温条件下得到了纳米Pt粒径可控的担载Pt/γ-Al2O3催化剂,并利用甲醇重整反应为反应探针考察了Pt粒径与催化反应性能之间的关系,发现催化反应的性能与担载贵金属颗粒粒径之间存在明显的相关性.通过透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、程序升温还原(TPR)等测试手段对催化剂进行表征,发现钠米Pt的粒径大小不但影响甲醇重整反应的活性,同时也影响反应的选择性,即催化剂的催化性能与担载贵金属粒径之间存在明显的尺度效应.     

甲醇重整反应中Pt/γ-Al2O3催化剂纳米Pt粒径与催化性能关系研究

利用硝基甲烷还原法在室温条件下得到了纳米Pt粒径可控的担载Pt/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂, 并利用甲醇重整反应为反应探针考察了Pt粒径与催化反应性能之间的关系, 发现催化反应的性能与担载贵金属颗粒粒径之间存在明显的相关性. 通过透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、程序升温还原(TPR)等测试手段对催化剂进行表征, 发现钠米Pt的粒径大小不但影响甲醇重整反应的活性, 同时也影响反应的选择性, 即催化剂的催化性能与担载贵金属粒径之间存在明显的尺度效应.     

Pt/TiO2催化剂上金属-担体强相互作用的研究

建立了一种能进行粉末状样品的化学吸附、氢氧滴定、程序升温脱附、程序升温还原及脉冲反应的多功能联用装置,对Pt/TiO_2催化剂进行了综合考察。在Pt/TiO_2上鉴别出两大类Pt中心,发现该催化剂在高温(550℃)氢处理后有储氢作用,指出氢在产生和维持金属-担体强相互作用中起重要作用,提出了在该催化剂上发生金属-担体强相互作用的可能机理。     

MoO3和Nb2O5助剂对Pt/ZrO2催化剂上短链烷烃燃烧反应的不同促进作用

贵金属Pt催化剂具有高活性和热稳定性,广泛应用于催化挥发性有机物的完全氧化反应(燃烧反应).短链烷烃(甲烷、乙烷、丙烷等)化学性质稳定,是最难氧化的一类有机物,常用作考察燃烧反应催化剂性能的模型反应物.然而,目前报道的研究工作通常仅限于针对某一种烷烃底物的催化燃烧,系统考察催化剂以及助剂对不同短链烷烃的催化燃烧活性鲜有报道.在短链烷烃中,甲烷只有C–H键;而其它烷烃除了C–H键;还有C–C键.因此,研究催化剂对甲烷、乙烷和丙烷燃烧反应催化性能的差异性,对于认识催化剂上C–H键和C–C键的活化具有非常重要的意义.本文制备了MoO3或Nb2O5修饰的Pt/ZrO2催化剂并用于短链烷烃的燃烧反应.研究发现,MoO3助剂对甲烷燃烧有明显的抑制作用,但对乙烷,丙烷和正己烷燃烧反应具有促进作用,促进作用随着烷烃碳链的增长逐渐增加;Nb2O5助剂对甲烷、乙烷、丙烷和正己烷燃烧反应均具有促进作用,然而促进作用随着碳链的增长而逐渐减弱.MoO3和Nb2O5助剂的不同促进作用与助剂影响催化剂表面酸性以及Pt物种的氧化或还原态有关.NH3-TPD结果表明,MoO3助剂可以显著增加Pt/ZrO2催化剂表面强酸位点数量,而Nb2O5助剂可以显著增加Pt/ZrO2催化剂表面中强酸位点数量.HTEM结果表明,两种助剂的添加都不会明显改变Pt物种的颗粒尺寸.在Pt-Mo/ZrO2催化剂上,MoO3覆盖部分Pt物种形成丰富的Pt-MoO3界面,促进了金属Pt物种和强表面酸性位点的生成,提高了丙烷燃烧反应活性;Pt-Nb/ZrO2催化剂上载体表面的部分Nb2O5被Pt物种包覆,使得生成的表面Pt-Nb2O5界面低于Pt-Mo/ZrO2催化剂,但由于催化剂表面酸性位的提升,也促进了丙烷燃烧反应活性的提高.XPS结果表明,在甲烷燃烧反应中,Pt-Nb/ZrO2催化剂上Ptn+物种能够更加稳定地存在,这可能是Nb2O5助剂提高Pt-Nb/ZrO2催化剂上甲烷燃烧活性的关键.而Pt-Mo/ZrO2催化剂上Ptn+物种在甲烷反应中可以更容易地被还原,并且由于MoO3的包裹导致暴露的Pt位点数量降低,使催化剂催化甲烷燃烧的活性受到抑制.可见,MoO3助剂更有利于C–C键活化,而Nb2O5助剂更有利于高键能的C–H键活化.综上,本文系统性地研究MoO3助剂和Nb2O5助剂对Pt/ZrO2催化剂上不同短链烷烃的燃烧反应的影响,证实了两种助剂的促进作用与碳链长度的关系是截然不同的.     

CuO还原过程中载体和添加物Pd的作用研究

本文用程序升温还原和电导平行测定方法考察了载体SnO_2、ZnO和Al_2O_3及金属Pd对CuO还原行为的影响。结果表明, SnO_2、ZnO等载体的电子性质对担载的CuO的还原有重要作用, 在H_2气氛下具有n-型半导性的载体可作为电子中继物, 可有效地促进CuO的还原。     

MCM-41分子筛负载钼钴系催化剂的程序升温硫化研究

采用程序升温硫化（TPS）技术，研究了负载于MCM－41分子筛的钼钴系催化剂的性能，根据TPOS结果可知，（1）载体和MoO3相互作用的强度顺序如下：Al2O3＞Al2O3-MCM-41＞MCM－41＞TiO2－MCM－41，说明TiO2具有削弱MCM－41和MoO3作用的能力；而Al2O3则相反，它增加了MoO3和MCM－41的相互作用。（2）助剂CoO对负载于未经改性的MCM－41载体上的MoO3的硫化没有明显的促进作用，这和以Al2O3为载体的情况下不同，在Al2O3上，MoO3和CoO可能生成Co-Mo－O复合相，从而促进了MoO3的硫化。（3）助剂CoO对负载于经TiO2和Al2O3改性的MCM－41上的MoO3的硫化起了促进作用。     

氧化钼在CH4/H2气氛中还原碳化机理研究

采用TG-DTA技术研究了MoO3在CH4/H2气氛中的还原碳化行为,考察了程序升温速率和还原碳化终点温度对氧化钼还原碳化行为的影响,并探索适宜的还原碳化条件。结果表明,在1℃/min的程序升温条件下,MoO3在CH4/H2气氛中经三段失重过程被还原碳化为Mo2C,相应的反应历程为MoO3→MoO2→MoOxCy→Mo2C,适宜的还原碳化终点温度为675℃;程序升温速率升至2℃/min以上时,MoO3在CH4/H2气氛中的反应历程为MoO3→MoO2→Mo＋MoOxCy→Mo2C,且随程序升温速率的增大,第二段失重过程中金属Mo的生成量增大,还原碳化反应的始、终点温度升高。提高还原碳化终点温度,MoO3在CH4/H2气氛中的还原碳化反应规律相同,但过高的还原碳化温度会引起有机烃类分解生炭反应的发生,沉积在催化剂的表面,导致制备的碳化钼催化剂表面积炭增多,比表面积降低,从而引起催化活性的下降。     

耐硫变换催化剂中活性组分钴、钼的相互作用

采用常压微反评价、程序升温还原（TPR）和硫化（TPS）技术及原位红外（IR）技术，对不同活性组分的CoO/MgO-Al2O3-TiO2、MoO3/MgO-Al2O3-TiO2和CoO-MoO3/MgO-Al2O3-TiO2的变换活性及性能进行了表征测试，结果表明：单独的硫化钴或硫化钼都具有耐硫变换活性，单独硫化钴作为活性组分的催化剂活性优于单独硫化钼作为活性组分的催化剂，并且二者之间具有明显的协同效应。     

Pt/Al2O3体系的金属-担体相互作用及其对氢吸附、反应性能的影响

本文以程序升温还原(TPR)和脱附(TPD)为主要手段,研究了Pt/Al₂O₃体系在焙烧-还原-再氧化各过程中的金属-担体相互作用,并进而考察了不同温度还原后催化剂的氢吸附性能,以及还原温度、金属含量和添加第二金属组元对其正庚烷转化选择性的影响。     

还原气氛下金属－半导体催化体系Pt／MoO_3和Pt／Co_3O_4中电荷和物种传递特性的研究

利用程序升温电导法（ＴＰＥＣ）和程序升温还原法（ＴＰＲ），研究比较了还原气氛下Ｐｔ／ＭｏＯ_３和Ｐｔ／Ｃｏ_３Ｏ_４体系中不同类型的半导体氧化物和吸附氢之间电荷和物种交换的规律．发现微量Ｐｔ通过吸附解离Ｈ_２成为原子氢，在较低温度下大大加快ｎ型半导体氧化物ＭｏＯ_３和氢之间电子传递速度，显著地降低ＭｏＯ_３的还原温度，但在同样条件下却不能有效地活跃ｐ型半导体氧化物Ｃｏ_３Ｏ_４和氢之间的电子传递，因而不能明显地促进Ｃｏ_３Ｏ_４的还原．导致此现象的原因，可能与不同类型的半导体导电机构不同而引起的对氢的敏感程度不同有密切关系．     

XPS Characterization of Carbon Nanotube Supported CoMo Hydrodesulfurization Catalysts

In this paper, the effect of catalytic support and sulfiding method on the chemical state of supported Co-Mo catalysts is studied by XPS. After sulfidation with in-situ method, the majority of molybdenum in CNT supported CoMo catalyst is transferred to a species with a formal chemical state Mo(Ⅳ) in MoS2 phase, and the rest to Mo(Ⅴ) which consists of Mo coordinated both to O and S, such as MoO2S2^2- and MoO3S^2-. In case of CoMo/γ-Al2O3 catalyst sulfided with in-situ method, a fraction of molybdenum is transferred to formal state Mo(Ⅳ) in the form of MoS2, but there is still a mount of unreduced Mo(VI) phase which is difficult to be sulfided. In CoMo/CNT catalyric system sulfided with ex-situ method, Mo(IV) in the form of MoS2 is detected along with a portion of unreduced Mo(VI) phase, suggesting that not all the Mo phases are reduced and sulfided by ex-situ method. As for CoMo/γ-Al2O3, a portion of molybdenum is sulfided to intermediate reduced state Mo(V) which consists of Mo coordinated both to O and S, such as MoO2S2^2- and MoO3S^2-, in addition, there is still a fraction of unreduced Mo(Ⅵ)phase. XPS analyses results suggest that CNT support facilitates the reduction and sulfidation of active species to a large extent, and that alumina support strongly interacts with active species, hereby producing a fraction of phase which resists complete sulfiding. Catalytic measurements of catalysts in the HDS of dibenzothiophene (DBT) show that CoMo/CNT catalysts are of higher HDS activity and selectivity than CoMo/γ-Al2O3 catalyst, which is in good relation with the sulfiding behavior of the corresponding catalyst.     

ROLE OF MoO_3 AND CeO_2 PROMOTERS IN Fe-CATALYZED CO SHIFT REACTION

IntroductionAtprcscnl*FcZO.1-"rZOJcatal\stistised\\idol}'intileindtIStry'ofs}'nthcticammollia.Asx'ckllot'.FcZO-7-f'rZOIcatal\sthaslligllcracti\'it}.b[lttilecllronlitllllcolllpoulldsnotOlll\costllltlcllbutalsoarcstrollalscallccroucllicsubstallccs-\'llicllm…     

MoO3/TiO2-Al2O3对H2S吸附的XPS研究

应用ＸＰＳ对ＭｏＯ３／ＴｉＯ２－Ａｌ２Ｏ３体系的ＭｏＯ３在ＴｉＯ２－Ａｌ２Ｏ３载体上的存在状态及其对Ｈ２Ｓ的吸附和脱附性能进行了表征，结果表明：ＭｏＯ３在ＴｉＯ２－Ａｌ２Ｏ３表面存在分散状态的不同，这导致了对Ｈ２Ｓ吸附性能的不同，在相同的条件下，吸附剂的０．１５ｇＭｏＯ３／ｇＴｉＯ２－Ａｌ２Ｏ３时具有最大载硫量，且随吸附温度的升高载硫量也增加，达饱和对Ｓ／Ｍｏ原子比接近１，较好的氧化脱附温度为１５     

Fe2(MoO4)3超细微粒催化剂的制备

近年来，超细微粒因其具有明显的体积效应和表面效应已被广泛应用于陶瓷、光学、电磁、生物、染料、医药、农业等领域［‘，‘l其中复合氧化物超细微粒是近年来国内外正致力开发的一种新型催化材料，有关这类材料的制备、表征和催化性能的研究有重要的理论和实际意义．文献报导     

MoO3-TiO2/SiO2上光促表面催化甲烷和水合成甲醇和氢气

用分步等体积浸渍法制备了负载型复合半导体催化剂MoO3-TiO2/SiO2,通过XRD,BET,TPR,IR,UVDRS和TPD等手段对其进行了表征,结果表明,活性组分在载体表面高度分散,并具有量子尺寸效应,吸光阈值显著蓝移;TiO2在SiO2表面分散可增强MoO3与载体的相互作用,调变吸光性能,所形成的表面活性基元能够有效地吸附活化甲烷和水.在100℃下利用固定床环隙反应器借助紫外光的激发,通过“光-表面-热”协同作用,气相甲烷和水在MoO3-TiO2/SiO2表面生成了甲醇和氢,选择性达到85.6%.     

Molybdenum disulfide nanowires and nanoribbons by electrochemical/chemical synthesis

Molybdenum disulfide nanowires and nanoribbons have been synthesized by a two-step, electrochemical/chemical synthetic method. In the first step, MoO(x) wires (a mixture of MoO(2) and MoO(3)) were electrodeposited size-selectively by electrochemical step-edge decoration on a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surface. Then, MoO(x) precursor wires were converted to MoS(2) by exposure to H(2)S either at 500-700 degrees C, producing "low-temperature" or LT MoS(2) nanowires that were predominantly 2H phase, or above 800 degrees C producing "high-temperature" or HT MoS(2) ribbons that were predominantly 3R phase. The majority of these MoS(2) wires and ribbons were more than 50 microm in length and were organized into parallel arrays containing hundreds of wires or ribbons. MoS(2) nanostructures were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, selected area electron diffraction, X-ray diffraction, UV-visible absorption spectrometry, and Raman spectroscopy. HT and LT MoS(2) nanowires were structurally distinct: LT MoS(2) wires were hemicylindrical in shape and nearly identical in diameter to the MoO(x) precursor wires from which they were derived. LT MoS(2) wires were polycrystalline, and the internal structure consisted of many interwoven, multilayer strands of MoS(2); HT MoS(2) ribbons were 50-800 nm in width and 3-100 nm thick, composed of planar crystallites of 3R-MoS(2). These layers grew in van der Waals contact with the HOPG surface so that the c-axis of the 3R-MoS(2) unit cell was oriented perpendicular to the plane of the graphite surface. Arrays of MoS(2) wires and ribbons could be cleanly separated from the HOPG surface and transferred to glass for electrical and optical characterization. Optical absorption measurements of HT MoS(2) nanoribbons reveal a direct gap near 1.95 eV and two exciton peaks, A1 and B1, characteristic of 3R-MoS(2). These exciton peaks shifted to higher energy by up to 80 meV as the wire thickness was decreased to 7 nm (eleven MoS(2) layers). The energy shifts were proportional to 1/ L( parallel)(2), and the effective masses were calculated. Current versus voltage curves for both LT and HT MoS(2) nanostructures were probed as a function of temperature from -33 degrees C to 47 degrees C. Conduction was ohmic and mainly governed by the grain boundaries residing along the wires. The thermal activation barrier was found to be related to the degree of order of the crystallites and can be tuned from 126 meV for LT nanowires to 26 meV for HT nanoribbons.     

Sonochemical preparation of hollow nanospheres and hollow nanocrystals

Ceramic hollow spheres of MoS2 and MoO3 were obtained by sonochemical synthesis of MoS2 and MoO3 templated on silica nanoparticles (diameters 50-500 nm) followed by acid etching to remove the silica core. The resulting hollow materials have been characterized by elemental analysis, XPS, SEM, TEM, optical absorption, and hydrodesulfurization (HDS) studies. The TEM studies on the hollow ceramic materials indicate the formation of dispersed free spheres with a hollow core. The hollow materials obtained from thermally treated MoS2/SiO2 (450-700 degrees C) show the formation of layered MoS2 (lattice fringes approximately 6.2 A) with a wall thickness of 6-8 layers. The MoS2 hollow spheres are extremely active catalysts for the HDS of thiophene. Hollow spheres of MoO3 are prepared in a similar fashion. Surprisingly, upon heating, hollow crystals of MoO3 with sharp-edged truncated cubes containing inner voids are formed from the initial spheres.     

负载型TiO2-Al2O3复合载体在超深度加氢脱硫中的应用

运用HRTEM、FT-Raman、TPR等方法表征了Mo活性组分在负载型TiO2-Al2O3复合载体和Al2O3上不同形态和性质。比较了TiO2-Al2O3复合载体同传统Al2O3载体对CoMo催化剂结构的影响,并以4,6-二甲基二苯并噻吩（4,6-DMDBT）为探针考察了催化剂的超深度加氢脱硫（UHDS）性能。结果表明,在负载型TiO2-Al2O3复合载体中, MoO3同载体之间的相互作用较弱,这种弱的相互作用使MoO3更多的以八面体配位Mo物种（MoⅥ）及其二维的聚合物的形式存在。二维聚合物有利于形成具有更高活性的多层MoS2结构,明显提高催化剂的超深度加氢脱硫催化活性。