牛奶及水样中泰乐菌素酶联免疫检测方法研究

针对环境及食品中泰乐菌素残留问题,本研究将泰乐菌素分子结构侧链醛基一步直接氧化为羧基,并将其作为新的半抗原,通过免疫新西兰大白兔制备了特异性的抗泰勒菌素多克隆抗体,优化的反应条件为:包被原稀释6000倍,抗体稀释2000倍,反应缓冲液为pH 7.4、吐温含量0.1%、离子浓度0.01 mol/L的PBST,二抗稀释倍数为4000倍,二抗反应时间30 min。在此优化条件下,建立了检测泰乐菌素的间接竞争酶联免疫分析法(icELISA),半数抑制浓度(IC_(50))为1.39 ng/mL,线性范围(IC_(20)~IC_(80))为0.17~11.0 ng/mL,检出限(IC_(10))为0.07 ng/mL,与结构功能类似物交叉反应率均小于0.1%。对纯牛奶、自来水、鱼塘水中泰乐菌素的添加回收率在78.4%~105.6%之间,RSD15%,检测结果与HPLC-MS/MS方法具有良好的相关性(R~2=0.97)。本研究建立的icELISA方法适用于牛奶及水样中泰乐菌素残留的特异性快速筛查。     

保健食品中西地那非化学发光免疫分析方法研究

针对保健食品中西地那非药物的非法添加问题,该研究采用辣根过氧化物酶（HRP）与鲁米诺为信号输出系统,结合直接竞争模式探索了保健食品中西地那非的直接竞争化学发光酶免疫分析方法。基于特异性多克隆抗体,通过逐步优化策略,确定最佳免疫分析条件为：包被原质量浓度为41.67 ng/mL,酶标抗体质量浓度为1.25 μg/mL,封闭液和洗涤液的吐温－20含量为0.05%,稀释液的甲醇添加量为5%,竞争反应时间为40 min。在该条件下,建立了西地那非的直接竞争化学发光免疫分析方法,该方法对西地那非的半抑制浓度（IC50）为0.17 ng/mL,线性检测范围（IC20～IC80）为0.024 ~ 1.21 ng/mL,检出限（IC10,LOD）为0.008 ng/mL。与他达那非等功能类似物无显著交叉;西地那非样品的加标回收率为82.0%～114%,相对标准偏差均小于15%。盲样检测结果与HPLC－MS/MS确证方法具有良好一致性,说明该方法准确可靠,适用于样品中西地那非的快速筛查。     

吡虫啉单克隆抗体的制备及其间接竞争化学发光酶联免疫分析方法的建立

以吡虫啉原药和3-巯基丙酸为原料,合成了吡虫啉半抗原,通过活泼酯法将其与载体蛋白钥孔血蓝蛋白（KLH）、牛血清白蛋白（BSA）偶联制备得到完全抗原,经免疫Balb/c雌性小鼠并与骨髓瘤细胞融合获得吡虫啉单克隆抗体,建立了用于吡虫啉检测的间接竞争化学发光酶联免疫分析方法（ic-CLEIA）。优化了方法的包被原稀释倍数、抗体稀释倍数、缓冲液种类、缓冲液的pH值、一抗竞争反应时间、酶标二抗稀释倍数等条件,最适条件为：包被原质量浓度62.50 ng/mL（稀释16 000倍）,抗体质量浓度103.12 ng/mL（稀释64 000倍）,缓冲液PBS（pH 7.4）,抗原与抗体竞争反应时间30 min,酶标二抗稀释倍数1∶7 000。结果表明,在最适条件下该方法的检出限（IC10）为0.03 ng/mL,IC50为0.57 ng/mL,线性检测范围（IC20 ~ IC80）为0.083 ~ 3.99 ng/mL。与氯噻啉的交叉反应率为2.2%,与噻虫胺、呋虫胺、啶虫脒、噻虫啉、噻虫嗪5种吡虫啉结构类似物无明显交叉反应。对黄瓜和苹果样品的加标回收率为82.0% ~ 112%,相对标准偏差小于15%。实际样品检测结果与HPLC仪器方法相关性良好（r2 = 0.989）。结果表明,所建立的ic-CLEIA方法具有特异性强、灵敏度高的特点,可用于食品中吡虫啉残留的快速检测。     

酶联免疫法检测动物组织及尿液中氟苯尼考与甲砜霉素的残留

针对食品中氟苯尼考及甲砜霉素多残留污染问题,基于新设计的半抗原制备了系列人工抗原,通过免疫动物获得了可同时特异性识别氟苯尼考与甲砜霉素的多克隆抗体,并在抗体-包被原组合的筛选及反应条件优化基础上,建立了动物组织及尿液中氟苯尼考和甲砜霉素残留同时检测的酶联免疫分析方法。本方法对于氟苯尼考的半数抑制浓度(IC_(50))为1.32 ng/mL,线性检测范围为0.31~5.61 ng/mL,检出限为0.12 ng/mL;对于甲砜霉素的IC_(50)为2.13 ng/mL,线性检测范围为0.41~11.20 ng/mL,检出限为0.15 ng/mL,与氯霉素等多种类似物均无交叉反应,动物组织及尿样中氟苯尼考和甲砜霉素的添加回收率均在77.2%~116.0%之间,相对标准偏差15%,适用于实际样品中氟苯尼考和甲砜霉素的快速筛查检测。     

水果及环境水样中苯醚甲环唑的高灵敏免疫分析方法研究

采用辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)催化氧化四甲基联苯胺(TMB)显色为信号输出系统,结合间接竞争反应模式建立了水果及环境水样中苯醚甲环唑的间接竞争酶联免疫分析方法(ic ELISA)。基于高特异性单克隆抗体,通过逐步优化策略,确定最佳免疫分析条件为：包被原与抗体质量浓度组合为62.5 ng/mL和0.318μg/mL,一抗竞争反应缓冲溶液为含0.05%Tween-20的0.01 mol/L磷酸盐缓冲液(PBST,pH 7.4),一抗竞争反应时间为20 min,酶标二抗稀释液为0.01 mol/L磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS,pH 7.4),酶标二抗反应时间为30 min。在该条件下,苯醚甲环唑的线性检测范围(IC₂₀～IC₈₀)为0.49～3.90 ng/mL,半数抑制浓度(IC₅₀)为1.38 ng/mL,检出限(LOD)为0.33 ng/mL。在柑橘、葡萄、香蕉、草莓田水、湖水和河水样品中的平均加标回收率为72.3%～132%,相对标准偏差(RSD)不大于13%,对10种结构和功能类似物的交叉反应率(CR)均小于0.2%。该方法准...     

细交链孢菌酮酸酶联免疫吸附分析方法研究

采用水合肼和乙醛酸依次对细交链孢菌酮酸(Tenuazonic acid,TeA)进行衍生化,设计合成了含有氮杂共轭双键偶联手臂,可增强免疫效果的半抗原TeAHGA.通过偶联载体蛋白BSA后的免疫原TeAHGABSA免疫新西兰大白兔,成功制备了特异性识别TeA水合肼衍生物TeAH的多克隆抗体;优化确立了ELISA最佳反应条件(TeAH-OVA为异源包被原、包被浓度0.156 μg/L、药物稀释及反应缓冲液为PBS、一抗反应时间40 min、二抗反应时间20 min),建立了TeA间接竞争ELISA(icELISA)检测方法,其抑制中浓度(IC50)为1.61 μg/L,检出限(LOD)为0.08 μg/L,定量线性检测范围为0.19～12.89 μg/L (IC20～IC80).番茄、面粉样品平均添加回收率分别为67.2％～89.8％和74.8％～93.7％.     

细交链格孢菌酮酸间接竞争酶联免疫检测方法及配套试剂盒的研制

建立了间接竞争酶联免疫吸附法检测食品中细交链格孢酮酸(Tenuazonic Acid,TA)残留,并研制快速检测试剂盒。采用肟化法对TA进行衍生化,活泼酯法偶联半抗原和载体蛋白得到人工抗原TAO-BSA和TAO-KLH,以TAO-KLH作为免疫原免疫雌性Balb/c小鼠制备特异性抗体。对包被浓度、包被时间、封闭液类型、抗体工作浓度、二抗稀释度、底物显色时间等参数进行研究,建立了TA残留间接竞争酶联免疫检测方法并进行了配套试剂盒的研制。该试剂盒半抑制浓度Ic_(50)为1.48ng/mL,检测线性范围为0.06~35.95ng/mL(R~2=0.9941);检测限为0.02ng/mL;加标样品平均回收率大于88.50%;试剂盒的批间和批内平均变异系数分别为2.84%和9.49%,与食品中常见真菌毒素交叉反应率均小于1%。     

呋喃它酮代谢物时间分辨荧光免疫分析法的建立与应用

建立了Eu3+标记的间接竞争时间分辨荧光免疫分析法( Indirect competitive time-resolved fluoroimmu-noassay , ic-TRFIA)用于鱼肉样品中呋喃它酮代谢物AMOZ的检测。通过单因素实验考察了包被抗原浓度、抗体稀释倍数、竞争反应时间等参数对方法灵敏度的影响。结果表明,ic-TRFIA的最佳反应条件为：包被抗原浓度为0.25μg/mL,抗体稀释5×104倍,最佳竞争时间为50 min。在优化的条件下,方法的检出限( LOD, IC10)为0.01 ng/mL,半抑制浓度(IC50)为0.26 ng/mL,线性范围(IC20~IC80)为0.025~2.83 ng/mL,对鱼样中AMOZ回收率在78.0%~86.0%之间,各样品变异系数均小于15%,与HPLC-MS/MS对比检测结果显示相关性良好。本方法灵敏度高、特异性好,能够满足实际样品的检测需求。     

人工雌激素己烯雌酚酶联免疫分析方法的建立

本实验旨在初步建立人工合成雌激素己烯雌酚（DES）的酶联免疫吸附分析（icELISA）方法。实验首先合成了己烯雌酚的两种半抗原正丁酸己烯雌酚单醚（DES-CP）、乙酸己烯雌酚单醚（DES-CME）。DES-CP与牛血清蛋白（BSA）偶联作为免疫原免疫BALB/c雌性小鼠并进一步制备了DES单克隆抗体，表征了单克隆抗体的亲和力和特异性。在ELISA优化的条件下，方法的抑制中浓度为 IC₅₀＝9.8 ng/mL，检测限 IC₂₀＝2.3 ng/mL，工作浓度范围为 2-42 ng/mL. 抗体与己烷雌酚、双烯雌酚的交叉反应分别为 44%, 27%，与天然雌激素雌二醇的交叉反应小于0.1%. 评估了分析缓冲液中盐离子浓度、pH、有机溶剂含量等因素对分析方法的影响。本分析方法应用于水样的添加实验，回收率符合分析精度要求。HPLC法对实验结果进行了确证，证明了ELISA应用于水样分析的可靠性。     

胶体金免疫层析法快速检测水产品中河豚毒素的研究

该文将特异性识别河豚毒素的单克隆抗体加以胶体金标记用作示踪物,建立了豚毒素的胶体金免疫层析技术快速检测方法。优化了胶体金体系的pH值、抗原抗体浓度、离子浓度、表面活性剂种类以及样品前处理方法。结果显示：在最优条件下,建立的胶体金免疫层析法对河豚毒素的定量检出限为0.5 ng/mL,线性范围为0.8～10.6 ng/mL,定性检出限（裸眼判别）为12.0 ng/mL。河豚、织纹螺等样品的加标回收率为70.5%～110%,相对标准偏差为3.7%～7.1%,检测结果与LC-MS/MS法一致。所建立的胶体金免疫层析技术在现场快速检测方面具有良好的可行性和实用性,可用于大量样品的快速筛查和河豚毒素中毒后的快速诊断。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.