N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖水溶液变旋过程的液质联用和旋光研究

研究N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖在水溶液中的变旋行为.通过液质联用及比旋度分析,监测N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖水溶液的变旋情况.得到基于APCI离子源的N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖的多级质谱图,确认其水溶液变旋稳定时间及稳定状态下的差向异构体组成比例,并对N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖HPLC图中的差向异构体色谱峰进行指认.为存在变旋行为的糖及糖苷类化合物的研究提供了准确可行的方法.     

离线二维色谱结合糖苷外切酶酶解用于IgG与人血清糖蛋白中N-糖链的结构表征

基于离线二维色谱和糖苷外切酶分析,建立了一种有效、可靠的糖蛋白N-糖链的结构鉴定方法。首先采用弱阴离子交换色谱实现不同唾液酸程度糖链的制备,随后将激光诱导毛细管电泳(CE-LIF)与糖苷外切酶相结合进行糖链结构鉴定。将分离制备后的糖链荧光标记后,进行自上而下的消化(top-down digestion)以及自下而上的结构归属(bottom-up identification),共检测到IgG中的18种糖型。将上述策略进一步应用于人血清中N-糖链的分析,发现不同唾液酸化程度糖链的相对量为S1∶S2∶S3∶S4=4.7∶20.9∶6∶1。结果表明,人血清中高丰度的中性糖链与IgG的中性糖链结构非常相似,而血清中含量最丰富的是二唾液化两天线的N-糖型FA2G2S2。该方法在糖蛋白N-糖链的结构表征中具有一定的应用潜力。     

一种含N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖三糖熊果酸皂苷的合成

本文采用汇聚式糖苷化策略以48.0%的总产率合成了一种含N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖三糖熊果酸皂苷ursolic acid 3-yl -L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L- arabinopyranosyl-(1→6)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranoside 1，其结构通过¹H NMR，¹³CNMR，二维核磁谱和质谱得到了确证。     

N,N-二异丙基乙二胺盐酸盐的合成

N;N-二异丙基乙二胺盐酸盐的合成;二异丙胺;环氧乙烷;N;N-二异丙基乙醇胺;N;N-二异丙基氯乙胺;N;N-二异丙基乙二胺     

新一类抗肿瘤药物N-糖苷类化合物的光化学活性

N-糖苷类化合物以其无毒和高效抗肿瘤活性而成为当今研究的热点．本研究应用时间分辨激光光解技术,详细研究了N-（α-D-吡喃型葡萄糖苷）水杨酰肼（N-（α-D—glucopyranoside）salicyloyl hydrazine,NGSH）在激光脉冲的作用下所产生的各种瞬态物种的行为．结果表明,在266nm的激光作用下,NGSH可发生单光子电离,其量子产率为0．02,光致电离效率较高,在细胞的含氧体系中,水合电子很容易跟O2结合生成超氧阴离子自由基和单线态氧,这二者是杀灭肿瘤细胞最强的活性物质．NGSH光电离产生的阳离子自由基可以脱去质子生成中性自由基,其pKa4．02,NGSH^＋的衰减速率常数为2．55×10^9dm^3·mol^-1·S^-1．用SO4ˉ自由基氧化NGSH,得到NGSH^＋的生成速率常数为k=1．76×10^-9 dm3·mol^-1·S^-1,进一步验证了光电离结果．     

两种耐高温紫外正型光刻胶成膜树脂的制备及性能

分别通过N-(p-羟基苯基)甲基丙烯酰胺与N-苯基马来酰亚胺、N-苯基甲基丙烯酰胺与N-(p-羟基苯基)马来酰亚胺的共聚合,制备了两种聚合物树脂聚N-(p-羟基苯基)甲基丙烯酰胺共N-苯基马来酰亚胺(poly(HPMA-co-PMI))和聚N-苯基甲基丙烯酰胺共N-(p-羟基苯基)马来酰亚胺(poly(MPA-co-HPMI)).结果表明,这两种聚合物都是按1∶1的摩尔比交替共聚的,它们都具有良好的溶解性、成膜性和亲水性,并且它们的玻璃化温度Tg都在280℃以上.将它们分别与感光剂2,1,5-磺酰氯的衍生物、助剂二苯甲酮等复配成两种紫外正型光刻胶,初步光刻实验表明,其最大分辨率都可以达到1μm,并且都可以耐270℃的高温.     

全乙酰GM3三糖对甲氧基苯酚苷的合成

分别以乳糖和唾液酸为原料,制备了乳糖二醇受体(6)和唾液酸N-苯基三氟亚胺酯供体(10);6与10经糖苷化以较高收率(70%)制得α-构型神经节苷脂GM3三糖衍生物(11);11经保护基转化制得GM3全合成的关键中间体--全乙酰GM3三糖对甲氧基苯酚苷,其结构经1H NMR,13C NMR和HR-MS确证.     

N-烯基硝酮分子内环加成反应区域选择性的理论研究 Ⅳ.N-4-己烯基硝酮分子内环加成反应的区域选择性

N-烯基硝酮分子内环加成反应可能得到联桥式和氧桥式两种产物.对于N-4-戊烯基硝酮的分子内环加成反应,碳桥式与氧桥式产物的产率分别为47%和23%,约为2:1.当N-5位上的一个H被甲基取代后(即N-4-已烯基硝酮〕.却主要得到碳桥式产物,产率高达95%以上.可见,N-5-甲基的增加使得区域选择性发生了很大的变化.本文用AM1 MO方法和过渡状态理沦研究N-4-己烯基硝酮分子内环加成反应的机理,计算两个平行反应(a,b)的速率常数的比值,得到与实验吻合的结果.计算结果还表明,由于N-5-甲基的电子效应,使得反应b的活化焓降低,同时,N-5-甲基引起的构型变化,使得反应b的活化熵增高(绝对值变小),这使得k_b/k_a值明显增长,是区域选择性发生较大改变的原因.     

活性炭固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱法检测人尿中N,N-二甲基乙酰胺和N-甲基乙酰胺

建立了活性炭固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱同时测定尿中N,N-二甲基乙酰胺与N-甲基乙酰胺的气相色谱-质谱测定方法。在pH 7.0条件下,以活性炭固相萃取小柱萃取、净化,以甲醇洗脱,采用Innowax毛细管柱分离,选择离子检测。结果表明,N,N-二甲基乙酰胺和N-甲基乙酰胺线性范围在0.10～40.0 mg/L,相关系数分别为0.9997和0.9995;在空白尿样中分别添加低中高3个浓度水平,N,N-二甲基乙酰胺和N-甲基乙酰胺回收率分别为94.7%～102.6%和96.6%～101.2%,相对标准偏差均小于5.5%;以3倍性噪比计算检出限,N,N-二甲基乙酰胺和N-甲基乙酰胺检出限分别为0.01和0.03 mg/L。本方法精确、稳定、灵敏度高,可用于尿中N,N-二甲基乙酰胺和N-甲基乙酰胺的测定。     

苯并咪唑类化合物的合成方法进展

苯并咪唑类化合物具有抗HIV-1、抗肿瘤、抗细胞增殖、抗寄生虫、抗炎症、抗氧化和抗癫痫方面的生物活性,因此这类化合物的合成备受化学家们的关注.首次按照反应中间体将近5年合成这类化合物的方法分为以N-亚甲基邻苯二胺(或N-亚甲基邻硝基苯胺)为中间体,以N-酰基邻苯二胺为中间体和以芳基脒(胍)为中间体三类.通过从这个角度论述这些合成方法,期望能够为设计出更好的合成方法提供启发.     

Cun、Agn和Aun(n≤9)团簇的静电极化率

The static polarizabilities and polarizability anisotropies of Cun,Agn and Aun (n≤9)clusters have been calculated by the B3LYP density functional method,which is a three parameter mixture of density functional and"exact" Hartree Fock exchange. The calculated results are compared with experimental polarizabilities of sodium clusters. It is shown that the size dependency of the static polarizabilities per atom of Cun,and Agn clusters possesses the same trend as that observed in sodium clusters exception of the Aunclusters while the polarizability of Au atom is much smaller than these of Cu and Ag.The(α-)of Au atom is the smallest and the(α-)per atom of Au approach to the values of Cu from the dimmer to the hexamer. It indicates that in Au clusters the electrons are more strongly attracted by the nuclei because of the more electrons. However,the absolute polarizabilities of the noble mental clusters are considerably smaller than those of the sodium clusters and the electronic structures of the noblemental are much more compact.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Effect of Ag on the Grain Growth and Dielectric Properties of PbTiO3

A series of Ag-PbTiO3 composites were synthesized, and the effects of silver on the morphological development of hydrothermal synthesized PbTiO3 particles and dielectric properties of PbTiO3 ceramic were investigated. Results show that the introduction of Ag benefits the crystal growth of PbTiO3. The diffusion of Ag+ into the perovskite accelerates the crystal growth of PbTiO3 and leads to large fine PbTiO3 crystal. Furthermore, the dielectric constant of PbTiO3-based ceramic was enhanced greatly by the percolation effect of inner Ag clusters.     

酞菁染料的金属化和溴化与光物理影响的研究

以α位(2,4-二特戊基)苯氧基邻苯二腈作为环合前体,制备了多种金属酞菁,产物经元素分析、紫外、红外、核磁氢谱等分析手段进行表征.并选择了部分酞菁进行溴化,其中着重研究了不同中心金属以及溴化对染料Q带吸收的影响.结果表明,酞菁染料的金属化对于其Q带吸收影响很大,多数染料金属化后会出现蓝移,而选择合适的条件进行溴化,可以使得金属酞菁的Q带吸收出现一定程度的红移,其中部分溴化金属酞菁的吸收波长与光信息产业中使用的近红外激光器很接近,具有潜在的实用价值.     

Development of enzyme technology and enzyme engineering in China

Enzymes have been utilized in China for thousands of years for the production of various foods and alcoholic beverages. Today China manufactures and uses enzymes for not only the traditional areas of application, but is expanding the use of enzymes for a variety of nonfood areas. This report describes the present state of the art of enzyme manufacture and application in China today.     

Thermodynamics of dissolving and solvation processes for benzoic acid and the toluic acids in aqueous solution

Experimental data are presented for the solubility in water of benzoic and toluic acids from 5° to 65°C. From the solubility the molality of the monomeric form of the acid is calculated using literature data for both ionization and dimerization of the acid. These data for the monomer combined with data from the literature for vaporization of the solid and ionization in both the gas phase and the aqueous phase yield entropy and enthalpy changes for the solvation of molecular and anionic forms of the acid. A similar procedure is also applied to literature data for the solubility of benzene in water. It is shown that the hydration entropies of the monomeric forms are a linear function of their partial molar volumes. It is concluded that hydration of the undissociated o-toluic acid may be crucial to the increased acidity of that acid compared to benzoic acid.     

OPTIMIZATION OF THE SYNTHESIS OF ACRYLAMIDE HYDROGEL BY γ-RAY IRRADIATION

Hydrogels have been synthesized from 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% and 60% aqueous solutions of acrylamide monomer by gamma radiation employing doses in the range of 0.2-30 kGy from a Co-60 source. The effect of solution concentration, γ-ray dose, pH and time was studied in order to observe the optimizing conditions in the characterization of hydrogels. Gel fraction increases with dose for all concentrations indicating hundred-percentage conversion of gel at doses ≥5 kGy for homogenous solutions in the range of 20%-50% concentration. On the other hand, 10% solution provides conversion less than 86% even at 30 kGy, whereas 60% monomer makes an inhomogeneous solution which stile gives about 100% gel fraction. Swelling of hydrogels under water with respect to time varies with both the doses and concentrations due to the change of crosslinking density in the gels. The maximum volume change of hydrogels during swelling and water desorption mainly occurs within 24 h. Swelling is also enhanced with the rise of pH due to change of ionic content of the solvent. Considering the amount of gel fraction and the properties of hydrogel, the samples prepared from 20% solution at 5kGy show better results. Moreover, the effect of bacteria on hydrogel was found to be nil, suggesting a prohibition of growth of microorganism in it.     

The (3+2)- and formal (3+3)-cycloadditions of N-vinylpyrroles with cyclic nitrones and C,N-cyclic azomethine imines

The addition of Lewis acids changes the path of the reaction of N-vinylpyrroles with 3,4-dihydroisoquinoline-N-oxides: formal (3 + 3)-cycloaddition proceeds instead of (3 + 2)-cycloaddition. In the case of benzoyl(3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2-ium-2-yl)amides, reaction path does not change in the same conditions, but changing of the diastereoselectivity occurs and other diastereomer of (3 + 2)-cycloaddition became predominant.     

Contributions to the Chemistry of the Binary Compounds of the Transition Elements

Phase and structural relationships of the sulfur, selenium, and tellurium compounds of the 4d and 5d transition elements of groups IV to VII of the periodic system are discussed. Homologous elements behave very similarly with respect to the chalcogens, and this is particularly the case for niobium and tantalum, and for molybdenum and tungsten. However, zirconium, niobium, and molybdenum have a greater tendency towards formation of chalcogen-poor phases than their homologues hafnium, tantalum, and tungsten. Subchalcogenides are known only for zirconium and niobium. The number of phases and the tendency towards formation of solid solutions are considerably smaller among the tellurides than among the sulfides and selenides. The crystal structures of the telluride phases also differ from those of the sulfide and selenide phases of analogous composition. In addition, a review of the phase and structural relationships of the arsenic and antimony compounds of the 4d and 5d transition elements of groups V to VII is given.