电感耦合等离子体质谱测定铜精矿及废料中痕量锇同位素

样品经过碱熔氧化和蒸馏分离处理,用冰浴水吸收ＯｓＯ４,电感耦合等离子体质谱（ＩＣＰ－ＭＳ）测定纳克量６种Ｏｓ同位素。方法检出限为０．００１８μｇ／Ｌ￣０．０１５μｇ／Ｌ,加标回收率为９３．８％￣１０９．７％。     

提高ICP-MS质谱仪的性能

针对电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（ＳＯＬＡＩＣＰ－ＭＳ）在实际应用中存在的一些具体问题进行了改进，使之在大气气溶胶化学和黄土地球化学领域里发挥更有效的作用，从而提高了ＩＣＰ－ＭＳ的利用率并降低了测试成本。     

铼—锇测年法中锇的化学行为的研究

本文研究了不同介质中Ｏｓ的价态变化和蒸馏过程以及等离子体质谱（ＩＣＰ／ＭＳ）测定中的同位素分馏现象。用水吸收蒸馏出的ＯｓＯ４可使Ｏｓ的ＩＣＰ／ＭＳ测量灵敏度提高到５０倍。在此基础上建立了辉钼矿的Ｒｅ－Ｏｓ测年法。测得的辉钼矿Ｒｅ－Ｏｓ年龄符合叶质谱，并与其它传统制测年的结果一致。     

献血员血清中20种元素的ICP-MS测定

用电感耦合等离子体质谱（ＩＣＰ－ ＭＳ） 测定献血员血清中２０ 种元素, 采用多元素内标法校正基体效应引起的系统误差, 加入内标元素Ｓｃ 、Ｉｎ 和Ｔｌ 分别校正质量数＜ １００ 、１００ ～１８０ 和＞ １８０ 的元素测定, 用牛血清标样ＧＢＷ ０９１３１ 为质控标准物质, 检验方法的可靠性。 测定了献血组和健康对照组血清中微量元素含量, 进行数理统计, 检验其差异性。     

同位素稀释质谱法测定国际比对水样中的铅

使用热表面电离质谱，采用同位素稀释质谱法测定国际物质量咨询委员会组织的第三次国际比对研究样中的铜样品中的铅，浓缩的＾２０６Ｐｂ稀释剂分用两种不同浓度的天然丰度的Ｐｂ标准溶液标定。然后用它作稀释剂。测量ＣＣＱＭ比对样品扣 铅，测定结果是０．０５００７２±０．００００９１μｍｏｌ／ｇ，与其他国家提供的数据相比，被组织证实为最佳。     

微克级介形虫壳体样品的多元素ICP－AES同时测定

本文从顺序扫描式双通道电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱仪（ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ）的特点出发，对微克级介形虫壳体样品中的低含量元素选择最灵敏谱线和最佳通道，对各项条件进行最优化。Ｍｇ、Ｓｒ、Ｍｎ、Ｆｅ、Ｂａ、Ｚｎ的检测限分别为０．６～５．２μｇ／Ｌ，Ｃａ和Ｎａ的检测限分别为１６μｇ／Ｌ和５２μｇ／Ｌ，测定了微克级样品的多元素含量，回收率为９０％～１０６％。     

微克级介形虫壳体样品的多元素ICP—AES同时测定

本文从顺序扫描式双通道电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱仪（ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ）的特点出发，对微克级介形虫壳体样品中的低含量元素选择最灵敏谱线和最佳通道，对各项条件进行最优化。Ｍｇ，Ｓｒ，Ｍｎ，Ｆｅ，Ｂａ，Ｚｎ的检测限分别为０．６～５．２μｇ／Ｌ，Ｃａ和Ｎａ的检测限分别为１６μｇ／Ｌ和５２μｇ／Ｌ，测定了微克极样品的多元素含量，回收率为９０％～１０６％。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定水泥样品中的铅同位素比值

研究和讨论了用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP—MS)测定铅的同位素比值测定时，影响测试结果的准确度和精密度的主要因素及其优化过程。在优化后的仪器分析条件下，测定5μg/L的NIST SRM981自然丰度铅同位素标准溶液的各对铅同位素比值，获得的^207Pb／^206Pb分析精度可优于0．1％。在该条件下测定了14个不同的水泥粉样品中的铅同位素比值，结果显示：铅的同位素比值分析技术可以用来示踪环境监测样品的铅污染源。     

端视电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定白酒中铅和锰

１引言传统ＩＣＰ，多采用垂直等离子体炬管，灵敏度较低，检出限较高。因此，在卫生检验及生命科学研究等微量元素分析领域中的应用尚不普遍。近年来，ＩＣＰ－ＡＳＥ在仪器技术方面又有新的发展，其中水平等离子体炬，端视ＩＣＰ技术的使用，提高了灵敏度及线背比，其检出限已接近石墨炉原子吸收光度法水平。本文报道了用端视ＩＣＰ技术同时测定白酒中铅和锰。方法简便、快速、准确。曾用于多种白酒中铅和锰的测定，结果满意。２实验部分２．１仪器和试剂美国ＴＪＡ公司Ｔｒａｃｅ－Ｓｃａｎ电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪；铅、锰标准储备液…     

等离子体原子发射光谱/质谱在新型陶瓷材料分析中的应用

本文对近几年来等离子体原子发射光谱（ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ）和等离子体质谱（ＩＣＰ－ＭＳ）在新型陶瓷材料分析中的应用进行了评述,讨论了应用ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ／ＭＳ技术测定陶瓷材料中痕量杂质的各种进样技术。引用文献６０篇。     

ICP-MS测定土壤中铅同位素比值及地域差异性比较

建立用HNO_3-H_2O_2-HF体系微波消解前处理样品,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱测定土壤中铅同住素比值的方法,探讨并优化了影响测试结果的两种干扰因素.该方法中~(207)Pb/~(206)Pb和~(208)Pb/~(206)Pb的短期测量稳定性RSD分别达到0.12%和0.13%,长期测量的偏差分别在0.002和0.01以内,样品测量的最佳范围是10～40μg/L.采用标样-样品交叉法测定了湖南、湖北、云南、贵州、河南、福建、辽宁7个省的48个地区土壤中的铅同位素比值,结合聚类分析和主成分分析比较了各省土壤中同位素分布的差异,初步探讨了利用~(207)Pb/~(206)Pb和~(208)Pb/~(206)Pb比较烟叶产区的可能性.     

不同赋存形态土壤铅同位素比值用于判别地域性差异的研究

由于各地区地质结构不同,造成了铅同位素组成具有地域特征。本研究利用电感耦合等离子体质谱测定了福建不同茶园土壤的铅同位素比值,比较了土壤全消解和残渣态两种赋存形态的铅同位素比值的差异,发现残渣态的铅的地域性特征较强,可用来作为地区土壤的判别依据。     

Accuracy and long-term reproducibility of lead isotopic measurements by multiple-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry using an external method for correction of mass discrimination

The precision of isotopic measurements of Pb by thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) is limited by the fact that this element does not possess an invariant isotope ratio that can be used for the correction of mass fractionation by internal normalization. Multiple-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICPMS) can overcome this limitation, because with plasma ionization, elements with overlapping mass ranges are thought to display identical mass discrimination. With respect to Pb, this can be exploited by the addition of Tl to the sample solutions; the mass discrimination factor obtained for Tl can then be used for the correction of the measured Pb isotope ratios. In this article we present the results of a detailed study that investigates the accuracy and precision of such an external correction technique for mass discrimination based upon the results of multiple analyses of a mixed standard solution of NIST SRM-981 Pb and SRM-997 Tl. Our data indicate that normalization of the Pb isotope ratios to the certified isotopic composition of SRM-997 Tl produces Pb isotopic results that are significantly lower than recently published reference values by TIMS. This systematic offset can be eliminated by renormalization of the Pb data to a different Tl isotopic composition to obtain an empirically determined mass discrimination factor for Pb that generates accurate results. It is furthermore shown that a linear law is least suited for the correction of mass discrimination, whereas a power or exponential law function provide significantly more accurate and precise results. In detail, it appears that a power law may provide the most appropriate correction procedure, because the corrected Pb isotope ratios display less residual correlations with mass discrimination compared to the exponentially corrected data. Using an exponential or power law correction our results, obtained over a period of over seven months, display a precision (2σ) of better than 60 parts per million (ppm) for ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁶Pb and ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb and of better than 350 ppm for ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb. This represents a significant improvement compared to conventional TIMS techniques and demonstrates the potential of MC-ICPMS for routine, high-precision measurements of Pb isotopic compositions.     

同位素稀释电感耦合等离子体质谱(ID-ICP-MS)测定植物与人发标准物质中的铅

建立了同位素稀释电感耦合等离子体质谱(ID-ICP-MS)测定铅的方法.考察和讨论了仪器参数对同位素比值测定的影响,优化了仪器的数据采样参数.利用内标Tl对质量歧视、系统漂移进行了校正.讨论了同位素浓缩剂加入量对最终浓度测定值的不确定度的影响.将该方法应用于植物标准物质和人发标准物质的测定,结果令人满意.     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定硼同位素丰度

以硼同位素标准物质NIST SRM 951配制标准溶液,在优化的仪器操作条件下对电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)测定的硼同位素质量进行校正,求出校正因子,确定了样品的线性浓度范围,选定样品浓度为1.1 mg/L。在同样的仪器条件下首先测定了硼标准物质的硼同位素丰度比,测量误差为0.2%,然后测定了硼同位素浓缩过程中硼样品的硼同位素丰度比,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.1%。此外考察了仪器的稳定性。实验结果表明本方法“记忆效应”小,结果可靠,测量精度高。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱技术最新进展

对1998年以来电感耦合等离子体质谱技术（ICP－MS）的最新进展作一简要回顾。内容包括同位素比值分析、双聚焦扇形磁场高分辨ICP－MS、多接收器磁扇形等离子体质谱仪（MC－ICP－MS）、飞行时间等离子体质谱仪（ICP－TOF－MS）、“冷”等离子体及屏蔽炬技术以及动态碰撞／反应池技术等进展。     

Evaluation of the combined measurement uncertainty in isotope dilution by MC-ICP-MS

The combination of metrological weighing, the measurement of isotope amount ratios by a multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (MC-ICP-MS) and the use of high-purity reference materials are the cornerstones to achieve improved results for the amount content of lead in wine by the reversed isotope dilution technique. Isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) and reversed IDMS have the potential to be a so-called primary method, with which close comparability and well-stated combined measurement uncertainties can be obtained.This work describes the detailed uncertainty budget determination using the ISO-GUM approach. The traces of lead in wine were separated from the matrix by ion exchange chromatography after HNO(3)/H(2)O(2) microwave digestion. The thallium isotope amount ratio ( n((205)Tl)/ n((203)Tl)) was used to correct for mass discrimination using an exponential model approach. The corrected lead isotope amount ratio n((206)Pb)/ n((208)Pb) for the isotopic standard SRM 981 measured in our laboratory was compared with ratio values considered to be the least uncertain. The result has been compared in a so-called pilot study "lead in wine" organised by the CCQM (Comité Consultatif pour la Quantité de Matière, BIPM, Paris; the highest measurement authority for analytical chemical measurements).The result for the lead amount content k(Pb) and the corresponding expanded uncertainty U given by our laboratory was:k(Pb)=1.329 x 10-10mol g-1 (amount content of lead in wine)U[k(Pb)]=1.0 x 10-12mol g-1 (expanded uncertainty U=kxuc, k=2)The uncertainty of the main influence parameter of the combined measurement uncertainty was determined to be the isotope amount ratio R(206,B) of the blend between the enriched spike and the sample.     

Evaluation of strontium isotope abundance ratios in combination with multi-elemental analysis as a possible tool to study the geographical origin of ciders

In order to evaluate alternative analytical methodologies to study the geographical origin of ciders, both multi-elemental analysis and Sr isotope abundance ratios in combination with multivariate statistical analysis were estimated in 67 samples from England, Switzerland, France and two Spanish regions (Asturias and the Basque Country). A methodology for the precise and accurate determination of the ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr isotope abundance ratio in ciders by multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS) was developed. Major elements (Na, K, Ca and Mg) were measured by ICP-AES and minor and trace elements (Li, Be, B, Al, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Mo, Cd, Sn, Sb, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, W, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th and U) were measured by ICP-MS using a collision cell instrument operated in multitune mode. An analysis of variance (ANOVA test) indicated that group means for B, Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, Se, Cd, Cs, Ce, W, Pb, Bi and U did not show any significant differences at the 95% confidence level, so these elements were rejected for further statistical analysis. Another group of elements (Li, Be, Sc, Co, Ga, Y, Sn, Sb, La, Tl, Th) was removed from the data set because concentrations were close to the limits of detection for many samples. Therefore, the remaining elements (Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Ti, V, Mn, Zn, As, Rb, Sr, Mo, Ba) together with ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr isotope abundance ratio were considered for principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). Finally, LDA was able to classify correctly 100% of cider samples coming from different Spanish regions, France, England and Switzerland when considering Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Ti, V, Mn, Zn, As, Rb, Sr, Mo, Ba and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr isotope abundance ratio as original variables.     

Single-step microwave digestion with HNO(3) alone for determination of trace elements in coal by ICP spectrometry

A microwave digestion method with HNO₃ alone was conducted at a temperature as high as 250 °C for determination of 19 trace elements (Li, Be, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Cd, Cs, Ba, Hg, and Pb) in coal jointly by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and flow injection ICP-MS (FI-ICP-MS). The validity of determination was assessed by using three standard coals, SRM 1632c, BCR 180, and SARM 19. It was found that the high-temperature digestion led to an extensive decomposition of the organic matrix and clay in coal, and no dissolved and solid carbon remained in the final solution after evaporation. Good recoveries were observed for all trace elements in three coals, with the exception of V, Rb, and Cs in high-ash SARM 19. Additionally, FI-ICP-MS combined with the present digestion without evaporation pretreatment was proved to be a rapid and efficient approach for determination of ultra-trace elements such as Se, Cd, and Hg in coal.     

电感耦合等离子体质谱测定地质样品中Pb同位素比值

铅有 4个天然的同位素 ,由于放射衰变、宇宙的辐射及人类的活动 ,使 2 0 6Pb/2 0 4 Pb,2 0 7Pb/2 0 4 Pb及2 0 8Pb/2 0 4 Pb值在自然界中呈现相应的变化 ,而这种变化使得铅同位素成为一种有效的示踪手段和地质年代学研究的工具 ,同时在环境质量监控、放射性污染追踪及人类社会的变迁等方面有着广泛应用 .热电离质谱 (TIMS)分析技术对于大多数的同位素比值测定具有极高的精密度和准确度 ,但对于铅的测定由于难以获得一个高度浓缩且稳定不变的同位素作为内标进行质量偏移校正 [1] ,使其测定的准确度受到影响 .Rehkamper等 [2 ,3 ] 研究了…