超微粒子合成方法的发展动向

超微粒子是指粒径比光波还要短(100um以下),而性质介于本体物质和原子之间的物质。近年来,由于超微粒子在磁性、催化、烧结、光学等方面显示出独特性能,作为一类新型材料在许多领域中将得到广泛应用。国外已组织大批物理、化学工作者从事研究,使超微粒子的合成和机理探讨成为十分活跃的研究领域。本文对超微粒子合成方法的发展动向和应用作简     

椭圆法用于阳极溶出伏安法测定铜的研究

用新物理量Ｖｏｐ的椭圆法定性地分析电化学体系已十分有效。鉴于椭圆法能灵敏检测电极表面０．１ｎｍ厚度物质的优点，如能用于定量电化学分析，可能提高现有电化学分析方法的检测限１个数量级以上。本文研究是否可能以及如何实际应用椭圆法于电化学定量分析。结果表明此法简单，并有满意的灵敏度。     

椭圆法测量接触角

接触角在胶体与表面化学,矿物浮选,洗涤和油气开采等领域是一项重要的物性参数。接触角的测量方法很多,其中固滴法因只需少量试样,简便易行而应用较广。人们为避免人为因素对固滴法中作切线的影响,在此基础上提出了各种通过测量液滴尺寸计算接触角的间接方法,并以圆法,即半角法应用最广。这些方法将液滴剖面视为圆形,液滴剖面受重力影响偏离圆形,使计算结果产生误差,在液滴体积较大和界面张力较低时尤为明显。Ryley建议将油滴剖面视为椭圆,在其轮廓线上选择三点,测量六个数据计算接触角,该法不受重力影响,较圆法优越,缺点是需要测量的数据较多,计算公式复杂,难以推广应用。本文提出只需在椭圆轮廓线上选择两点,测量四个数据计算接触角的方法,计算公式比较简单,便于推广应用。     

双荼电极参比电位采样快扫伏安方法

报道一种双铂盘工作电极、相应的毛细管参比电极和竖直工电化学池设计并用于快速循环伏安测量。双工作电极包括一个常规工作电极,一个辅助工作电极。后者在使用中接地,仅提供参比电位来控制工作电极的电位。参比毛细管尖端安设在接近辅助工作电极的位置上;用０．３ｍｍ直径Ｐｔ盘工作电极,在电位扫描速度高达１０ｋＶ／ｓ都可以得到类似于１００％ｉＲ补偿的伏安曲线,而不必使用ｉＲ补偿电路。本文围绕高扫速伏安法中工作电极电     

聚烯烃的化学接枝改性

综述了化学接枝改性聚烯烃的三种方法，即溶液法，熔融法及固定相法，并讨论了接枝单体的选择，接枝机理和接枝物的性能表征。     

药物的手性拆分

手性药物在医学应用中具有广阔的应用前景。本文介绍了常用药物的手性拆分方法,包括机械拆分法、经典成盐拆分法、色谱拆分方法及酶拆分法等的拆分原理,并对它们的应用领域及优缺点进行了比较分析。以期对新药的手性拆分及现有药物的拆分优化提供一般的理论参考。     

紫外速率法的误差分析

对紫餐速率法的误差来源作了实验分析,并在此基础上提出了相应的控制措施,以保证紫外速率法及自动仪测定的准确性.     

不同于教科书中的标准加入法——开放环境下授课的实例

为了加深学生对标准加入法（standard addition methods,SAM）的理解,将其列为“分析化学英文文献选读”选修课的一个专题,在学习资源开放、学习方式开放和学习结果开放的环境下,经过学习阶段、展示阶段和拓展阶段等密不可分的3阶段式问题导引下的主动学习和讨论,获得了有别于目前教科书内容的、鲜活的SAM内容：（1）由目前的2种类型拓展为9种类型的SAM;（2）由目前的外推法SAM拓展为内插法SAM;（3）由目前的容量法SAM拓展为重量法SAM;（4）新近出现的“稀释标准加入校准法”与这里讨论的SAM存在本质差别。在开放的环境下将传统的教学问题与新思路和新应用结合起来是一种行之有效的教学方法。它至少有以下3个优点：（1）以学生已有的知识为切入点,易于学生接受;（2）所选择的材料紧密跟踪分析化学的新进展,可以激发学生的兴趣;（3）课程以专题的形式展开,逻辑线索清晰。     

聚苯胺/聚合物导电材料研究进展

从制备方法着手综述了近年来聚苯胺/聚合物导电材料研制开发的最新成果，并简介了聚苯胺/聚合物导电材料的应用情况。     

溶胶法合成YBCO微粉及电泳法制备厚膜

本文用溶胶法制备YBCO微粉,研究了不同灼烧温度对微粉粒度的影响,测定了形成YBa_2Cu_3O_y结构的温度,以及在该温度下微粒的粒度及粒度分布。对YBCO微粉的一些物理化学性质进行了初步研究,例如微粉在不同介质中的分散性,所形成悬浮液的稳定性,微粉在不同介质中的荷电性质及电泳速度等。用电泳法使YBCO微粉沉积在多晶ZrO_2基片上,经热处理得到C轴织构较好的厚膜,T_(c(0))=88K。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.