Fiber-based multiple access timing signal synchronization technique

A fiber-based,multiple access timing signal synchronization scheme is demonstrated.By coupling out the bidirectional transmission signals,a highly stable timing signal can be recovered at arbitrary points along the fiber with the help of the loop delay message broadcasted via ethernet from the local module.The experiment is carried out on a 30-km fiber placed in a temperature-controlled box.In one-day period,when the round trip fiber transfer delay fluctuation is60 ns,the fluctuations of the stabilized timing signal from the download and the remote modules were only ±125 ps and±100 ps,respectively.Also,the system error caused by transmission path asymmetry and thermal drift is calibrated,and a100-ps magnitude synchronization accuracy is realized.This method could provide new insights into the construction of a fiber-based time transfer network.     

长距离多站点高精度光纤时间同步

为了保证长距离多站点间的高精度时间同步,在利用双向时间比对法实现高精度长距离时间同步的基础上,提出了一种利用一个波长信道同时对1 PPS(pluse per second)信号、时码信号以及10 MHz信号进行传递,并使用时分多址和净化再生的方式实现多站点高精度光纤时间同步的方法.以自行研制的工程样机在长度约550 km的实验室光纤链路以及871.6 km的实地光纤链路上进行了实验验证.在实验室光纤链路上,同时在50,300,550 km处测量得到的时间同步标准差分别为16.7,16.8,18.4 ps,时间稳定度分别为1.78 ps@1000 s,2.09 ps@1000 s,2.92 ps@1000 s.在实地光纤链路上,实现了光纤链路沿途11个站点的时间同步,测得871.6 km传递链路的时间同步标准差为29.8 ps,时间稳定度为3.85 ps@1000 s,不确定度为25.4 ps.     

基于1085 km实地光纤链路的双波长光纤时间同步研究

在长距离高精度光纤时间同步系统中,为了减少后向反射光与光纤色散对传输精度的影响,本文在双波长光纤时间同步传输方法之上,提出了一种具有色散误差修正功能的双波长光纤时间同步传输方法.以自行研制的工程样机在长度约为800 km的实验室光纤链路上和1085 km的实地光纤链路上进行了实验测试,也是国内首次实现千公里级实地光纤时间同步传输.在实验室光纤链路上,测得传输链路色散补偿后的色散时延误差为10 ps,时间同步标准差为5.7 ps,稳定度为1.12 ps@105 s,不确定度为18.4 ps.在实地光纤链路上,测得传输链路色散补偿后的色散时延误差为60 ps,时间同步标准差为18 ps,稳定度为5.4 ps@4×10⁴ s,不确定度为63.5 ps.     

Fiber-based multiple-access frequency synchronization via 1f–2f dissemination

Considering the reference frequency dissemination requirements of the Square Kilometre Array telescope(SKA)project,on the basis of the 1f–2f precision frequency synchronization scheme,we propose and demonstrate a fiber-based multiple-access frequency synchronization scheme.The dissemination reference frequency can be recovered at arbitrary nodes along the entire fiber link.It can be applied to antennas close proximity to the SKA central station,and will lead to a better SKA frequency synchronization network.As a performance test,we recover the disseminated 100-MHz reference frequency at an arbitrary node chosen as being 5 km away from the transmitting site.Relative frequency stabilities of2.0×10~(-14)/s and 1.6×10~(-16)/10~4 s are obtained.We also experimentally verify the feasibility of a frequency dissemination link with three access points.     

Simultaneous remote transfer of accurate timing and optical frequency over a public fiber network

In this work, we demonstrate for the first time that it is possible to transfer simultaneously an ultra-stable optical frequency and precise and accurate timing over 540 km using a public telecommunication optical fiber network with Internet data. The optical phase is used to carry both the frequency information and the timestamps by modulating a very narrow optical carrier at 1.55 μm with spread spectrum signals using two-way satellite time transfer modems. The results in terms of absolute time accuracy (250 ps) and long-term timing stability (20 ps) well outperform the conventional Global Navigation Satellite System or geostationary transfer methods.     

Timing-jitter measurement of 78-GHz optical time-division multiplexed pulses by optoelectronic harmonic mixing

The timing jitter of 78-GHz optical time-division multiplexed pulses has been evaluated over nine decades of Fourier frequency by the time-domain demodulation technique. For downconverting the 78-GHz pulse intensity into a low-frequency i.f. signal, an optoelectronic harmonic mixing scheme with a Mach-Zehnder intensity modulator was employed. The rms timing jitter has been estimated to be 3.74 ps for 2.5 mHz-18 MHz bandwidth.     

Real-time frequency transfer system over ground-to-satellite link based on carrier-phase compensation at 10-16 level

We demonstrate a novel and stable frequency transfer scheme over ground-to-satellite link based on real-time carrier-phase detection and compensation. We performed a zero-baseline measurement with the designed system, an uninterrupted frequency standard signal is recovered in the reception station without additional post-correction of delay error caused in the route, which is because the phase error of the entire route is tracked and compensated continuously in real-time. To achieve this goal, we employed two carriers in the system and the differential signal is transferred in order to eliminate the instability results from the local oscillator at the satellite transponder as well as the common-mode noise induced in the transfer route and microwave components. The stability of 3×10^-16 with an integration time of 1 day was achieved and the time fluctuation during one day was measured to be about ±20 ps. Error sources and possible solutions are discussed. Our zero-baseline method shows a promising result for real-time satellite-based time and frequency transfer and deserves further research to find whether it works between long-baseline stations.     

All-optical pulse shaping for ultrawideband doublet pulses using nonlinear optical loop mirror with optical parametric amplification

We propose and experimentally demonstrate an alternative photonic scheme for the generation of ultrawideband (UWB) doublet pulses, which is based on an optical fiber-based nonlinear optical loop mirror (NOLM) incorporating the optical parametric amplification (OPA) effect. The proposed scheme uses both cross-phase modulation and OPA within an optical fiber-based NOLM to produce an ideal transfer function for the shaping of input soliton pulses into doublet pulses. Using the proposed scheme, a successful conversion of input soliton pulses into doublet pulses is readily demonstrated. The system performance of UWB doublet pulses is also assessed by propagating the 1.25?Gbit/s doublet pulses over a fiber link. Error-free UWB doublet signal transmission is demonstrated.     

Subfemtosecond synchronization of microwave oscillators with mode-locked Er-fiber lasers

We synchronize an 8.06 GHz microwave signal from a voltage-controlled oscillator with an optical pulse train from a 77.5 MHz mode-locked Er-fiber laser using a fiber-based optical-microwave phase detector. The residual phase noise between the optical pulse train and the synchronized microwave signal is -133 dBc/Hz (-154 dBc/Hz) at 1 Hz (5 kHz) offset frequency, which results in 838 as integrated rms timing jitter [1 Hz-1 MHz]. The long-term residual phase drift is 847 as (rms) measured over 2 h, which reaches 4×10(-19) fractional frequency instability at 1800 s averaging time. This method has a potential to provide both subfemtosecond-level short-term phase noise and long-term phase stability in microwave extraction from mode-locked fiber lasers.     

重复频率可调谐的超低抖动光窄脉冲源的研究

提出了一种新型的基于光电振荡器的重复频率可调谐的超低抖动光窄脉冲源. 光电振荡器系统可以产生超低相位噪声的微波信号; 被该信号调制的直调光经过两次相位调制之后, 使光脉冲的啁啾增强; 再通过一段色散补偿光纤, 光脉冲被进一步压窄. 实验中使用YIG可调滤波器, 可以得到8–12 GHz内步进为200 MHz的可调谐微波信号, 因此光脉冲的重复频率具有可调谐性. 当微波信号即脉冲重复频率为9.6 GHz时, 测得脉冲宽度为3.7 ps, 相位噪声为-130.1 dBc/Hz@10 kHz. 由此得出光脉冲的瞬时抖动为60.1 fs (100 Hz–1 MHz), 因此该方案产生的光窄脉冲源具有超低的抖动.     

40 Gb/s信号全光3R再生实验

提出一种新型40 Gb/s全光3R再生器方案。采用高精细度法布里-珀罗滤波器进行时钟提取。时钟提取前,通过高稳定光源对输入信号光波长变换实现信号光波长和法布里-珀罗滤波器梳状窗口对准;时钟提取后,接半导体光放大器(SOA)进一步消除时钟信号噪声。全光判决中,采用双半导体光放大器串联增大非线性性能,提高了判决门的响应速度。判决输出接窄带滤波器去除脉冲啁啾拖尾,减小码型效应。实验中,恶化40 Gb/s光脉冲信号通过全光3R再生器可以得到再生脉冲。输入恶化信号时间抖动大于5 ps,脉冲宽度大于16 ps,再生得到的信号时间抖动小于1.5 ps。再生信号相对于输入信噪比改善14 dB。连续稳定工作记录大于15 h。通过实验验证,这种全光3R再生器方案成功地实现了40 Gb/s信号的再生。     

Fast Hybrid Quantum State Transfer and Entanglement Generation via No Transition Passage

Quantum information processing requires information or entanglement that can be transferred or distributed from one location to another with high fidelity. Here, a scheme for faithful quantum state transfer and entanglement generation based on the hybrid opto‐electro‐mechanical (OEM) systems in a fast and deterministic way is proposed. By applying invariant‐based inverse engineering to the interaction Hamiltonian, the couplings in the OEM system can be controlled by asynchronized driving fields, which is convenient to be realized in practice. Taking the systematic decoherence into consideration, the numerical simulation shows that the scheme can be implemented with less time and high fidelity. Therefore, the scheme provides a promising way for robust on‐chip converting of low‐frequency electrical signal into much higher‐frequency optical signal, and thus enabling large‐scale quantum information networks to grow in size and complexity.     

Tunable slow and fast light with large bandwidth in the band-edge of gain spectrum of the wide band fiber optical parametric amplifier

We propose a novel method theoretically to generate the slow and fast light with large bandwidth and low gains, which is based on the parametric process in fiber. In our scheme, the wide band fiber optical parametric amplifier is employed and the whole signal bandwidth should be located at a certain frequency range of the band-edge of gain spectrum, and then signal waves will be delayed or advanced with low signal gains because of the peculiar feature of signal gain and phase shift. By changing the pump power, the delay time is continuously-tunable optically. The ultimate delay bandwidth and the delay bandwidth product are constrained by the shape of time delay spectrum. Our simulation verifies that 22.4 ps delay or advanced time for the bandwidth of 10 GHz with little distortion can be obtained at certain wavelengths in the optical communication waveband, and their gains are nearly zero. The tunable range is from 0 ps to 22.4 ps for the signal bandwidth of 10 GHz, and it is from 0 ps to 15.6 ps for the bandwidth of 15 GHz. This type of slow and fast light in wide band FOPA has the potential capability to produce the tunable slow and fast light for large bandwidth with low signal gains in future.     

Generation of in-phase pulse train from optical beat signal

We propose and demonstrate generation of an in-phase optical pulse train from an optical beat signal. The proposed method is based on four-wave mixing occurring between the two continuous waves of the beat signal and on spectral filtering to shape the spectrum to be symmetric about the carrier frequency. We perform an experiment to verify the proposed method and obtain a 1.5 ps width in-phase pulse train from a 160 GHz beat signal. Furthermore, we employ a pulse compression scheme to reshape and compress the obtained pulse train, and we show that a 160 GHz repeating, 0.7 ps FWHM, nearly transform-limited, in-phase sech pulse train is successfully generated.     

200 km沙漠链路高精度光纤时频传递关键技术研究

针对沙漠环境实地链路存在的温度变化大、室外风力、地表振动等多种复杂噪声来源,通过对系统反馈补偿带宽、反馈补偿强度、光功率等时频传递系统关键参数的优化配置,研究了不同反馈补偿参数下复杂链路噪声的有效抑制技术.全链路的频率传递稳定度8×10~(-14)@1s,1×10~(-16)@1000 s,千秒尺度下时间信号传递的时间方差仅为1.2 ps.实现了氢钟信号在200 km量级沙漠环境实地链路的无损传输.该验证实验在基于短基线干涉测量的卫星测轨系统中发挥了重要作用.     

Picosecond time delay fluorimetry using a jitter-free streak camera

A streak camera driven with picosecond accuracy by a laser-activated cryogenic Si-switch has been used to measure the decay time of malachite green in water by a pulse fluorimetry technique. The single shot timing accuracy of the streak camera (a few ps) corresponds to ～10% of the optical pulsewidth. The overall stability of the system allows the averaging of hundreds of laser shots without image translation improving both the signal to noise ratio and timing accuracy of the measurements.. The subpicosecond timing accuracy afforded by shot averaging has enabled us to measure a 2 ps fluorescence decay time for a low quantum yield sample with a 20 ps excitation pulse.     

Differential group delay monitoring using an all-optical signal spectrum-analyser

We demonstrate an all-optical device that monitors differential group delay (DGD) degradation of picosecond optical pulses. This device is based on an ultrafast all-optical signal analyser that uses nonlinear effects (cross-phase modulation) to transfer rapid temporal fluctuations into frequency domain effects that can be measured on an conventional optical spectrum analyser (incorporating a slow-detector). This monitoring scheme will enable rapid dynamic monitoring and compensation of DGD in ultrafast optical networks, at 160 Gb/s data rates and beyond, where electronic monitoring techniques cannot operate. We discuss the required signal polarisation condition.     

All-Fiber Self-Injection Seeding for Optical Timing Jitter Reduction in a Chirp Compensated Gain-Switched DFB Laser

We demonstrate an original all-fiber self-injection seeding technique based on a noninterferometric reflector for the optical timing jitter reduction in a chirp compen sated gain-switched Distributed FeedBack (DFB) laser. Two experiments, at 2.5 and 5 GHz, show standard deviations of the optical timing jitter of 0.28 ps and a reduction factor of 17 in the best case. The self-injection seeding sensitivity to polarization effects and to modulating frequency changes was measured in terms of standard deviation. A final experiment at 10 GHz, with no external feedback, shows an optical timing jitter down to 0.4 ps due to a time dynamics of spontaneous emission fluctuations slower than the pulse period.     

50 GHz optical true time delay beamforming in hybrid optical/mm-wave access networks with multi-core optical fiber distribution

We propose and experimentally validate an optical true time delay beamforming scheme with straightforward integration into hybrid optical/millimeter(mm)-wave access networks. In the proposed approach, the most complex functions, including the beamforming network, are implemented in a central office, reducing the complexity and cost of remote antenna units. Different cores in a multi-core fiber are used to distribute the modulated signals to high-speed photodetectors acting as heterodyne mixers. The mm-wave carrier frequency is fixed to 50 GHz(VBand), thereby imposing a progressive delay between antenna elements of a few picoseconds. That true time delay is achieved with an accuracy lower than 1 ps and low phase noise.     

Optoelectronic delay-time controller for laser pulses

A dc-voltage-controlled optoelectronic delay line for continuous tuning of the relative delay time of an optical pulse train generated from a gain-switched laser diode is demonstrated. A maximum tunable range delay time of 3.9 ns ( approximately 2 periods) for optical pulses at a 500-MHz repetition rate is reported, which corresponds to a phase shift of as much as 4pi. The tuning responsivity and resolution of the current apparatus are 0.54 ps/mV and <0.2 ps, respectively. The measured timing fluctuation and long-term drift at any delay time are 0.13 ps and 20 fs/min, respectively. This scheme further permits the simultaneous phase tracking of the laser pulse train to unknown signals generated from the device under test.