New approach for representation of molecular surface

A new algorithm is proposed for approximation to the molecular surface. It starts with a triangular mesh built on an ellipsoid embracing the whole molecular surface. The triangular mesh is obtained from an icosahedron subdivision sphere with highly uniform vertex distribution, and the embracing surface is deflated stepwise to the best adherence of its triangles onto the surface of the molecule. The deflating direction of each vertex of a triangle is defined by the vector normal at this point to the previous deflated embracing surface. Our results show that the speed of the triangulation embracing ellipsoid method and the quality of the surface obtained by the method are faster and better than the method that starts with a quadrilateral mesh built from meridian and parallel representations on an embracing sphere to get the molecular surface. Furthermore, the surface obtained by the method can be used directly to approximate the molecular surface by spherical harmonic expansions. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 19: 1805–1815, 1998     

分子逻辑器件研究进展

分子器件具有尺寸小、设计合成可控、存储量大、反应速度快、人工智能等诸多优点,是当今化学、物理和材料等领域研究最为重要的一个交叉领域.综述了近些年来分子逻辑器件领域的研究进展.介绍了各种类型的分子逻辑门、半(加)减法器、分子逻辑线路以及DNA分子和固态分子计算.最后提出了分子器件存在的问题并展望了其应用前景.     

分子陀螺的设计、合成与组装

近来,科学家设计和合成了系列分子水平的陀螺。类似于儿童的玩具陀螺仪,这种分子陀螺由一个转子、一个定子框架和连接定子和转子的轴组成。定子框架通过自身的刚性结构为中心转子的转动提供足够的内在自由度,得以对内部的转子实施保护。并使得分子陀螺成为一个理想的分子转子。当转子上有偶极距时,则可能在外来电、磁、光的刺激下进行定向转动,成为分子马达。化学家们通过X射线晶体衍射技术、动态核磁技术、理论计算化学、热力学分析等方法表征了分子陀螺的各种特征,并积极探索其潜在的应用价值。本文着重介绍分子陀螺,以及超分子陀螺仪的发展历史以及研究进展。     

Method for Smoothing the Boundaries of the Van Der Waals Models of Molecules

A geometrical method is suggested for representing a molecule by a smoothed region. The effective volume and surface area are calculated, which results in more adequate proportionality of interactant molecules compared to the classical van der Waals models.     

模板剂在分子筛合成过程中的作用机理

启用分子模拟途径,通过Lennard-Jones势对模板剂分子与分子筛骨架间非成键作用的能学分析,论证n=5、6的双季铵盐［(CH₃)₃N(CH₂)_nN(CH₃)₃］Br₂在ZSM-50分子筛骨架合成过程中所起的模板作用。     

杯芳烃-卟啉化合物的合成及性质

杯芳烃和卟啉通过共价键连结或者分子间作用力聚集形成的杯芳烃-卟啉化合物在分子识别、分子催化、分子自组装等方面有潜在的用途. 本工作综述了杯芳烃-卟啉化合物的合成及性质.     

分子基逻辑材料*

在适当的条件下分子开关将输入的信息转换为输出信号,利用这一特点,可在分子体系根据二进位布尔逻辑规则实现信号转换。目前,用化学体系进行基本的布尔逻辑功能执行 (PASS、YES、NOT、AND、NAND、OR、NOR、XNOR和INH)都已成为可能。在此基础上,逻辑门的整合与编程,以及更进一步的复杂分子运算开始受到人们的关注。迄今为止,以高灵敏性的荧光输出信号为主,人们在分子水平上设计实现了多种复杂的逻辑电路,包括组合逻辑电路和时序逻辑电路等,并开始涉及信息处理的安全平台设计。本文主要介绍了近年来利用分子荧光开关体系模拟数字逻辑电路过程中所取得的最新进展,对分子逻辑电路研究的热点和问题进行了展望。     

分子力学和分子动力学方法研究不同变质程度烟煤的分子结构

采用分子力学和分子动力学模拟方法 ,研究了不同变质程度烟煤的三维分子构型和能量参数。结果表明 :随变质程度的增加 ,煤分子内平行的芳香片层结构增大。不同变质程度烟煤分子在团聚前后的成键相互作用能仅略有变化 ,其中扭转能Et 的变化相对较为显著 ,并且扭转能随煤阶的增加呈逐渐减小的趋势。非成键作用能 ,特别是超过三个原子的范德华作用能 ,是煤中的重要相互作用能 ,是模型分子团聚的重要驱动力 ,对于烟煤分子聚集状态的形成起着决定性的作用。同时随煤阶的升高 ,超过三个原子的范德华作用能逐渐增加。模型分子的总势能随煤阶的变化呈两头高、中间低的趋势 ,与煤的一些宏观物理性质有一定的相一致性。     

分子工程和化学工程

分子工程从分子水平研究产品的设计和开发以及过程的设计和开发问题,在化学工程领域中,是一个活跃的前沿。它的重要基础是分子结构与热力学性质、传递性质以及反应动力学性质之间的定量关系。研究这些关系分别是分子热力学、分子传递现象和分子反应动力学的任务。本文着重讨论它们的进展。     

晶体工程及其在化学中的应用

晶体工程是实现分子到材料的一条重要途径 ,化学家致力于晶体工程是为了更好了解分子间的相互作用以便设计新颖的固体材料及固体反应     

4,4′‐Bipyridine as a Unidirectional Switching Unit for a Molecular Pushing Motor

A chirality switch in which the intrinsic chirality of a 4,4′‐bipyridine is combined with a metal‐ion‐induced switching principle is described. In the uncomplexed state the 4,4′‐bipyridine unit, which is linked to an S,S,S,S‐configured cyclic imidazole peptide, is P‐configured. The addition of zinc ions leads to a rotation around the C?C bond axis of the 4,4′‐bipyridine and the M isomer of the metal complex is formed. By addition of a stronger complexing agent the metal ions are removed and the switch returns to its initial position. The combination of the chirality switch with a second switching unit allows the construction of a molecular pushing motor, which is driven chemically and by light.     

Orthogonal addressable monolayers for integrating molecular logic

Plug and play: The mimicking of integrated circuits by using two individual monolayers (molecular chips) is shown. These monolayers can be individually addressed using identical inputs. Upon combination of their optical outputs, the input/output characteristics of a molecular encoder is obtained. Since the encoder functionality is only displayed when both chips are active, the device behaves according to a plug-and-play principle (In=input; see picture).     

Dynamics Studies on Molecular Diffusion in Zeolites

1 INTRODUCTION Zeolites have attracted much attention in both scientific and industrial areas for their special characteristics and multiple uses. Zeolites are composed of TO4 (T = Si, Al, Ga, P, etc.) tetrahedra which are connected with each other by sharing oxygen atoms to produce a complex and repetitive three-dimensional atom network with regular molecular dimension cavities joined by channels. Shape selectivity is the most important property of zeolites. Combined with the possib…     

Effect of temperature on the molecular association in liquid D-methanol using neutron diffraction data

Hydrogen-bonded cluster analysis of liquid D-methanol data at room and elevated temperatures was carried out and nature of molecular association was extracted. The analysis, based on a choice of suitable centre structure corresponding to an effective pair potential, hardsphere plus a square-well ledge, determines if the H-bonded clusters are broken with the rise in temperature. It is shown that clusters present at room temperature are more or less preserved at elevated temperatures. At low Q (Q being the scattering vector), Ornstein–Zernike behaviour is produced extremely well. The analysis enables the extraction of atom–atom distribution functions, such as g _OO(r), g _OD(r) and g _DD(r), the variation of which with temperature confirm the same observation.     

Applications of the molecular orbital graph theory (XI)——The molecular moment's method of evaluating π-bond grade and judging relative reactivity of even AH

The tree graph method of evaluating the local molecular moment is proposed. By applying this method and the molecular moment formula of π-electron energy in the molecular orbital graph theory, a topological method of using the molecular moment to judge the relatively reactive point of even AH is achieved.     

自组装分子电子器件

自组装技术是解决有机功能分子与电极连接问题最有希望的技术之一,近-来在构筑分子电子器件中得到了越来越多的应用,成为分子电子学发展的一个重要方向.本文介绍了自组装技术在制备分子器件中的应用.并讨论了自组装分子器件的前景和面临的一些问题.     

化学及生物体系中的分别识别*

分子识别的目标是研究分子间专一性地相互作用, 这在化学及生命过程中起着非常重要的作用。本文综述了分子识别的机制及其在化学、生命科学、材料、信息等有关学科中的应用。