NaNO3和NaClO4在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中的离子溶剂化

利用红外光谱研究了NaNO₃和NaClO₄在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)溶剂中发生离子-溶剂和离子-离子的相互作用, 分析结果表明, DMF的OC-N谱带发生了明显的变化. 定量计算了在Na⁺浓度为0.22~1.24 mol/kg范围内的溶剂化数为1~4. 对谱图中酰胺基上C-N和CO的特征峰强度随Na⁺浓度变化的对比, 推测离子溶剂化作用导致DMF的酰胺基内部形成共轭键. 利用量子化学方法进行优化及热力学性质计算, 得到C-N键伸缩振动频率及红外光谱强度变化规律. 优化结构与实验结论相符合. 由NaNO₃的ν₂谱带及NaClO₄的ν₁谱带的解析得到溶液中阴离子缔合效应的一般规律, 并通过阴离子缔合特征峰与酰胺基上的N-C-N面外振动峰(865 cm^-1)的变化情况, 讨论了溶液中的离子溶剂化作用.     

盐对甲醇微观结构的影响

利用拉曼光谱研究盐对甲醇微观结构的影响.比较了不同盐/甲醇体系的O—H伸缩谱段和C—O伸缩谱段的超额拉曼光谱,对比给出了阴、阳离子与甲醇的相互作用.O—H伸缩谱段的超额拉曼光谱明显地显示了阴离子与甲醇形成弱氢键,氢键强度排序为CH3OH-CH3OHCl--CH3OHNO3--CH3OHClO4--CH3OH,在这个波段内,基本观察不到阳离子与甲醇的相互作用.在C—O伸缩谱段内,阴阳离子均有显著的体现,且与它们作用的甲醇C—O伸缩振动频率有如下的关系:CH3—OH(阴离子)CH3—OH(体相)CH3—OH(阳离子).根据C—O伸缩谱段的超额拉曼光谱,拟合了该谱段的拉曼光谱,由分解的谱峰强度得到阴、阳离子第一溶剂化层中甲醇分子的数目,结果显示在该浓度(～0.005)下离子对第一溶剂化层以外的甲醇氢键网络结构没有明显影响.     

冠醚过渡金属络合物的制备及振动光谱研究

本工作以12-冠-4、15-冠-5、18-冠-6为配体合成了过渡金属Cr³⁺、Fe³⁺、Mn²⁺、Co²⁺、Ni²⁺、CO²⁺的硝酸盐和氯化物两个系列的络合物,共26个对这26种络合物进行了红外、拉曼光谱的测定。光谱中,冠醚的OC-O-C伸缩振动、环弯曲、"环呼吸"振动以及CH₂面内摇摆振动在络合物形成后出现了规律性变化。     

2-乙酰基-1-甲基吡咯激发态结构动力学及溶剂效应的共振拉曼光谱和密度泛函理论计算

获取了覆盖紫外光谱中A带和B带吸收的共7个不同激发波长的共振拉曼光谱, 并结合密度泛函理论方法研究了2-乙酰基-1-甲基吡咯(2-Ac-NMP)的A带和B带电子激发和Franck-Condon区域结构动力学. 在TD-B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)计算水平上, A带和B带吸收的跃迁主体为π→π^* . A带和B带共振拉曼光谱分别指认为13个振动模式和8个振动模式的基频、泛频和组合频, 其中C＝O伸缩振动(ν₈)、C3-C4-C5不对称伸缩振动+C2-C6伸缩振动(ν₁₄)及环上CH面内摇摆(ν₁₈)对拉曼光谱强度贡献最大, 表明2-Ac-NMP的S_π激发态结构动力学主要沿反应坐标展开. 考察了溶剂对共振拉曼光谱强度模式的影响, 结果表明, 在同一溶剂中, 随激发波长由长变短, C＝O伸缩振动模(ν₈)的强度呈现出由强变弱再变强的现象. 这种变化规律与Franck-Condon区域S_n/S_π态混合或势能面交叉相关, 并受溶剂的有效调控.     

密度泛函理论及光谱对CuCl2溶液中微团簇的研究

利用密度泛函理论和拉曼光谱对氯化铜溶液第一溶剂化层中的微团簇进行了研究。采用B3LYP方法对溶液中可能存在的团簇构型进行优化,从动力学和热力学方面分析得出溶液中团簇结构信息。理论拉曼光谱在100~500 cm~(-1)主要为Cu—O的伸缩振动峰,3400~4000 cm~(-1)范围内为O—H的对称和不对称伸缩振动。实验光谱在200~340 cm~(-1)出现明显新峰,位于2500~4000 cm-1的O—H伸缩振动峰随着溶液浓度的增加,峰的强度逐渐减小,峰形有明显变化。实验光谱和理论光谱验证和比对,表明溶液的实验光谱中产生的新峰为Cu—O振动,CuCl_2水溶液中产生短程离子相互作用及溶剂化现象,且随着溶液浓度的增加,溶剂化数目减小。     

水合铀酰与尿嘧啶及其异构体配位体系的计算研究

运用B3LYP/6-311++G**(RLC ECP)方法研究[UO_2(Uracil)j(H_2O)k]~(2+)(Uijk,i为尿嘧啶6种异构体代号,j+k=5)配位体系的几何结构、振动光谱、结合能等性质,并用极化连续介质模型(PCM)考察了溶剂化效应。结果表明,在U1jk体系中,随着尿嘧啶配体数目的逐渐增加,U-Ouracil配位键和U=O键的键长逐渐伸长,水溶液中U=O键的伸缩振动频率逐渐减小,配离子的总结合能呈增加趋势,且气相中的线性拟合效果较好。在Ui14体系中,U-Ouracil的键长与U-OH_2的键长整体成负相关,与U=O键的伸缩振动频率成正相关,结合能最大的配离子并不是由能量最低的尿嘧啶异构体生成的。电子密度拓扑分析表明U-Ouracil键和U-OH_2键具有离子键性质。原子电荷分析揭示在配位过程中是由配体片段向铀酰发生了电子转移,且尿嘧啶的电荷转移量与该配体数目成负相关,其中Ur6异构体向铀酰离子转移电子数最多。     

N-甲基吡咯-2-甲醛激发态结构动力学及其溶剂效应的共振拉曼光谱和密度泛函理论研究

获取了覆盖N-甲基吡咯-2-甲醛(NMPCA)A-带和B-带电子吸收共7个激发波长的共振拉曼光谱,并结合含时密度泛函理论(TD-DFT)方法研究了的A-带和B-带电子激发和Franck-Condon区域结构动力学.TD-B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)计算表明:A-带和B-带电子吸收的跃迁主体为π→π*.共振拉曼光谱可以指认为,11-13振动模式(A-带激发)或者7-11振动模式(B-带激发)的基频、倍频和组合频,其中C=O伸缩振动(ν7)、环的变形振动+N1-C6伸缩振动(ν17)、环的变形振动(ν21)和C6-N1-C2/C2-C3-C4不对称伸缩振动(ν14)占据了绝大部分.这表明NMPCA的Sπ激发态结构动力学主要沿C=O伸缩振动、环的变形振动和环上N1-C6伸缩振动等反应坐标展开.在同一溶剂的共振拉曼光谱中随激发波长由长变短,ν7与ν14的强度比呈现出由强变弱再变强的现象,这种变化规律被认为与Franck-Condon区域Sn/Sπ态混合或势能面交叉有关.溶剂对Sn/Sπ态混合或势能面交叉具有调控作用.     

中性团簇(CeO2)m(m=1~3)活化甲烷C—H的密度泛函理论计算

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)计算了CH₄在电中性(CeO₂)_m(m=1~3)团簇上的活化情况, 并对其机理进行了探讨. 计算结果表明, 甲烷C—H键在团簇上的活化为亲核加成模式, 电子由团簇流向甲烷C—H反键轨道, 使甲烷C—H键削弱而得以活化, 反应的过渡态为四中心结构. 团簇的桥氧位活化甲烷C—H键的活性大于端氧位, 而三重桥氧位的活性高于二重桥氧位. 团簇中作用位点Ce和O原子的电荷布居与其活化甲烷C—H的能力密切相关. 溶剂的存在不仅降低了甲烷C—H活化自由能垒, 而且使与甲烷作用的团簇各位点的活性差异缩小.     

利用拉曼光谱仪对MoO3薄膜的电致变色的研究

真空蒸镀的非晶态MoO₃薄膜在H⁺/碳酸丙烯酯溶液中进行电致变色时,其拉曼光谱发生相应变化,继续阳极退色时,其拉曼光谱又退回到初始状态,表明了薄膜的微结构在着色/退色循环中能发生可逆变化。阴极着色时,Mo-O₍₁₎峰向左移动,Mo=O₍₃₎峰向右移动,而Mo-O₍₂₎峰保持不动。根据拉曼峰位移与键强度的关系,我们还可以得出着色过程中注入的氢离子与O₍₁₎结合在一起的结论。     

LiCl、MgCl_2和CaCl_2乙醇溶液体系的溶剂化研究

利用红外光谱技术及量子化学方法研究了LiCl、MgCl2和CaCl2在乙醇溶液中的离子溶剂化作用现象。乙醇溶液C—O振动峰的变化及O—H伸缩振动峰发生的蓝移表明,金属离子与乙醇分子发生了相互作用。通过量子化学方法对金属离子的配合物结构进行了优化和热力学计算,并利用波恩方程理论计算出单个离子的溶剂化自由能,对比量子化学方法计算得出的吉布斯自由能,可以得到溶液中离子存在的稳定构型,验证溶液中发生了溶剂化现象。     

Raman bandshape analysis and DFT study of CO and CH stretching modes of NN-Dibutyl formamide in DMSO solvent`

The study reports the inter-molecular interactions and dynamics of CO and CH stretching modes of NN- Dibutyl Formamide (DBF) in DMSO solvent using Raman spectroscopic technique. The Raman band of CO and CH stretching modes have been deconvoluted into two distinct bands for neat as well as in DMSO solvent. Peak wavenumbers of CO stretching modes show red shift while CH stretching modes shows blue shift with the increase in solvent concentrations. The optimized geometric parameters, vibrational wavenumbers, Mulliken atomic charges and natural bond orbitals of the molecule has been computed using Density Functional Theory (DFT) method with basis set 6-31 +G (d, p). In addition, the same basis set has been carried out with counterpoise keyword accounting BSSE calculation on monomer and dimer states with DMSO solvent to present an appropriate interacting environment. IEF-PCM solvation model has also been computed using the same basis set and compares the geometrical parameters and vibrational wavenumbers of the molecules and in their complexes. In order to get a complete study of the DBF + DMSO complexes, explicit solvation model has also been calculated for Monomer DBF in two solvent molecules. Theoretical calculations of frequencies have been compared with the experimental findings and the results are found in good agreement.     

以Au/Cu纳米棒为基底的肺腺癌组织的特征表面增强拉曼光谱研究

通过金铜共混法制备了Au/Cu合金纳米棒,研究了铜掺杂对金纳米棒等离子体共振吸收和结构的影响,探究了Au/Cu合金纳米棒的等离子体共振拉曼增强效应.以Au/Cu合金纳米棒为基底对肺腺癌组织和癌旁正常组织进行了表面增强拉曼光谱检测.结果显示,癌变组织具有比癌旁正常组织更强的拉曼信号峰,位于1250,1344,1408,1568,1608和2560 cm~(-1)附近的拉曼峰分别与蛋白质的AmideⅡ氨基化合物、C—H弯曲振动、核酸中CH_3的对称变角振动、蛋白质色氨酸惰性环振动、蛋白质酰胺I谱带分子间反平行β-折叠的C—O健伸缩振动和蛋白质的巯基(S—H)伸缩振动有关,2936 cm~(-1)附近的拉曼峰为蛋白质CH_2的对称伸缩振动和CH_3的反对称伸缩振动共同作用产生.以铜掺杂的金纳米棒为基底的表面增强拉曼光谱法有望成为检测肺癌组织的有效手段.     

Vibration assignment of carbon-sulfur bond in 2-thione-1,3-dithiole-4,5-dithiolate derivatives

The higher frequency peak near 1050 cm(-1) of the doublet in the infrared and Raman spectra of 2-thione-1,3-dithiole-4,5-dithiolate (DMIT) derivatives corresponds mainly to the stretching vibration of carbon-sulfur double bond in the terminal S=CS2 fragments of DMIT skeletons while the lower one corresponds mainly to the Fermi resonance peak between overtones of symmetric stretching vibration of two carbon-sulfur single bond in the S=CS2 fragment of DMIT skeletons and the higher frequency. On the other hand, the higher frequency near 500 cm(-1) corresponds mainly to the symmetric stretching vibration of two carbon-sulfur single bond in the S=CS2 fragments of DMIT skeletons while the lower one corresponds mainly to the symmetric stretching vibration of the four carbon-sulfur single bond in the S2C=CS2 fragments of DMIT skeletons.     

烷基极化效应与X=O键伸缩振动频率

烷基取代物R'X=O的X=O键伸缩振动频率ν与烷基R的极化效应指PEI(R)的关系可表示为:ν=a+bPEI(R)。研究结果表明,烷基的极化效应使X=O键的伸缩振动频率降低。     

酯类基础油热氧化过程中的拉曼光谱分析

将DXR激光显微拉曼光谱仪与Linkam FTIR600控温台联用,测定了连续加热、恒温氧化过程中三羟甲基丙烷油酸酯(TMPTO)、偏苯三酸三异酸酯(TDTM)、己二酸二异辛酯(DOA)等酯类基础油的拉曼特征峰的变化规律,探讨了热氧化过程中酯类油分子结构的变化特点。研究发现,随着加热温度的提高,酯类基础油的部分拉曼峰的峰位与峰强均发生了明显变化;酯类基础油的甲基与亚甲基的C—H伸缩振动峰及亚甲基的剪式振动峰对温度很敏感,随着温度的升高发生了不同程度的峰强衰减,冷却后可基本恢复;C‖O振动峰随温度的升高变化不明显;TMPTO酯类基础油的C‖C双键伸缩振动峰随着温度升高逐渐向高波区移动冷却后可恢复,‖C—H和C‖C的伸缩振动峰强冷却后不能完全恢复;恒温下随着氧化时间的延长,TDTM和DOA基础油的拉曼峰无明显变化,与TMPTO基础油的‖C—H、C‖C及—CH2—相关的拉曼峰呈规律性衰减。因此可运用原位拉曼光谱法对不饱和酯类基础油中连续氧化进行监测。而原位光谱法对饱和酯类油和芳香酯类油高温连续氧化过程的监测具有一定的局限性。     

Effects of hydrogen bond and solvent polarity on the C=O stretching of bis(2-thienyl)ketone in solution

The optimized structural parameters, the absorption and the resonance Raman spectra have been investigated for the bis(2-thienyl)ketone in gas phase, in cyclohexane, methanol, and acetonitrile solvents by means of time dependent density functional theory calculations, the solvent electronic polarization effect on the solvation shift is examined and in well accordance with the calculation. The effect of increasing the polarity of the solvent is well represented by the polarizable continuum model, both for the absorption spectra and resonance Raman intensities. The Raman spectra of the C=O stretching mode, which is sensitive to the intermolecular interaction for bis(2-thienyl)ketone dissolved in solvents, were systematically studied. It was found that the hydrogen bond effect plays an important role in reducing the carbonyl stretching wavenumbers. The results of Raman shifts were interpreted through the dilution effect, solvation effects, and hydrogen bond-forming effects. Furthermore, the excitation profiles of several important Raman bands of bis(2-thienyl)ketone molecule in different solvents have been critically analyzed. The solvent effects on structural and symmetry properties of the molecule in S2 electronic state as well as the short-time photo relaxation dynamics have been discussed.     

Elucidating Interactions between DMSO and Chelate‐Based Ionic Liquids

The C?D bond stretching vibrations of deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide ([D₆]DMSO) and the C₂?H bond stretching vibrations of 1,1,1,5,5,5‐hexafluoropentane‐2,4‐dione (hfac) ligand in anion are chosen as probes to elucidate the solvent–solute interaction between chelate‐based ionic liquids (ILs) and DMSO by vibrational spectroscopic studies. The indirect effect from the interaction of the adjacent S=O functional group of DMSO with the cation [C₁₀mim]⁺ and anion [Mn(hfac)₃]^? of the ILs leads to the blue‐shift of the C?D stretching vibrations of DMSO. The C₂?H bond stretching vibrations in hfac ligand is closely related to the ionic hydrogen bond strength between the cation and anion of chelate‐based ILs. EPR studies reveal that the crystal field of the central metal is kept when the chelate‐based ILs are in different microstructure environment in the solution.     

Stable Structure and Characteristic Spectroscopy of(CH3COCH3)n(n=1～7)Clusters

The stable acetone molecule clusters have been studied by using Beeke's threeparameter(B3LYP)density functional theory(DFT)with standard 6-31G(d)basis set.The calculated results show that the optimal structures of acetone clustets are cyclic and the cycles become larger and larger with the increase of cluster size.The strongest vibration peaks for neutral clusters are C=O stretching vibration.The C=O stretching peaks of cyclic acetone clusters split into double ones when n≥3,the frequencies are red-shifted and corresponding intensities increase with the increase of cluster size.     

Molecular Engineering of Cation Solvation Structure for Highly Selective Carbon Dioxide Electroreduction

Balancing the activation of H₂O is crucial for highly selective CO₂ electroreduction (CO₂RR), as the protonation steps of CO₂RR require fast H₂O dissociation kinetics, while suppressing hydrogen evolution (HER) demands slow H₂O reduction. We herein proposed one molecular engineering strategy to regulate the H₂O activation using aprotic organic small molecules with high Gutmann donor number as a solvation shell regulator. These organic molecules occupy the first solvation shell of K⁺ and accumulate in the electrical double layer, decreasing the H₂O density at the interface and the relative content of proton suppliers (free and coordinated H₂O), suppressing the HER. The adsorbed H₂O was stabilized via the second sphere effect and its dissociation was promoted by weakening the O−H bond, which accelerates the subsequent *CO₂ protonation kinetics and reduces the energy barrier. In the model electrolyte containing 5 M dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as an additive (KCl-DMSO-5), the highest CO selectivity over Ag foil increased to 99.2 %, with FE_CO higher than 90.0 % within −0.75 to −1.15 V (vs. RHE). This molecular engineering strategy for cation solvation shell can be extended to other metal electrodes, such as Zn and Sn, and organic molecules like N,N-dimethylformamide.     

Individual solvation numbers around the nickel(II) ion in an N,N-dimethylformamide and N,N-dimethylacetamide mixture determined by Raman spectrophotometry.

Individual solvation numbers around the nickel(II) ion have been determined by titration Raman spectroscopy in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA) mixtures at 298 K. The in-plane bending vibration (delta(O=C-N)) of DMF and the stretching vibration (v(N-CH3)) of DMA were used in the present analysis. These Raman bands of solvent molecules shift to higher frequencies upon coordination of the solvent molecules to the metal ion. By analyzing the band intensities of free and bound solvent molecules with increasing concentration of the metal ion, the solvation number around the metal ion can be evaluated. Because the individual solvation numbers of DMF and DMA around the nickel(II) ion in the mixture are determined independently, the total solvation number is obtained as their sum. It was found that the total solvation number remains 6 in all mixtures of the DMA mole fraction x = 0 - 1. Although DMF and DMA have practically the same electron-pair donor capacities, the nickel(II) ion prefers DMF to DMA, and an equal solvation number is attained at x = 0.75. This is ascribed to the solvation steric effect of DMA.