单分子导电性质的研究进展

介绍了测量单个有机分子导电性质的一些进展,包括分子的尺寸效应、官能团效应、分子与电极的接触效应等,以及分子逻辑器件的初步研究.     

基于24-冠-8大环化合物构筑的人工分子器件和分子机器

简要阐述了分子器件和分子机器的相关概念,按照调控方式分类综述了基于24冠8的准轮烷、轮烷和索烃大环化合物构筑的分子器件和分子机器等在超分子领域的研究进展并对研究前景作了展望.     

以芳香硫醚为桥链的三体化合物的荧光分子开关性能

将一些发色团分子组装成具有特定功能的分子器件,是近年来随超分子化学和分子信息科学兴起而十分活跃的领域［１］,其中具有逻辑功能的光控开关器件是下一代分子计算机的核心,它们可在分子水平实现信息的存储和数据的处理、传输［２］．国内外这方面的研究主要有顺反异...     

DNA分子器件*

DNA不仅是一种重要的生物遗传物质,而且可以在生命科学以外的领域,尤其是在信息科学、材料科学中发挥重要作用.作为重要的部件,DNA分子器件的研究引起了科学家们的注意.本文对DNA分子器件的发展以及DNA分子器件的实现和应用前景及不足进行了较详尽的评述.     

自组装单分子膜功能器件

分子尺度电子学是利用单个分子或分子单层组装体作为活性单元来实现电子学功能的一门前沿科学领域.基于自组装单分子膜(SAMs)的分子器件在分子电子学的实用化道路上具有很大的发展潜力与应用前景.目前,SAMs功能器件的研究仍处于起步阶段,其性能还有很大提升空间.本文首先评述了SAMs器件的构筑方法,针对直接蒸镀金属顶电极会对SAMs造成破坏的问题,介绍了3类软接触电极,包括液态金属、导电高分子和石墨烯顶电极;然后以固态光开关器件为例介绍了近年来功能器件上的一些新进展,分子优化设计对于提升器件响应活性具有重要意义;同时总结了共轭聚合物SAMs器件的制备方法和性能,通过合理的结构设计,共轭聚合物能进行电荷的长程输运,并有望提供比小分子更优异的光电功能;最后讨论和展望了未来的发展方向.     

单分子电子器件电极-分子界面设计和调控

电极-分子接触界面在单分子器件中扮演着至关重要的作用.通过对电极、分子的锚定基团以及电极与分子间作用方式进行设计和调控,可以有效控制电极-分子界面结构和性质,从而影响单分子器件的性能和功能.本文从单分子器件研究的常用技术手段出发,综述单分子器件中常见的电极-分子接触界面类型及构建方式,并进一步阐述机械力、电化学及电场等...     

螺吡喃分子光开关

螺吡喃是一类研究最早,最广泛的有机光致变色分子.利用光照前后螺吡喃分子结构上和光化学与光物理性质的变化,将其作为分子光开关材料被广泛应用于光电器件、化学传感、药物控制释放等领域.综述了部分螺吡喃分子光开关的合成和性质及其在相关领域中的应用,对其作为新型的荧光探针未来在生物成像领域的应用做了展望.     

茂铁类单分子结电子传输性质的研究进展

分子导线是构成分子器件的关键部分,它的发展有望解决未来将要面临的电子器件尺寸即将达到理论极限而无法满足人们更高需求的问题.茂铁类分子凭借优秀的物理、化学性质被广泛应用于非线性光学、分子电子学等领域.在过去的十多年里,茂铁基团的引入构建了多种结构新颖的分子导线,为单分子器件的基础研究做出了巨大贡献.然而对于茂铁类分子导线的研究,大多集中于其异茂环取代的衍生物,同茂环取代的衍生物因合成较为困难,并没有受到研究者们的关注.根据分子的结构特征,将茂铁类分子导线分为π共轭型与非π共轭型两大类.以分子的构效关系为主线,对近十几年来茂铁类单分子结电子传输性质方面的工作进行了概括与总结,期望为未来茂铁类分子导线的研究提供借鉴.     

聚集诱导发光体系:化合物种类、发光机制及其应用

聚集诱导发光(AIE)体系是近年来备受关注的一个研究领域,目前该领域已经积累了较为丰富的AIE化合物的分子设计理念和相应的对AIE机制的理解。AIE体系的研究为固态强发光材料特别是备受聚集发光猝灭难题困扰的有机电致发光材料提供了全新的分子设计思路。本文纵观该领域的研究进展,对AIE化合物种类、发光机制及其相关应用做出了较为详尽的综述报道。具有AIE性质的化合物主要包括多芳基取代的杂环化合物、多芳基乙烯类化合物、分子内电荷转移化合物、含有氢键的化合物、聚合物等。这些化合物的AIE发光机制也各有不同,包括分子内旋转受限、非辐射失活衰减受限、分子构象扭曲以避免形成激基缔合物以及利用特殊的分子堆积方式如J-聚集、交叉分子堆积、由分子间的C—H…π作用或特殊的氢键作用形成相应的发光聚集体等。基于其特殊的AIE性能,AIE化合物可广泛应用于化学传感、生物传感、生物标记、电致发光以及逻辑门器件等领域。     

超分子化学和分子器件—配位化学的一个前沿领域

重点介绍配位化学在超分子化学和分子器件－一门新学科领域中的研究进展。     

光驱动分子梭

分子梭在分子开关、分子逻辑门、信息存储等领域有着潜在的应用价值,是超分子化学领域的研究热点之一。本文综述了光驱动分子梭的研究进展：重点举例介绍了荧光光谱识别法和圆二色光谱识别法这两种识别光驱动分子梭位置状态的方法;阐述了构建光驱动轮烷分子梭的新型方法学,包括光驱动环糊精[2]轮烷和[1]轮烷分子梭的定向合成,举例介绍了光间接驱动的轮烷分子梭,以及光驱动[3]轮烷型分子梭和分子梭聚合物;举例说明了光驱动分子梭的功能性应用,用光驱动分子梭来模拟分子水平的逻辑门,研究光驱动分子梭体系中的能量传递机理,以及非溶液态的光驱动分子梭;并对分子梭今后的发展做了展望。     

Chemical approaches to molecular logic elements for addition and subtraction

Molecular and supramolecular logic gates are candidates for computation at the nanoscale level. Nowadays all common logic operations can be mimicked with molecular devices based on chemical approaches. One step further towards molecular systems with increased logic capabilities is the addition or subtraction of binary digits. This Minireview describes recent developments to attain this goal, including bioinspired systems based on DNA and enzymes. Furthermore, chemical molecular logic gates are discussed and compared critically with regard to alternative concepts.     

Integrated Molecular Logic Using a Multistate Electrochromic Platform

Herein, we present an approach that integrates molecular logic functions using surface-confined metallo-organic assemblies. These assemblies are electrochromic and mimic the behaviour of logic elements. The logic elements are addressed individually by electrochemical methods, and their outputs are simultaneously read-out optically by UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy. The versatility of our setup is demonstrated by the integration of two multi-component assemblies; each acting as ternary logic elements. We used also a laminated cell configuration to demonstrate color-to-color and color-to-transparent transitions. This concept offers a route for the future development of devices with multiple logic states.     

Moletronics modeling toward molecular potentials

Using ab initio density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we demonstrate two molecular OR gates that are able to process binary signals encoded as molecular potentials. Thus, the possibility to implement logic gates of <1 nm is demonstrated. The advantage of this approach to post‐microelectronics technologies is the tremendous low‐power dissipation, the small feature size of molecular devices, and the compatible nature of input and output signals that would allow the implementation of complex logic. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2006     

Anion Sensors as Logic Gates: A Close Encounter?

Computers have become smarter, smaller, and more efficient due to the downscaling of silicon‐based components. Top‐down miniaturisation of silicon‐based computer components is fast reaching its limitations because of physical constraints and economical non‐feasibility. Therefore, the possibility of a bottom‐up approach that uses molecules to build nano‐sized devices has been initiated. As a result, molecular logic gates based on chemical inputs and measurable optical outputs have captured significant attention very recently. In addition, it would be interesting if such molecular logic gates could be developed by making use of ion sensors, which can give significantly sensitive output information. This review provides a brief introduction to anion receptors, molecular logic gates, a comprehensive review on describing recent advances and progress on development of ion receptors for molecular logic gates, and a brief idea about the application of molecular logic gates.     

Ion-triggered multistate molecular switching device based on regioselective coordination-controlled ion binding

Molecular devices capable of accessing different controlled conformational states, while optically signaling the occupied state, are attractive tools for nanotechnology since they relate to both areas of molecular mechanical devices and logic gates. We report here a simple molecular system that allows access to four distinct conformational and optical states. It is based on the regioselective complexation of metal ions to a heterocyclic ligand triad, which is dictated by the accessible coordination geometry and electrostatic properties of two distinct binding subunits. Thus, local conformational switching is brought about by tetrahedral coordination (of Cu(I)) or octahedral coordination (of M(2+) ions) to bidentate and tridentate binding subunits, respectively. The shape modifications undergone represent an ion-controlled nanomechanical device. They give controlled access to four different states that display different physico-chemical (e.g. optical) properties and provide a basis for logic gate operations.     

分子基逻辑材料*

在适当的条件下分子开关将输入的信息转换为输出信号,利用这一特点,可在分子体系根据二进位布尔逻辑规则实现信号转换。目前,用化学体系进行基本的布尔逻辑功能执行 (PASS、YES、NOT、AND、NAND、OR、NOR、XNOR和INH)都已成为可能。在此基础上,逻辑门的整合与编程,以及更进一步的复杂分子运算开始受到人们的关注。迄今为止,以高灵敏性的荧光输出信号为主,人们在分子水平上设计实现了多种复杂的逻辑电路,包括组合逻辑电路和时序逻辑电路等,并开始涉及信息处理的安全平台设计。本文主要介绍了近年来利用分子荧光开关体系模拟数字逻辑电路过程中所取得的最新进展,对分子逻辑电路研究的热点和问题进行了展望。     

多功能二噻吩乙烯光致变色光分子开关材料

光致变色材料是一类在不同波长的光交替照射下,产生两种可进行可逆转换的光致异构体并伴随明显的光物理和光化学性能变化的材料。基于其特殊的光致异构性质,人们已开发出多种光致变色功能材料并将其广泛应用于超高密度光信息存储、分子开关、分子逻辑门、分子导线、光电材料、多光子器件、表面/纳米器件、液晶材料、化学传感、生物成像、自组装、聚集诱导发光、光控生物体系等诸多领域。其中,二噻吩乙烯类化合物因其出色的热稳定性、优良的耐疲劳性、快的响应速率、高的转化率和量子产率以及出色的固相反应活性而成为理想的光致变色材料之一。本文主要围绕近期本研究组研究成果着重介绍近几年二噻吩乙烯类化合物从溶液体系到功能化表面体系的研究进展,探讨当前该领域存在的问题并对其前景和发展方向进行展望。     

基于PET过程的分子开关型荧光传感器研究进展

基于PET过程的分子开关型荧光传感器研究进展;光诱导电子转移;给体;受体;分子开关;光物理技术     

Molecular Logic Gates and Switches Based on 1,3,4‐Oxadiazoles Triggered by Metal Ions

Organic molecular devices for information processing applications are highly useful building blocks for constructing molecular‐level machines. The development of “intelligent” molecules capable of performing logic operations would enable molecular‐level devices and machines to be created. We designed a series of 2,5‐diaryl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazoles bearing a 2‐(para‐substituted)phenyl and a 5‐(o‐pyridyl) group (substituent X=NMe₂, OEt, Me, H, and Cl; 1 a – e ) that form a bidentate chelating environment for metal ions. These compounds showed fluorescence response profiles varying in both emission intensity and wavelength toward the tested metal ions Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, Cd²⁺, Hg²⁺, and Pb²⁺ and the responses were dependent on the substituent X, with those of 1 d being the most substantial. The 1,3,4‐oxadiazole O or N atom and pyridine N atom were identified as metal‐chelating sites. The fluorescence responses of 1 d upon metal chelation were employed for developing truth tables for OR, NOR, INHIBIT, and EnNOR logic gates as well as “ON‐OFF‐ON” and “OFF‐ON‐OFF” fluorescent switches in a single 1,3,4‐oxadiazole molecular system.