THE PARAMETER KERNELS FOR THE LINEAR INVERSION OF THE FREE OSCILLATION OF THE EARTH (Ⅱ)

This is the second instalment of the paper, in which the method of derivation of the for-mulas of parameter kernels for the spheroidal oscillations are considered. The principle ofRayleigh is used to derive the formulas of the kernels of the two elastic parameters, i.e. μand λ. But for that of ρ, it is found very difficult to get satisfactory results. A new butsimpler approach is followed and very satisfactory results are obtained.     

THE CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE OF THE PHOTOOXIDIZED PRODUCT OF HYPOCRELLIN A AND THE STUDY OF THE PHOTODYNAMIC ACTION MECHANISM

In attempting to study the phototherapeutic action and the photosensitized oxygenation mechanism, we have determined the crystal structure of the main oxidized product of hypocrellin A (HA). It was crystallized in monoclinic system with space group P2_1. The cell data are: a=10.030(3), b=8.877(3), c=15.764(5), β=104.50(2)°, Z=2. The crystal structure has been determined by direct method and refined to a final R of 0.055 based on the 1408 observed reflections with l>2.5σ(Ⅰ). The photooxidized product is composed of a heptacyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon connecting with two α-naphthoquinone derivatives as its skeletal molecule. No peroxidic linkage has been found. On the basis of the crystal structure determined, we have deduced part of the process of formation of the oxide, ⅰ. e. firstly, the peroxide was formed by photocycloaddition of oxygen molecule to Hypocrellin A, then thermodissociation took place to form a stable oxide.     

CALCULATION OF EPR PARAMETERS OF THE LOW-SPIN.d~5 COMPLEXES

<正> Calculation result indicates that the lowest Kramer's doublet of the low-spin d5 complexes proposed by Prof. W. C. Lin and the first order approximate matrix derived by us from the 1.s matrix table of d1 ion and the hole energy level model put forward by Prof. W. C. Lin and Taylor respectively are more suitable to the calculation of EPR parameters of the low-spin d5 complexes. The calculation conditio gzz>gyy>gxx>0 established by Taylor is used by us to obtain two parameters simultaneously, i.e, the orbital reduction factor k of a positive number near to unity, and the rhombi-city λ in range from 0 to 1/3 which is a satisfactory quantitative para meter. The same accurate EPR parameters can be obtained from both this method and Griffith's method.     

INTERACTION OF FORCED WAVE, FREE WAVE AND ZONAL FLOW (Ⅰ)——BIFURCATION OF THE EQUILIBRIA——BIFURCATION OF THE EQUILIBRIA

In this paper, two level quasi-geostrophic model is used to set up a simple nonlinear inter-action model including a near resonant forced wave component, a near baroclinically un-stable free wave and a zonal flow component. The dynamic mechanisms of the transition ofhigh and low index and index cycle are discussed. In the first part, the weak nonlinear problem with near baroclinic instability and nearresonant forcing are analysed. The simple periodic solution resulting from bifurcation ofHadley cell to Rossby transient wave and the more complicated solutions resulting from thebifurcation of the wave equilibria to mixed state with both forced stationary wave and tran-sient wave are discussed.     

STUDIES ON THE POLAROGRAPHIC ADSORPTIVE COMPLEX WAVE OF RARE EARTH-ERIOCHROME AZUROL B (Ⅰ)

The polarographic behaviour of eriochrome azurol B (ECAB), one of complexing agentsof rare earths (RE), has been studied by several electrochemical techniques. The results showedthat the first step of one-electron reduction is reversible and the second step is irreversible, thatpart of the radical formed after the first electron transfer dimerizes, and that the cathodic andanodic peaks of ECAB at low concentration are adsorptive ones. The rate constant of dime-rization and some parameters related to adsorption of ECAB such as surface concentration,adsorption isotherm, free energy of adsorption and coverage of surface weIe calculated. The polarographic properties of RE-ECAB complexes and the reduction mechanism will bereported in the following paper (Ⅱ).     

The new approach of standardization of capillary electrophoresis

In this paper, we develope the new standardization methods to eliminate the influence in capillary electrophoresis (CE). The markers were used to determine the basis position and then correct the data of sample by the migration time of standard sample, and make the migration time of samples consistent with the standard sample by the criterion of the marker. The problem of time transition was corrected in this way. Then according to the peak height or peak area of the marker in the sample (peak height was used here) compared with the standard sample, the sample data was zoomed appropriately. The absorbance error was made to be correct. The wavelet de-noise method was also used to make the data smooth and get a good baseline.     

THE ROTATION BARRIER OF ELECTRON SPIN PROBE IN THE STUDY OF POLYMER SYSTEM

In the study of molecular motion of polymer by means of ESR in combination with spin probe, owing to that the ESR spectrum depicts only the behavior of spin probe, the information obtained is of indirect nature. Hence the relationship between them must first be investigated before any conclusion could be drawn. In this paper, two parameters T_R and C_R are introduced to characterize the changing of tumbling rate of spin probe, and the concept of rotation barrier of spin probe is proposed. It is considered that the magnitude of the rotation barrier is determined by the internal cavity size and distribution in polymer. When the temperature is raised, the size and distribution of the cavities change accordingly, thus the tumbling of spin probe changes gradually from a slower to a higher rate.     

THEORY OF UNIFIED REPRESENTATION OF GRAVITATIONAL FIELD

A new theory of gravitational field representation is created to unify the exterior andinterior disturbing fields of the earth by using Newton's potential operator. To do that wego this way: first, we analyze the invertibility of Newton's potential operator and come tothe conclusion that every continuous function belonging to D_g, the orthogonal complement tothe null space of this operator, is harmonic everywhere in the interior earth space; second,we formulate a new kind of boundary value problem of gravics-interior Dirichlet's prob-lem of biharmonic equation with respect to disturbing potential on the supposition that anom-alous mass density of the earth belongs to D_g; then, we simplify the disturbing field intoa quasilinear superposition of two harmonic fields by the aid of the representation theoremson biharmonics proved in this paper. In this way, we finally end up with a unified represen-tation pattern AL of disturbing potential defined throughout the whole space, where L de-notes data performed     

THE ESTIMATION OF ORDERING DEGREE OF CORONA-POLED NONLINEAR OPTICAL POLYMER FILMS

The investigation of electrochromic effect of corona-poled nonlinear optical polymer films is an effective method for the estimation of poling level and the selection of poling conditions. The poling electric field E_p and orientational order parameter Φ, which are the important parameters to predict d_(33) of poled films, can be calculated by a simple operation from the number of red shift of charge transfer absorption band. The calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental data.     

THE NUCLEAR TRACK DEPTH PROFILE OF THE JILIN METEORITE

Using 43 documented drill core samples of the H_5-chondrite "Jilin" the depth profile of GCR-and fission track densities was established. The track profile essentially reflects the GCR-track record of the second (4π-) irradiation stage of "Jilin". Relics of the track record of the first (2π-) exposure are indicated by a deviation from the theoretical depth profile of the 4π-exposure. No Pu-244 fission is observed ia the fission track background near the meteorite center. The atmospheric ablation thickness of the two drill cores A and B normal and parallel to the assumed surface of the "Jilin" parent body was found to be 11±4 cm, respectively. A minimum shielding depth of the "top" part of core A during the 2π-exposure is estimated to be～30 cm. Near surface deviations of the experimental track data from theory are ascribed to a short-term moderate heating event (equivalent to 24h,～370℃) no more than 0.4 Ma ago. The resulting partial track annealing in a surface layer of ～15—20 cm thickness of t     

A UNIFIED LAW OF MOTION OF LITHOSPHERIC PLATES AND THE DRIVING M

From observed data on lithospheric plates, a unified empirical law for plate motion,valid for continental as well as oceanic plates, is obtained in the following form: The speedof plate motion U depends linearly on a geometric parameter T_d, ratio of the sum of effectiveridge length and trench arc length to the sum of area of continental part of plate and total areaof cold sinking slab. Based on this unified law, a simple mechanical analysis shows that, themain driving forces for lithospheric plates come from push along the mid-ocean ridge andpull by the cold sinking slab, while the main drag forces consist of the viscous traction beneaththe continental part of plate and over both faces of the sinking slab. Moreover, the specific-push along ridge and pull by slab are found to be of equal magnitude.     

PRINCIPLE OF REMOTE SENSING OF ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL SIZE DISTRIBUTION BY COMBINED SOLAR EXTINCTION AND FORWARD SCATTERING METHOD AND NUMERICAL EXPERIMENT

In this paper, the principle of inverting aerosol size distribution by solar spectral extinc-tion-forward scattering measurements is proposed and analyzed. Two methods of inversion——the segmental inversion and the combined one——are presented. Numerical experimentsshow that this method is quite successful in improving the accuracy of retrieved aerosolsize distribution in both smaller part (r<1μm) and larger part (r>1μm) of aerosolsize ranges.     

A NUMERICAL EXPERIMENT FOR EFFECTS OF OZONE HEATING ON GENERAL CIRCULATION

An ozone conservation equation is added to the global nine-layer general circulationmodel to simulate the heating effect on the upper atmosphere due to the absorption of theultraviolet part of solar radiation by ozone and the changes of temperature, pressure andwind fields caused by ozone heating. The experiment shows that the heating rate by ozoneis much larger than that by other elements such as water vapour in stratosphere. Thetemperature distribution and strength of zonal wind in tropopause and above calculated withozone effect are much different from the results simulated without ozone. The ozone heatingaffects not only the zonal wind but also the meridional wind, so that the Walker Circulationand Hadley Cell are all changed accordingly. Besides, it can be seen that the influences ofozone on the meteorological elements are small in troposphere, while it still makes apparentlyresponse near the surface. Especially, it is much larger above the land than above the ocean.     

CHARACTERISTICS OF 30--60 DAY OSCILLATION OF GENERAL CIRCULATION IN NORTHERN HEMISPHERE

Some characteristics of the 30- 60 day oscillation in general circulation are investigatedin this paper. In the tropical atmosphere, besides some results consisting with the knownfacts, we still find that the 30- 60 day atmospheric oscillations are very obvious in theequatorial eastern Pacific, and the zonal scale of the vorticity and divergence for the30- 60 day oscillation in the tropics is much smaller than wavenumber 1. There are the strongest 30- 60 day oscillations at the high latitudes in the Northern Hemi-sphere, but weaker at 20°-40°N latitudes. The 30- 60 day oscillations have an obviousbarotropic structure at mid-high latitudes and their zonal scales are smaller than those in thetropics. The 30- 60 day oscillations at the mid-latitudes propagate westwards and fast in thewintertime. At the high latitudes, 30- 60 day oscillations propagate westwards in the win-tertime but eastwards in the summertime. Meridional propagations of the oscillation arerather different in various regions.     

AN INDIRECT METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF PARAMETERS IN THE FORECAST MODEL

An indirect method for determining some parameters in a forecast model has been developed, by which the program of the original model with little modification can be used as a subroutine of the inversion system and the optimum estimate of the parameters can be obtained by calling the subroutine time after time. It is specially useful for the sophisticated numerical weather prediction model. It may also be utilized to improve the forecast timely in case of obvious differences between the recent observations and the forecasts. The effect of the method is verified by numerical simulation tests with simple models.     

STUDIES ON THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF Al-(D-TRYPTOPHAN) INSULIN

We have determined the crystal structure of Al-(D-Trp) insulin and discovered that it belongs to the trigonal system with space group R3. The parameters of the unit cell are a=b=78.6, c=50.0. A set of data for half a sphere reciprocal space to a spacing of 2.2 were collected. The model was adjusted and refined by using a step-by-step approach and a stereochemically-restrained least squares program, assisted by manual revision based on the difference Fourier maps, to a final R-factor of 0.218. The main and side chains of both Al-D-Trp residues in the asymmetric unit are well ordered. The packing of Al-(D-Trp) insulin in the unit cell, the conformational differences with other insulin structures and its structure and function relationship bave also been discussed.     

DETERMINATION OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE OF CODEINE BY NMR MOLECULAR GRAPHICS TECHNIQUES

In this paper, we describe a method for calculating the three-dimensional structure ofantagonist drug codeine by means of one- and two-dimensional NMR and computer tech-niques. The calculation of molecular mechanics is based on NMR data, so we call it NMRmolecular graphics (NMRMG). With codeine as a demonstration. we find that the molecularstructure data from NMRMG are in quite good agreement with those by X-ray diffractionmeasurement. NMRMG can be utilized to study configuration and conformation of naturalproducts, especially rigid structure compounds in solution.     

THE PRECURSOR OF INSTABILITY FOR NONLINEAR SYSTEMS AND ITS APPLICATION TO EARTHQUAKE PREDICTION

By analysing the instability process of various nonlinear systems, we conclude that their instability precursors are the continual heightening of the response rate or response ratio.Applying this theory to earthquake prediction, we adopt the periodical change of the stress in crust caused by the tide-generating force as the loading and unloading. If we can measure the ratio of the response (such as crust deformation, gravity and seismicity) during the loading period to that during the unloading period, this parameter must contain some characteristic information about the seismogenic process.With nine earthquakes (M≥7) data that occurred in Chinese mainland during 1970-1988, we take the sum of square root o?energy of small earthquakes, which is called the released strain by Benioff, as the response to the tidal loading and unloading. We find that the response ratios of seven earthquakes increase obviously before the main earthquakes.     

A THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF LOTKA''''S MODEL IN CLOSED SYSTEM

In this paper, the Lotka's model in closed system has been discussed in detail. Considering the consumption of reaction reagent, this model is analysed in accordance with the first order harmonic wave approximation and digital calculated by using the microcomputer.For the various initial conditions (according to, approaching, deviating from and deviating far from the Lotka's steady-state condition) the corresponding chemical oscillation behaviours are studied. The rules in connection with the time dependence of corresponding concentrations and the reaction trajectories in the relative component concentration phase space are obtained. The effectual regions in regard to the first order harmonic wave are examined. The relative results may be used to explain some important chemical oscillation phenomena, such as the sustained, damped and exploded oscillations.     

MECHANISM OF PHOTOSENSITIZED OXYGENATION OF OLEFINS (Ⅰ) ——QUANTUM CHEMICAL STUDIES OF THE MECHANISM OF 1,2-CYCLOADDITIONS OF SINGLET MOLECULAR OXYGEN TO ELECTRON-RICH OLEFINS

In this paper, we studied in detail the mechanism of 1,2-cycloadditions of the first excited singletoxygen (O_2(~1Δ_g)) to aminoethylene and ethylene by semi-empirical and ab initio calculations ofquantum chemistry. Firstly, the transition states of every elementary process for the above two reac-tion systems were optimized by MINDO/3 attached by Powell method. The results calculated are dif-ferent from those obtained by others. Then we calculated the total reaction paths of the above tworeaction systems using Fukui's IRC theory. The results calculated not only affirm the reliability ofthese transition states calculated by us, but also prove that the reactions of electron-rich olefins withO_2(~1Δ_g) proceed indeed via a zwitterion intermediate. According to these, we explain reasonablythe electronic effects of the substituents.