酞菁钴液相催化氧化羰基硫(COS)的研究

本文首次报道在液相中，用金属酞菁催化氧化脱除羰基硫（COS）。发现COS先被水解成HS~－，HS~-再被氧化成S，酞菁钴（CoPC）的活性高于其它金属酞菁（MPC），酞菁苯环上推电子基因使酞菁的催化活性提高，双核酞菁钴的活性高子单核酞菁钴。D296树脂负载的酞菁钴的催化活性高于均相酞菁钴的活性。     

改性生物炭催化过硫酸氢钾降解染料废水中罗丹明6G的研究

通过煅烧-浸渍法制备了铁酸锰和钴共改性生物碳(Co/MnFe_2O_4/Biochar,CMB),采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)和N_2吸脱附等温仪(BET)对CMB进行形貌观察和结构表征,并用其催化过硫酸氢钾(PMS)降解染料罗丹明6G(Rh 6G),研究了CMB投加量、PMS投加量、溶液初始pH值、水中常见物质(如Cl~-、HCO_3~-、H_2PO_4~-、HA)对CMB/PMS体系降解Rh 6G的影响。实验结果表明,随着CMB和PMS投加量的增大,Rh 6G降解效率也随之增高。在溶液初始pH在5-9范围内,Rh 6G的降解率可达98%以上。Cl~-、HCO_3~-、H_2PO_4~-、HA对CMB催化PMS降解Rh 6G影响微弱。自由基猝灭反应实验结果证明SO_4·~-、~1O_2和O_2~-·对Rh 6G的降解起主要作用。重复利用实验表明,CMB经过五次循环使用后,降解率仍可达76.7%。     

负载离子对型酞菁钴双功能硫醇氧化催化剂

将分别带有正、负电荷基团的季铵盐酞菁钴ＣｏＰＣ「Ｎ（ＣＨ３）３Ｉ」４和碘酸盐菁然ＣｏＰｃ（ＳＯ３Ｎａ）４溶解在一起,负载在由水滑石热分解而成的ＭｇＡｌ复合氧化物碱性载体上,制成负载离子对型酞菁钴催化剂,其所具有的碱经性双功能的特征能够有效地催化１－辛硫醇氧化,当这两种酞菁钴配合物的摩尔比为１时,催化活性最高,并且稳定性也有较明显的改善,这种双功能催化剂体系具有酶催化的特点,即遵循双底物（１－Ｃ８Ｈ     

氮化碳负载单原子铜在可见光下催化活化过二硫酸盐研究

单原子催化剂具有优异的催化活性和选择性,逐渐成为当前催化领域的研究热点.本研究将金属Cu离子预先负载到聚合物前驱体中,再经过简单的一锅煅烧法制备出单原子铜(SA-Cu)负载的石墨相氮化碳(g-C_3N_4).本文研究了在可见光(Vis)下SA-Cu/g-C_3N_4催化活化过二硫酸盐(PS)降解罗丹明B(Rh B)的性能.结果表明, SA-Cu/gC_3N_4+PS+Vis体系可在较宽的pH范围(3～6)氧化降解Rh B,降解率均大于99%.淬灭实验和电子顺磁共振波谱研究表明, SA-Cu/g-C_3N_4+PS+Vis体系中可产生多种活性自由基,包括超氧自由基、硫酸根自由基和羟基自由基.通过对照实验、紫外-可见漫反射光谱、荧光发射光谱和电化学分析,证明SA-Cu负载可降低g-C_3N_4的禁带宽度,促进光生电子和空穴的分离,增强其光催化性能.同时, g-C_3N_4载体中的光生电子加速了Cu~+/Cu~(2+)的氧化还原循环,极大地提升了表面SA-Cu位点的活性.本研究揭示了单原子Cu和g-C_3N_4载体的协同作用,为开发多功能催化系统提供了新的思路和案例.     

水滑石焙烧产物负载磺化酞菁钴双功能硫醇氧化催化剂的研究

以水滑石焙烧而成的Ｍｇ－Ａｌ复合氧化物（Ｍｇ（Ａｌ）Ｏ）固体碱负载酞菁钴（ＣｏＰｃＴＳ）双功能催化剂催化１－辛硫醇氧化反应，具有与含１０％ＮａＯＨ的传统催化体系相催化性能，能有效地将１－辛硫醇氧化与二硫化合物，催化剂在循环使用时，活性下降可能与ＣｏＰｃＴＳ氧化中心聚集有关。     

负载离子对型酞菁钴双功能硫醇氧化催化剂

将分别带有正、负电荷基团的季铵盐酞菁钴CoPc[N(CH3 ) 3 I]4 和磺酸盐酞菁钴CoPc(SO3 Na) 4溶解在一起 ,负载在由水滑石热分解而成的MgAl复合氧化物碱性载体上 ,制成负载离子对型酞菁钴催化剂 ,其所具有的碱性、氧化性双功能的特征能够有效地催化 1 辛硫醇氧化 .当这两种酞菁钴配合物的摩尔比为 1时 ,催化活性最高 ,并且稳定性也有较明显的改善 .这种双功能催化剂体系具有酶催化的特点 ,即遵循双底物 ( 1 C8H17SH和O2 )Michaelis Menten动力学规律 ;表观活化能Ea=5 0 .4kJ·mol-1.在一定范围内提高二元酞菁钴混合物的负载量 ,单位酞菁钴中心的活性基本保持恒定 ,表明形成的二聚体络合物可在一定程度上抑制酞菁钴分子的聚集 ,改善催化剂的性能 .同时 ,增大Mg(Al)O载体量即碱中心数 ,有利于催化剂活性和稳定性的提高 .这类新型双功能催化剂具有工业应用的前景 .     

NHPI结合磺化酞菁钴催化的乙苯氧化反应

探索了一种由N-羟基邻苯二甲酰亚胺（NHPI）和磺化酞菁钴（CoSPc）组成的催化体系催化的将乙苯转化成相应氧化物有效且温和的方法．结果显示控制NHPI和乙苯物质的量比为0．050,NHPI和CoSPc物质的量比为6,反应温度90℃,是该氧化反应的最佳条件,在此条件下,乙苯在氧气中反应10h,乙苯转化率和苯乙酮选择性分...     

水滑石焙烧产物负载磺化酞菁钴双功能硫醇氧化催化剂的研究 2.催化剂的活性与稳定性

以水滑石焙烧而成的Ｍｇ－Ａｌ复合氧化物（Ｍｇ（Ａ１）Ｏ）固体碱负载磺化酞菁钴（ＣｏＰｃＴＳ）双功能催化剂催化１－辛硫醇氧化反应，具有与含１０％ＮａＯＨ的传统催化体系相似的催化性能，能有效地将１－辛硫醇氧化为二硫化合物．催化剂在循环使用时，活性下降，可能与ＣｏＰｃＴＳ氧化中心聚集有关．     

四羧基金属酞菁负载纤维素纤维的制备及其消臭性能研究

合成了四羧基铁酞菁(Fe-CPc)和四羧基钴酞菁(Co-CPc),并对其进行了元素分析和红外光谱表征.在酸性条件下,将四羧基金属酞菁负载到改性纤维素纤维上,制备得到消臭纤维.实验结果表明,在室温条件下,四羧基铁酞菁消臭纤维(FePcF)、四羧基钴酞菁消臭纤维(CoPcF)和混合金属酞菁消臭纤维(CoFePcF)3种功能性纤维都能有效去除甲硫醇、硫化氢、氨气和三甲胺,甲硫醇和硫化氢按催化氧化机理除去,而氨气和三甲胺按酸碱中和机理除去;3种消臭纤维对甲硫醇和硫化氢的消臭效果为CoFePcF>CoPcF>FePcF.     

氢氧化铁负载亚纳米铂族金属催化剂室温湿氧化消除CO（英文）

室温条件下高效消除CO具有重要的意义,但目前仍具有极大的挑战.考虑到实际应用环境中存在的水汽,实现具有应用价值的CO消除过程的关键是设计耐湿性好,且能够在室温甚至更低温度下具有较高CO氧化活性的催化剂.以Hopcalite(Cu-Mn-Ox)和Co3O4为代表的氧化物和负载型Au基催化剂具有优异的低温CO氧化活性,但存在耐湿性差、催化性能重复性不好等缺点,因而限制了其实际应用.铂族金属催化剂凭借优异的稳定性和耐湿性成为目前最广泛应用的尾气净化催化剂.但是由于铂金属位点强吸附CO的毒化作用,CO氧化工作温度多在200℃以上,从而限制了其在室内空气净化、燃料电池工业氢源净化以及汽车发动机冷启动阶段尾气净化等过程中的实际应用.研究人员尝试调节金属粒子尺寸、金属-载体界面、双金属结构及助剂效应等以促进O2的活化或者削弱CO的吸附,尽管取得了一定的进展,但仍缺少一种具有普适性和实际CO消除应用前景的铂族金属基催化体系.本文利用新型Fe(OH)x负载亚纳米Rh催化剂作为室温条件下CO湿氧化的典型例子,研究H2O对CO氧化反应的影响并探索其反应机制,旨在为发展实际可用的CO氧化消除催化体系提供参考.活性测试结果表明,H2O的存在可以大幅提高Fe(OH)x负载亚纳米Rh催化剂的CO氧化速率,并在室温条件下实现CO的长效稳定消除;而相似共沉淀法制备的Rh/Al2O3催化剂上H2O并没有促进CO氧化.原位红外表征发现,Fe(OH)x在湿氧化CO过程中的重要作用在于为O2和H2O的吸附提供位点,促进二者反应生成羟基物种,并与亚纳米Rh团簇上吸附的CO反应生成CO2.此外,H2O的存在使得CO氧化的表观活化能由22降至9 kJ mol^-1,说明反应路径或决速步骤由CO+O转变为反应能垒更低的CO+OH,从而大幅提高了CO氧化反应速率和反应活性.随后,时间分辨CO滴定红外实验证明,Rh/Fe(OH)x催化剂表面OH可以与CO反应生成CO2,而Al2O3负载的纳米Rh催化剂则不能,从而进一步揭示了Fe(OH)x载体在高效湿氧化消除CO过程中的重要作用.最后,通过拓展实验证明该反应机理可以适用于Fe(OH)x负载的其它铂族金属催化剂,提供了一种具有普适性和实际CO消除应用前景的铂族金属基催化体系.     

Enhanced removal of acid red 1 with large amounts of dyeing auxiliaries: the pivotal role of cellulose support

As an almost inexhaustible material with unique and outstanding properties, cellulose presents promising potential in the practical issues. In this study, the cellulose fibers-supported cobalt tetra(2,4-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine)aminophthalocyanine(denoted as Co-TDTAPc-F) catalyst and H₂O₂ system was introduced for removing organic dyes from aqueous solution with large amounts of dyeing auxiliaries. The model dye (acid red 1, AR1) in a relatively low concentration was removed efficiently with a hydroxyl radical (·OH)-involved mechanism. Due to the inherently excellent performance of cellulose fibers (CFs) such as the controllable surface potential and unique swelling ability in aqueous solution, the catalytic oxidation of AR1 was evidently enhanced in the presence of typical dyeing additives (NaCl and urea). Furthermore, CFs have significantly reduced the alcohol inhibition in traditional ·OH-involved reactions by forming hydrogen bonds with hydroxyl group-containing compounds, just like isopropanol. Consequently, such innately wonderful properties of cellulose carriers allowed Co-TDTAPc-F to be a promising catalyst for removing highly hazardous target pollutants in actual wastewater with large amounts of organic and inorganic compounds. The finding serves as an example of well used excellent performance of cellulose support for better reactions, further leading to a comprehensive understanding and application of cellulose.     

新型水溶性钴酞菁的制备及其催化氧化硫醇的性能

采用丁二酸酐、顺丁烯二酸酐对四氨基钴酞菁进行改性后制得两种新型水溶性钴酞菁衍生物, 测试了这两种改性钴酞菁对巯基乙醇的催化氧化性能, 并考察了溶液pH值、温度和时间对催化氧化活性的影响, 结果表明, 在pH＝11时, 两种改性钴酞菁对巯基乙醇的催化氧化性能最好;随着温度的升高, 催化氧化性能提高.     

IR STUDIES ON SURFACE CHEMISTRY OF RHODIUM IN HYDROFORMYLATION CATALYSTS

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Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Glucose by Rhodium Porphyrin-Functionalized MWCNT Electrodes: Application to a Fully Molecular Catalyst-Based Glucose/O(2) Fuel Cell

This paper details the electrochemical investigation of a deuteroporphyrin dimethylester (DPDE) rhodium(III) ((DPDE)Rh(III)) complex, immobilized within a MWCNT/Nafion electrode, and its integration into a molecular catalysis-based glucose fuel cell. The domains of present (DPDE)Rh(I), (DPDE)Rh-H, (DPDE)Rh(II), and (DPDE)Rh(III) were characterized by surface electrochemistry performed at a broad pH range. The Pourbaix diagrams (plots of E(1/2) vs pH) support the stability of (DPDE)Rh(II) at intermediate pH and the predominance of the two-electron redox system (DPDE)Rh(I)/(DPDE)Rh(III) at both low and high pH. This two-electron system is especially involved in the electrocatalytic oxidation of alcohols and was applied to the glucose oxidation. The catalytic oxidation mechanism exhibits an oxidative deactivation coupled with a reductive reactivation mechanism, which has previously been observed for redox enzymes but not yet for a metal-based molecular catalyst. The MWCNT/(DPDE)Rh(III) electrode was finally integrated in a novel design of an alkaline glucose/O(2) fuel cell with a MWCNT/phthalocyanin cobalt(II) (CoPc) electrode for the oxygen reduction reaction. This nonenzymatic molecular catalysis-based glucose fuel cell exhibits a power density of P(max) = 0.182 mW cm(-2) at 0.22 V and an open circuit voltage (OCV) of 0.64 V.     

Photo-Induced Intermolecular Electron Transfer-Effect of Acceptor Molecular Structures

Photo-induced electron transfer versus molecular structure of acceptors is investigated using ultrafast time-resolved transient grating spectroscopy. Typical laser dyes Rhodamine 101 (Rh101) and Rhodamine 6G (Rh6G) in electron donor solvent-aniline are adopted as the objects. The forward electron transfer time constant from aniline to the excited singlet state of two Rhodamine dyes and subsequent back electron transfer from two dyes to aniline are measured. The experimental results denote that Rh6G presents faster electron transfer rates with aniline in both forward electron transfer and back electron transfer processes. With chemical calculation and qualitative analysis, it is found that the flexible molecular geometry of Rh6G leads to stronger electron coupling with donor solvent and further gives rise to larger electron transfer rates.     

The kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of isopropanol with the hydrogen peroxide-vanadate ion-pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid system

The vanadate anion in the presence of pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid (PCA) was found to effectively catalyze the oxidation of isopropanol to acetone with hydrogen peroxide. The electronic spectra of solutions and the kinetics of oxidation were studied. The conclusion was drawn that the rate-determining stage of the reaction was the decomposition of the vanadium(V) diperoxo complex with PCA, and the particle that induced the oxidation of isopropanol was the hydroxyl radical. Supposedly, the HO^· radical detached a hydrogen atom from isopropanol, and the Me₂ C^· (OH) radical formed reacted with HOO^· to produce acetone and hydrogen peroxide. The electronic spectra of solutions in isopropanol and acetonitrile and the dependences of the initial rates of isopropanol oxidation without a solvent and cyclohexane oxidation in acetonitrile on the initial concentration of hydrogen peroxide were compared. The conclusion was drawn that hydroxyl radicals appeared in the oxidation of alkanes in acetonitrile in the decomposition of the vanadium diperoxo complex rather than the monoperoxo derivative, as was suggested by us earlier.     

基于泡沫铜的多孔碳均匀负载Cu3P纳米颗粒的制备及其光催化降解染料性能北大核心CSCD

为了开发活性高、易回收的光催化剂,采用多步热解法制备了基于泡沫铜的多孔碳均匀负载Cu_(3)P纳米颗粒。在泡沫铜(FC)基底原位生长铜基金属-有机框架晶态材料(Cu-MOF),通过热解处理使得泡沫铜表面覆盖了均匀负载于碳材料的Cu_(2)O/Cu纳米颗粒(Cu_(2)O/Cu@NPC@FC-400)。对该材料进行磷化处理得到目标光催化剂Cu_(3)P@NPC@FC-400。利用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、紫外-可见漫散射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等表征材料的组成和形貌。以罗丹明B(Rh B)溶液作为模拟废水,探究其光催化性能及机理。结果发现,Cu_(3)P@NPC@FC-400材料对罗丹明B染料具有良好的光催化性能,在3 h内染料去除率可达94%。该材料便于回收,循环利用10次后,光催化活性保持不变。此外,该材料对于含有7种染料的复杂体系也具有优异的光降解性能。该催化剂具有稳定性高、回收简便的优势,可用于处理含有多种染料的废水。     

Aggregation states of rhodamine 6G in electrospun nanofibrous films

Novel fluorescent composite nanofibrous films of rhodamine 6G (Rh6G) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) are first prepared by electrospinning. The aggregation states of Rh6G in electruspun nanofibrous films are studied as a function of concentrations and characterized by UV–vis absorption spectroscopy and emission and excitation fluorescence spectroscopy. We have also used casting films as reference material to compare the effect of incorporation of Rh6G in electrospun nanofibrous films and casting films. The large specific surface area of the nanofibers and fast evaporation of the solvents in the electrospinning process reduced the aggregation of Rh6G. The appearance of fluorescent J-type dimers, even at higher dye concentration in elctrospun films, demonstrates that the electrospun films are an ideal material for incorporation of fluorescent dyes.     

Dispersion and Interaction of Charged Fluorescent Dyes in Protein-Polymer Surfactant-based Non-Aqueous Liquid

Viscous, non-aqueous liquid comprising stoichiometric conjugates of polymer surfactant-bovine serum albumin (PSpBSA) is used as a host matrix for the dispersion of chemically distinct hydrophilic dyes. Using a combination of bright field polarized optical microscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy, we investigate the dispersion of dry and powdered cationic (Rhodamine 6G; Rh6G) and anionic (Fluorescein; FL) dyes in the PSpBSA liquid at room temperature. As the dyes disperse and dissolve in the PSpBSA liquid, it results in a pronounced increase in emission intensity of the former. Interestingly, a shift from 571 to 582 nm is observed in the emission maxima of Rh6G as it disperses in the PSpBSA solvent. Whilst no such red shift is found for the Rh6G dispersion in the aqueous solutions of either native BSA or polymer-surfactant conjugated BSA, a similar shift occurs when Rh6G is dispersed in neat polymer-surfactant (PS), suggesting the interaction of the dye with the PS chains. In the case of anionic FL, no shift is observed in its emission maximum as it disperses in the PSpBSA liquid. Furthermore, within 120 minutes of FL dispersion in the PSpBSA liquid, we observe a ≈26 % decrease in the tryptophan emission intensity (λ_exc.=285 nm; λ_emi.=330 nm) of BSA, which could be attributed to both static and dynamic quenching. Our findings provide a proof of concept of an alternative non-aqueous solvent matrix which can dissolve and disperse charged fluorescent dyes, provide suitable binding sites, and show substantial photoluminescence. Thus, it can be envisaged for utilization as an alternative solvent medium for lasing dyes and related applications.     

罗丹明6G-锰(Ⅱ)-过氧化体系荧光法测定常见油性种子的抗氧化活性

碱性介质中罗丹明6G能产生特征荧光,其最大激发波长和发射波长分别为350 nm和550 nm;Mn2+-H2O2体系在碱性介质中产生的羟自由基可以迅速氧化罗丹明6G使其荧光猝灭,而油性种子的浸提物可以清除羟自由基,从而使溶液的荧光猝灭程度降低,据此建立了测定油性种子抗氧化性的新方法.实验观察到抗氧化剂维生素C和硫脲等在低浓度范围内对羟自由基的清除率与用量呈上升关系,而在大浓度下反而下降.讨论了样品的水、醋酸、乙醇溶剂浸提物对羟自由基的清除效率.用水、醋酸作提取剂,分别测试了7种常见油性种子的抗氧化活性.