硅源对蒸氨法制备Cu/SiO2催化剂催化甲醇裂解制氢的影响

采用蒸氨法制备Cu/SiO₂催化剂,分别考察气相二氧化硅（SiO₂-aer）、硅胶（SiO₂-gel）和碱性硅溶胶（SiO₂-sol）对Cu/SiO₂催化剂催化甲醇裂解制氢性能的影响,并采用N₂吸附-脱附、N₂O化学吸附、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法（ICP-AES）、X射线衍射（XRD）、H₂程序升温还原（H₂-TPR）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）等方法对催化剂进行表征。结果表明,硅源对Cu/SiO₂催化剂的活性具有较大影响。以碱性硅溶胶作为硅源制得的Cu/SiO₂-sol催化剂比表面积较大,活性中心粒径较小且分散均匀,这些使得其制氢性能优于其他两种硅源为载体所制备的催化剂。在反应温度280 ℃,反应压力1 MPa,甲醇质量空速0.6 h^-1的条件下,相较于Cu/SiO₂-aer和Cu/SiO₂-gel催化剂,Cu/SiO₂-sol催化剂的甲醇转化率分别提高10％和7％,气相副产物CH₄和CO₂浓度也有所降低,该催化剂上的甲醇转化率和气体收率分别达到98.4%和96.7%。     

助剂对铁基费托合成催化剂氧化行为的影响:H2O作用的解读

以纯Fe催化剂为研究对象,采用XRD、Raman和TPH等手段考察了催化剂的碳化程度、还原程度对H_2O氧化过程的影响,获得了H_2O氧化过程与催化剂中碳物种转变之间的相互影响规律;系统考察了典型的费托合成助剂K和SiO_2存在时对催化剂物化性质以及H_2O氧化行为的影响,发现催化剂的碳化程度越高,碳化铁的抗H_2O氧化能力越强,氧化过程使得碳物种的石墨化程度增加。适量K助剂可促进碳化铁和催化剂表面石墨碳的形成,提高了碳化铁在H_2O氧化过程中的稳定性;SiO_2助剂的加入显著抑制了催化剂的碳化,但可有效提高碳化铁以及碳物种的稳定性。     

A Novel Dimer--Heteropolytungstate with a Vanadium Atom as the Centre--Synthesis and Structural Characterization of (H3O)4[VW12O40Na(H2O)4]2

A novel dimer-tungstovanadate,(H3O)4［VW12O40Na(H2O)4］2,was hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction,IR spectra,TGA-DSC thermal analysis and polarograpy.The yellowish crystal crystallized in the triclinic system,space group ,a=1.464 5(3) nm,b=1.4686(3) nm,c=1.4111(3) nm,α=111.82(2)°,βA novel dimer-tungstovanadate,(H3O)4［VW12O40Na(H2O)4］2,was hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction,IR spectra,TGA-DSC thermal analysis and polarograpy.The yellowish crystal crystallized in the triclinic system,space group ,a=1.464 5(3) nm,b=1.4686(3) nm,c=1.4111(3) nm,α=111.82(2)°,β=93.17(3)°,γ=117.47(3)°,V=2.2106(8) nm3,Z=1,Dc=4.552 g.cm-3,λ(Mo Kα)=0.071073 nm,μ=31.402 mm-1,F(000)=2648,R=0.0780.The title compound consists of two Keggin structure units linked together with two hydrated sodium cations to form a dimer with a porous structure with the pore dimension of 0.766 nm×0.7785 nm.     

一步法合成多级孔结构ZSM-5分子筛

多级孔结构ZSM-5分子筛的合成过程复杂。利用双模板剂,通过优化晶化条件(如晶化时间与晶化温度)和Si/Al物质的量比等一步水热晶化合成了具有多级孔结构的ZSM-5分子筛,并采用XRD、N₂吸附-脱附、吡啶红外吸脱附、SEM和TEM等方法对样品的晶体结构、孔道结构、表面酸性和形貌等进行了表征。结果表明,一步法合成多级孔结构ZSM-5分子筛的适宜条件是:晶化温度160-180℃,晶化时间24-96 h,反应物组成为SiO₂/Al₂O₃/Na₂O/CTAB/TPABr/H₂O=1/x/0.4/0.05/0.12/280,(x:50-240)。其中,晶化温度160℃、晶化时间48 h和以Si/Al物质的量比50的凝胶合成的样品具有有序的介孔(平均尺寸3.60 nm)结构、较高的结晶度和较强的酸性。     

Co(Ⅱ)-Zn(Ⅱ)掺杂配位聚合物的 合成及物理性能

采用均苯三甲酸配体、 硝酸锌与硝酸钴反应, 一步合成了钴掺杂的锌配位聚合物Zn_1-xCo_x(BTC)·(OH)(H₂O)₃(NMP)(DMF)(H₂O)_1.5(H₃BTC为1,3,5-均苯三酸, NMP为1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮, DMF为N,N'-二甲基甲酰胺, x=0~0.8). 该化合物结构经X射线单晶衍射确定, 属于立方晶系, 空间群P2₁3, 晶胞参数a=1.43863(20) nm. 利用元素分析、 能量散色光谱(EDS)、 UV-Vis光谱、 X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、 热重分析(TGA)、 氮气吸附和磁性分析等表征手段对样品的物理性质进行了表征. 氮气吸附实验结果表明, 该配位聚合物具有良好的微孔吸附特性, Langmiur比面积为832 m ²/g, 孔径为0.84 nm; 元素分析结果表明, 钴/锌摩尔比为1∶1时, 在37~300 K温度范围内其磁性表现为反铁磁性, 并满足Curie-Weiss定律.     

新型Brnsted-Lewis酸性催化剂LaPW_(12)O_(40)/SiO_2制备及其在催化酯化反应合成生物柴油中的应用

以十二磷钨杂多酸(Tungstophosphoric acid,H_3PW_(12)O_(40))为基体,分别通过普通浸渍法、溶胶凝胶法和超声浸渍法进行了La3+改性作用,合成了三种固体酸催化剂A-LaPW_(12)O_(40)、B-LaPW_(12)O_(40)/Si O2和C-LaPW_(12)O_(40)。采用X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、孔径比表面积测定、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、热重(TG)、N2吸附-脱附、NH3程序升温脱附(NH3-TPD)、吡啶吸附红外光谱(Py-FTIR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等方法对合成的催化剂进行了表征,并比较了以上催化剂在用于催化以油酸和甲醇为反应物经酯化反应合成生物柴油时的活性和稳定性。结果表明,B-LaPW_(12)O_(40)/Si O2具有最高催化活性,当甲醇与油酸的物质的量比为8∶1,催化剂用量为反应物总质量的2%,反应温度为65℃,反应1 h后,油酸的转化率即高达93%。循环使用B-LaPW_(12)O_(40)/Si O2催化剂六次后,油酸的转化率仍高达86.4%。B-LaPW_(12)O_(40)/Si O2的高催化活性和稳定性可归因于在溶胶凝胶的转化过程中,作为硅源材料的四乙氧基硅(TEOS)易在酸性条件下发生水解反应形成Si O2网络,进而Si O2网络中的硅醇键与H_3PW_(12)O_(40)中的H+发生配位作用,生成具有强静电吸附力的(≡Si-OH2+)(H2PW12O-40)络合物。随着该络合物的形成,促进了La3+在Si O2表面的吸附而堵塞了H_3PW_(12)O_(40)的孔道结构,抑制了H_3PW_(12)O_(40)颗粒在焙烧过程中进一步聚集长大。Si O2将作为载体并以干凝胶状态存在于B-LaPW_(12)O_(40)/Si O2催化剂中,由于Si O2凝胶的高比表面积而使B-LaPW_(12)O_(40)/Si O2具有了较大的比表面积,从H_3PW_(12)O_(40)的1.4 m2/g增加至31.3 m2/g。并且,通过吡啶吸附红外光谱确定B-LaPW_(12)O_(40)/Si O2为Br9nsted-Lewis酸型固体酸,由于Br9nsted酸位易与酯化反应过程中生成的水发生水合反应而失活,因而Lewis酸位的形成有助于减少催化剂的失活现象发生。Lewis酸位的出现可归因于(≡Si-OH2+)(H2PW12O-40)与吸附在其表面的具有强吸电子作用的La3+发生键合作用后生成了LaPW_(12)O_(40)/Si O2。     

草酸二甲酯气相催化加氢合成乙二醇的研究

采用共沉淀法制备了一系列 CuO/SiO₂ 催化剂,进行草酸二甲酯气相加氢活性评价,分别考察了不同沉淀剂（Na₂CO₃、NH₃·H₂O、NaOH）、催化剂组成以及反应工艺条件对加氢性能的影响。采用N₂ 吸附脱附、N₂O吸附、XRD、TG热重分析、H₂-TPR等手段对催化剂进行表征。结果表明,草酸二甲酯加氢反应活性与Cu⁰有关,提高铜比表面积有利于提高加氢活性。采用以NaOH沉淀剂制备的CuO质量分数为50%的CuO/SiO₂催化剂,在200℃、2MPa、0.07h^-1和氢酯摩尔比为100时,草酸二甲酯转化率可达 98%,乙二醇选择性87%,且催化剂表现出较好的稳定性。     

制备方法对V-Mo/TiO2催化剂脱硝性能的影响

采用浸渍法、溶胶凝胶法和水热法制备了一系列V-Mo/TiO_2催化剂,考察了制备方法对催化剂脱硝性能及抗SO_2/H_2O性能的研究。并运用XRD、BET、NH_3-TPD、H_2-TPR、XPS等方法对催化剂的理化性能进行了表征,结果表明,溶胶凝胶法制备的催化剂具有较小的晶粒粒径,较大的比表面积和孔容,较多的表面酸量,较强的氧化还原能力以及较高的V~(4+)和表面活性氧,因此,3%V_2O_5-6%MoO_3/TiO_2(sol-gel)催化剂在80-360℃,表现出最佳的脱硝效率;引入10%H_2O和0.03%SO_2后,NO转化率仅下降7个百分点,表现出最佳的抗SO_2/H_2O性能。     

Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Supported on Metal-organic Frameworks: a Highly Active Catalyst for Three-component Coupling Reaction

Engineering metal-organic frameworks(MOF) for heterogeneous catalysts have been of extreme interest since they have large pore size within the crystalline framework and well defined pore architecture. Ni-containing MOF Ni₂(3,5-Pydc)₂(H₂O)₈·2H₂O(1·H₂O) was prepared by solvothermal method from 3,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid, D-camphoric acid and Ni(NO₃)₂·6H₂O in dimethylformamide(DMF)/water(volume ratio 2:1). And two gold and silver functionalized 1·H₂O catalysts were prepared by impregnation method. Catalysts 2.53%Au/MOF and 4.23%Ag/MOF were in-depth characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, powder X-ray diffraction(PXRD), thermogravimetric analysis(TGA), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy(ICP-AES). Their catalytic performance was examined in one-pot synthesis of structurally divergent propargylamines via three component coupling of aldehyde, alkyne, and amine(A³) in 1,4-dioxane. The results show that the catalysts all displayed high reactivities, and a selectivity of 100% for propargylamines. Catalysts 2.53%Au/MOF and 4.23%Ag/MOF have proved to be applicable to a wide range of substrates. Catalysts 2.53%Au/MOF and 4.23%Ag/MOF can be easily recycled and used repetitively at least 3 times with a slight drop in activity. These features render the catalysts particularly attractive in the practice of propargylamines synthesis in an environmentally friendly manner.     

Structure,Thermal Behavior and Characterization of a New Hybrid Iron Fluoride FeF4(2,2'-bipyridine)(H2O)2

New crystal of FeF₄(2,2'-bipyridine)(H₂O)₂ was prepared by hydrothermal synthesis. Crystalline structure determination is performed from single crystal X-ray diffraction data. The unit cell is monoclinic space group P2₁/n, with cell parameters a=0.9046(5) nm, b=0.7502(5) nm, c=1.9539(5) nm, β=93.307(5)°, V=1.3238(12) nm³ and Z=4. The structure of FeF₄(2,2'-bipyridine)(H₂O)₂ is built up from FeF₄N₂ octahedra coordinated by two nitrogen atoms of the 2,2'-bipyridine molecules, and four fluorine atoms as well as uncoordinated H₂O molecules. Thermal analysis of the title compound showed that the decomposition introduced four steps. IR spectra confirmed the presence of 2,2'-bipyridine molecules. The optical absorption was measured at the corresponding l_max using UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectrum.     

Formation of infinite 2D water layers in a crystal host

A self-assembled,(H_2O)_(38) cluster stabilized by a mono-nuclear copper(Ⅱ) complex 1 namely {[Cu(phen)_2(CO_3)]·7H_2O} is characterized by X-ray diffraction studies.The adjacent(H_2O)_(38) clusters connect together resulting in an infinite 2D water layer structure.The water morphology is stable at room temperature,but upon thermal decomposition,the water loss is irreversible.     

沸石分子筛的生成机理与晶体生长(Ⅺ)——T型沸石的晶体生长

本文提出描述圆柱形T型沸石的晶体生长动力学模型,与实验结果吻合良好。     

Structural Characterization and Luminescence Properties of Two 4d-4fLn-Ag Coordination Compounds Based on Dinuclear Lanthanide Clusters

Two new compounds,[ErAg（INA）2（C2O4）]·2H2O（1）（HINA=nicotinic acid） and [Tb0.8Y0.2Ag2（IN）4·（H2O）5]·NO3·2H2O（2）（HIN=isonicotinic acid）,based on the {Ln2} building units,have been hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction,infrared spectroscopy,thermal analysis and powder X-ray diffraction（PXRD）.Single-crystal X-ray diffraction data reveal that both compounds crystallized in the low-symmetry triclinic space group P1-.Compound 1 is a 3D heterometallic coordination framework based on {Er2}clusters,oxalate ligands and bridging [Ag（INA）] linkers,while compound 2 consists of 0D [Tb0.8·Y0.2Ag2（IN）4（H2O）5]2 subunits that give a 3D supramolecular structure through hydrogen bond interaction.The photoluminescent properties of both compounds（1 and 2） were studied.     

Melting and thermal decomposition of [Ni(H2O)6](NO3)2

The two-stage melting process and the thermal decomposition of [Ni(H₂O)₆](NO₃)₂ was studied by DSC, DTA and TG. The first melting point at 328 K is connected with the small and the second melting point at 362 K with the large enthalpy and entropy changes. The thermal dehydration process starts just above ca. 315 K and continues up to ca. 500 K. It consists of three well-separated stages, but the sample mass loss at each stage depends on the experimental regime. However, irrespective of the chosen regime, the total of registered mass losses in stage one and two amounts to three H₂O molecules per one [Ni(H₂O)₆](NO₃)₂ molecule. The remaining three H₂O molecules are gradually freed in the temperature range of 440–500 K in the third stage of the dehydration. Above 580 K, anhydrous Ni(NO₃)₂ decomposes into NO and NiO. The gaseous products were identified by quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS), and the solid product was identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis.     

Crystal structure and physico-chemical properties of diaquabis(1,10-phenanthroline)manganese(II) disaccharinate monohydrate

A novel manganese complex, [Mn(phen)₂(H₂O)₂](sac)₂·H₂O, was synthesized by the reaction of [Mn(sac)₂(H₂O)₄]·2H₂O with 1,10-phenantroline in aqueous solution and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectral evidence, magnetic measurements, thermal analysis and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound crystallizes in triclinic system, space group P-1, with Z=2. The saccharinate ions do not coordinate the central metal, instead are present as the complementary anions. In the complex cation, Mn(II) is coordinated by two phen and two aqua ligands, and exhibits a distorted octahedral coordination with a high-spin configuration. The presence of lattice and coordinate water molecules are also confirmed by thermal analysis and IR spectroscopy.     

ZSM-5沸石大单晶的生长

ZSM-5是近十年来发展的具有广泛应用前景的高硅沸石分子筛。其骨架主要由五元环连结而成,具有十元环孔道(直径约6(?))。空间群为P_nma。大于40μm的均匀完美沸石单晶体,为晶体结构的测定以及与催化性质有密切关系的阳离子交换、扩散、吸附等重要性质的研究所必须。在通常的条件下获得大而完美的沸石单晶体是困难的。单晶的合成,有利于研究沸石晶体的形成与生长机理,是沸石结晶动力学研究的重要课题之一。     

Solvothermal Synthesis, Structural Characterization and Properties of Two New Layered Lanthanide Sulfates

Two new layered lanthanide sulfates,[C₁₀H₁₀N₂][Pr₂(SO₄)₄(H₂O)₂](1)and[H₅O₂][Sm(SO₄)₂(H₂O)₃](2)were synthesized via solvothermal reaction and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction(XRD), infrared(IR) spectroscopy, thermal analysis, fluorescent spectra and inductively coupled plasma(ICP). Crystal data for compound 1, triclinic, P space group, a=0.8052(4) nm, b=0.9438(4) nm, c=1.4990(7) nm, α=79.450(5)°, β= 83.703(5)°, γ=74.048(5)°, V=1.0746(9) nm³, Z=2; for compound 2, monoclinic, P2₁/c space group, a=0.6599(11) nm, b=1.8940(3) nm, c=0.8765(14) nm, β=96.596(2)°, V=1.0883(3) nm³, Z=4. Structure analysis indicates that both the compounds exhibit a 2D corrugated layer structure, with protonated 4,4'-bipyridine cations and water dimmers (H₅O₂)⁺ located between the inorganic layers of compounds 1 and 2, respectively. Luminescent properties of compounds 1 and 2 were further investigated.     

Synthesis,Structure Characteristic and Thermal Behavior of Two New Metal-organic Azo-triazole Compounds: [Zn(phen)3]·ZTO·6H2O and[Cu(phen)3]·ZTO·6H2O

[Zn(phen)₃]·ZTO·6H₂O(1) and[Cu(phen)₃]·ZTO·6H₂O(2) were synthesized by the reaction of Zn(NO₃)₂·6H₂O/Cu(NO₃)₂·3H₂O with 4,4-azo-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-one(ZTO) and 1,10-phenanthroline(phen). The two compounds were characterized by elemental analysis and IR spectrum analysis, respectively. Compound 1 was also characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. For compound 1, the coordination geometry around the Zn²⁺ is a distorted octahedron, with the bite angles of 76.7(3)°-77.6(4)° for all three phen ligands. Moreover, the thermal behaviors and thermal decomposition kinetics were studied and analyzed. Besides, thermal stability and safety parameters(T_SADT, T_b) are 164.7 and 166.4℃ for compound 1, and 149.6 and 150.8℃ for compound 2, respectively.     

Hydroformylation of alkyl alkenes catalyzed by rhodium supported on MCM-41: The effect of H3PW12O40 on the catalytic activity and recycling

Heteropolyacids impregnated with rhodium(I) or (III) complexes were prepared and used as supported catalysts in the hydroformylation of alkyl alkenes. Two general types of catalysts were prepared and tested: rhodium(I) or (III) in the presence and in the absence of the heteropolyacid H₃PW₁₂O₄₀, 25H₂O (adopted as HPW₁₂) supported on MCM-41 (30 Å). 1-Octene was chosen as a model substrate. Different types of supported catalysts were tested in the hydroformylation of 1-octene and other alkyl alkenes. The effects of the temperature and the type of solvent on the reaction were studied. The results showed that the supported catalysts containing the heteropolyacid H₃PW₁₂O₄₀, 25H₂O (HPW₁₂) along with rhodium(I) or (III) gave higher catalytic activity. In addition, the recycling of the supported catalysts was studied and the results showed again the important effect of the presence of HPW₁₂ on the recycling of the rhodium catalysts.     

乙二醇促进制备高分散的Co/SiO2催化剂及其催化乳酸乙酯转化为1,2-丙二醇的气相加氢活性

研究了利用乙二醇共浸渍方法制备高分散的二氧化硅负载钴催化剂,该催化剂有效地提高了乳酸乙酯的气相加氢反应活性。系统地考察了钴金属负载量、乙二醇与硝酸钴摩尔比、醇种类和焙烧温度等制备参数对四氧化三钴纳米粒子物性的影响。乙二醇与硝酸钴摩尔比和醇种类对二氧化硅负载的四氧化三钴纳米粒子大小有显著影响。与常规的浸渍方法相比较,共浸渍过程中的乙二醇增强了二价钴粒子和载体二氧化硅之间的相互作用力,从而引起金属钴分散度的提高以及四氧化三钴纳米粒子粒径从16 nm降到5 nm以下;金属钴的高分散与无定型硅酸钴的形成密切相关;同时显著地提高了乳酸乙酯的加氢活性,在反应条件下(2.5MPa、160 ℃和10%(w,质量分数)Co/SiO₂)乳酸乙酯的转化率从69.5%提高到98.6%,1,2-丙二醇的选择性达到98.0%。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、N₂吸脱附实验、H₂程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)等表征手段对共浸渍制备的Co/SiO₂催化剂结构和形貌进行了表征分析。