冠心病患者全血微量元素锌、铜、铁的分析

用原子吸收法测定５０例健康人、５２例冠心病患者全血微量元素锌、铜、铁的含量，并对５２例冠心病患者全血微量元素锌、铜、铁的含量及锌／铜比值，与其血脂总胆固醇（ＣＨ）、甘油三酯（ＴＧ）、高密度脂蛋白（ＨＤＬ）、低密度脂蛋白（ＬＤＬ）的浓度分别作线性相关分析。结果表明：（１）冠心病患者全血锌、铁、锌／铜比值均高于健康人（Ｐ＜０．０５），全血铜低于健康人（Ｐ＜０．０５）。（２）全血锌与ＨＤＬ呈负相关（Ｐ＜０．０１）、锌／铜比值与总胆固醇呈正相关（Ｐ＜０．０５），铁与ＬＤＬ呈正相关（Ｐ＜０．０１）．提示锌／铜比值增高及体内铁储存增加均可能是冠心病易患因素．     

含锌冲剂治疗小儿缺锌的临床观察

本文通过含锌冲剂治疗小儿血锌低下２４例．对患儿临床症状改善情况进行比较，发现改善厌食症状有效率达８６．３６％，反应呼吸道感染有效率达９５．２４％．对缺锌组治疗前与正常儿童血铸进行比较．治疗组血锌比正常组明显偏低，Ｐ＜０．００１，其差异有极显著意义．对治疗组治疗前后的血锌等元素进行测定与比较，口服含锌冲剂治疗后，血锌大部分升高，经ｌ检验，Ｐ＜０．００５，其差别有显著意义。而Ｚｎ／Ｃｕ比值在治疗后明显升高，Ｐ＜０．００１，更说明含锌冲剂对调整微量元素有肯定的效果。     

佝偻病患儿发中微量元素观察

对４８例佝偻病患儿发中锌、铅、铜３种元素用ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ法测定，同时采患儿指端血用超微量分析仪测定血钙、磷、碱性磷酸酶（ＡＫＰ），与正常组对比，以探讨佝偻病与微量元素的关系．结果表明：佝偻病患儿发锌、血钙、血磷低于对照组，发锌１００．３６×１０－６±５１．８８×１０－６，１６７．７６×１０－６±１１３．５２×１０－６，Ｐ＜０．０１；血钙４．７７±０．８６ｍｇ／ｄＬ，５．２９±０．５７ｍｇ／ｄＬ，Ｐ＜０．０５；血磷８．２１±１．０６ｍｇ／ｄＬ，９．４５±１．４４ｍｇ／ｄＬ，Ｐ＜０．０１，发铅、铜／锌比值及ＡＫＰ高于对照组，分别为发铅４６．７×１０－６±２６．７×１０－６，２６．７９×１０－６±１１．６×１０－６，Ｐ＜０．０１；铜／锌０．２５８９±０．１８７，０．１４４２±０．１０６，Ｐ＜０．０５；ＡＫＰ３６．４３±２４．６５ｕ，２５．１８±５．７９ｕ，Ｐ＜０．０５。提示婴幼儿体内锌含量不足及铅过高是引起佝偻病的原因之一。在防治佝偻病时，应补充微量元素锌．     

甲状腺机能亢进症头发锌、硒、钒、锂、锗5种微量元素的动态变化

测定了２４例甲亢治疗前后及３０例健康对照的头发锌、硒、钒、锂及锗的含量，发现未治疗的甲亢头发锌、硒、钒、锂及锗含量较对照组低，Ｚｎ、Ｓｅ、Ｌｉ、Ｇｅ，Ｐ＜０．００１，Ｖ，Ｐ＜０．０１．甲亢经６～１２周抗甲亢药物治疗后．头发中５种元素均较治疗前上升（Ｐ＜０．００１），且头发钒和锂含量治疗后已达到对照组水平，Ｖ，Ｐ＞０．２，Ｌｉ，Ｐ＞０．１，而头发锌、晒及锗含量治疗后仍低于对照组（Ｐ＜０　．００１）．结论：甲亢头发锌、硒、钒、锂及锗含量降低．经６～１２周抗甲亢治疗可使头发钒及锂含量恢复正常水平，而其余３种元素则可能需要更长时间的抗甲亢治疗才能恢复至正常水平。     

恶性骨肿瘤病人血清铜,锌测定

对１９名恶性骨肿瘤病人进行了血清铜、锌测定，与正常对照组进行比较，结果显示患病组血清铜２１．２±６．４４μｍｏｌ／Ｌ高于对照组的１４．２±３．６０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ（Ｐ＜０．０１），且铜／锌比值明显增高（Ｐ＜０．０１）。血清锌两组间差异无显著性意义。     

口腔粘膜免疫性疾病患者血清微量元素变化研究

选择了４５例免疫性口腔粘膜病人进行血清微量元素含量变化研究，以探讨日腔粘膜免疫性疾病患者血清微量元素的变化，给临床提供使用微量元素作辅助治疗的实验依据。结果显示血清锌、铜含量均显著低于对照参考值（Ｐ＜０．０１ｆ）．铁含量低于参考值（０．０１＜Ｐ＜０．０５），而血清镁含量高于对照参考值（Ｐ＜０．００１）。     

铜（Ⅱ）锌（Ⅱ）—氟哌酸体系电化学行为及示波极谱法研究

铜（Ⅱ）和锌（Ⅱ）分别在０．１ｍｏｌ／ＬＫＨ２ＰＯ４－Ｎａ２ＨＰＯ４缓冲溶液（ｐＨ６．５）和０．２５ｍｏｌ／ＬＮＨ４Ｃｌ溶液中，与氟哌酸形成良好的络合吸附波，峰电位分别为－０．２６Ｖ和－１．２８Ｖ（ｖｓ．ＳＣＥ），络合比分别为１：３和１：２，峰电流与铜（Ⅱ）和锌（Ⅱ）的浓度均在４．０×１０＾－７～５．０×１０＾－６ｎｏｌ／Ｌ范围内呈线性关系，检测限分别为７．０×１０＾－８和５．０×１０＾－８ｍｏｌ     

65例6～14岁复发性口疮患儿血清微量元素与免疫功能检测结果分析

为探讨儿童组复发性口疮患者发病期间血清微量元素与免疫功能状态，选取了６５名６～１４岁患儿作血清锌、铁含量、铜／锌比值、Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群及免疫球蛋白检测，与对照组对比分析。结果显示，实验组Ｆｅ、Ｚｎ含量、Ｃｕ／Ｚｎ比值与对照组有显著差异（Ｐ＜００１），ＣＤ３、ＣＤ４、ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８与对照组比较有显著差异（Ｐ＜００１），ＩｇＧ含量明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜００１）。提示儿童组患者发病期间同样存在血清微量元素改变，免疫功能紊乱。     

葡萄糖酸锌对肿瘤患者淋巴细胞转化率及NK细胞活性的影响

４例肿瘤患者口服葡萄糖酸锌１片（含锌１０ｍｇ）ｔｉｄ×１个月,以淋巴细胞转化率及ＮＫ细胞活性为细胞免疫功能指标,观察了葡萄糖酸锌对免疫功能的影响。结果显示,肿瘤患者口服葡萄糖酸锌后血清锌水平升高（Ｐ＜００５）,ＮＫ细胞活性增强（Ｐ＜００１）、淋巴细胞转化率提高（Ｐ＜００５）。表明对低锌肿瘤患者补锌,对提高细胞免疫功能,改善预后有重要价值     

聚乙烯醇对锌镉铅溶出增敏作用及应用

在０．０５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ（ｐＨ６．５）乙二妥－盐酸介质中,聚乙烯醇－１２４ＰＶＡ－１２４）对锌,镉,铅的电位溶出有显著的增敏作用。当富集６０ｓ时,其检出限均达６．０μｇ／Ｌ,线性范围：锌０．６－３５μｇ／Ｌ,镉０．６－４５μｇ／Ｌ,铅０．６－５０μｇ／Ｌ。标准加入回收率为９２．４％－１１０％。ＲＳＤ（ｎ－４）〈７．０％。     

化“材”为“筑”

Chemistry is a central, practical and creative discipline. The development of chemistry plays an important role in the progress of science and society, as well as the improvement of the quality of human life. This paper introduces the chemical knowledge of stone, concrete, glass and other inorganic nonmetallic building materials by the anthropomorphically story. Taking nanomaterials as an example, the prospect of building materials development in the future is put forward.     

"Alpha"-, "beta"- and "delta"-anhydrodigitoxigenin

The syntheses of 3β-hydroxy-5β-carda-14, 20:22-dienolide (= «β»-anhydro-), 3β-hydroxy-5β-carda-8:14, 20:22-dienolide (= «α»-anhydro-) and «δ»-anhydro-digitoxigenin (= probably 3β-hydroxy-5β, 14β-carda-8, 20:22-dienolide) by the best ways known to date, have been described. «δ»-Anhydro-digitoxigenin represents the thermodynamically most stable isomer. In this isomer the double bond in position 8 is unaffected by hydrogenation with Pt in acetic acid; with perbenzoic acid an epoxide results from which, on hydrogenation, the double bond can be regenerated in its original position. Analogous reactions are known to occur in the 8:14-epoxides.     

"Decoking" of a "coked" zeolite catalyst in a glow discharge

'Decoking' of a 'coked' zeolite catalyst in a glow discharge in oxygen is investigated. The 'decoking' process involves reactions of atomic oxygen (O atoms) with 'coke' and yields gases such as CO, CO₂ as well as other gaseous products that could be easily pumped out.Three different modes of discharge were investigated including a static mode, a flowing-gas mode, and a periodic-purge mode where the oxygen and other gaseous products of the discharge were replaced by fresh O₂ gas after short but regular intervals of time. In some cases, additional heating was also used to provide base temperatures of the order of 100 °C to facilitate penetration of oxygen atoms into the inner layers and cages of the zeolite catalyst.This paper presents some results of spectroscopic analytical techniques used to monitor the atomization of oxygen, oxidation of 'coke', and to confirm the process of 'decoking'. More specifically, radiation emission on the 3 s ⁵S– 3p ⁵P transitions of O around 777.2–777.5 nm were selected for monitoring the atomization of O₂. On the other hand, X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to determine the amount of residual carbon and extent of 'decoking'. Furthermore, evolution of CO and CO₂ gases as a function of time was systematically monitored in real time. For CO, the 451.1 nm band head belonging to the B¹ - A¹ bands of the Angstrom system of the CO spectrum was used, while for CO₂, the band head at 353.4 nm belonging to the CO₂⁺ spectrum was used. The rates of evolution of CO and CO₂ were related to the rate of 'decoking' of the catalyst. It is noted that in the periodic-purge mode, about 63% of the total yield of CO from a given sample of the catalyst appears in the first 3-min exposure to discharge whereas it takes up to 15 min to remove nearly 94% of the removable carbon under our experimental conditions.     

营养化学课程翻转课堂的探索与实践

With its tailored learning content, flexible learning environment and directed teacher guidance, the flipped classroom in "nutrition chemistry" has effectively solved the problems of students' specialty, large number and limited time in the course of elective course. The teaching mode based on the cultivation of students' ability and the core of improving scientific literacy was constructed.     

Making "wheels" and "cubes" from triangles

[Mn(IV)Mn(II)3] triangular units directed by the presence of tripodal alcohols self-assemble in the presence of azide and acetate ligands to form either a [Mn24] "wheel" or a [Mn32] "cube".     

"Turn-on" fluorescent sensing with "reactive" probes

Chemical probes are valuable tools for the investigation of biochemical processes, diagnosis of disease markers, detection of hazardous compounds, and other purposes. Therefore, the development of chemical probes continues to grow through various approaches with different disciplines and design strategies. Fluorescent probes have received much attention because they are sensitive and easy-to-operate, in general. To realize desired selectivity toward a given analyte, the recognition site of a fluorescent probe is designed in such a way to maximize the binding interactions, usually through weak molecular forces such as hydrogen bonding, toward the analyte over other competing ones. In addition to such a supramolecular approach, the development of fluorescent probes that sense analytes through chemical reactions has witnessed its usefulness for achieving high selectivity, in many cases, superior to that obtainable by the supramolecular approach. Creative incorporations of the reactive groups to latent fluorophores have provided novel chemical probes for various analytes. In this feature article, we overview the recent progress in the development of turn-on fluorescent probes that are operating through chemical reactions triggered by target analytes. Various chemical reactions have been implemented in the development of many reactive probes with very high selectivity and sensitivity toward target analytes. A major emphasis has been focused on the type of chemical reactions utilized, with the hope that further explorations can be made with new chemical reactions to develop reactive probes useful for various applications.     

原子量之"变"

原子量是最为基础的科学概念之一,"国际纯粹与应用化学联合会(IUPAC)"之"同位素丰度和原子量委员会(CIAAW)"每两年会修订并发布一次原子量。自2009年起,IUPAC宣布某些元素的原子量不再是常数,这些元素的标准原子量为区间值。为方便使用,对于这些元素,给出一个合理的单一数值,称为常规原子量。何为标准原子量?何为常规原子量?为何某些元素的原子量出现区间值?依据原子量数值的特性,元素可以分为几大类?本文在介绍最新元素周期表中原子量的特点之后,简述原子量测定、标准确定、概念演变的发展历史,讨论原子量的修订与变化等问题。     

Size evolution study of "molecular" and "atom-in-cluster" polarizabilities of medium-size gold clusters

A study on static polarizabilities for a family of gold clusters (Au(n), n = 6, 12, 20, 34, 54) is presented. For each cluster, a density functional theory perturbation theory calculation was performed to compute the cluster polarizability and the polarizability of each atom in the cluster using Bader's "quantum theory of atoms in molecules" formalism. The cluster polarizability tensor, α(cluster), is expressed as a sum of the atom-in-molecule tensors, α(cluster)=∑(Ω)α(Ω). A strong quadratic correlation (R(2) = 0.98) in the isotropic polarizability of atoms in the cluster and their distance to the cluster center of mass was observed. The cluster polarizabilities are in agreement with previous calculations.