研究材料动态本构特性中的重要作用

在材料动态本构关系的研究中，不论是由波传播信息反求材料本构关系，即所谓解第二类反问题，还是利用应力波效应和应变率效应解耦的方法（如SHPB技术），应力波传播实际上都起着关键作用。在一般性讨论的基础上，就SHPB试验技术分析了应力波传播如何影响材料动态本构特性的有效确定。对于应力/应变沿试件长度均匀分布假定以及一维应力波假定，着重进行了分析。     

反射型云纹法在岩石爆破机理研究中的应用

利用反射型动态云纹实验方法，对爆炸载荷作用下岩石平板试件中应力波传播及裂纹动态扩展进行研究，给出了高速转镜相机记录到的岩石平板爆炸加载实验时的动态云纹图。根据动态云纹图分析了炸药爆炸产生的应变场，并对裂纹的形成及其扩展速度的变化趋势进行了讨论。     

对压力容器部件构形优化方法的探讨

本文探讨了压力容器部件的构形优化方法.文中采用有限元进行结构分析,以解析方式计算应力梯度,应用 RQP 方法求解非线性规划.针对结构中存在多个应力水平相近的区域的情形,提出了应力梯度迭加方案以求改善收敛性.     

应用脉冲全息法研究爆炸引起的地表振动

本文介绍了应用于爆炸应力波研究的脉冲激光全息实验方法:记录了三维模型中爆炸应力波引起的表面位移的全息干涉图:经对干涉条纹图的分析和计算.发现小药量爆炸引起的表面振动随药包埋深的增加而减弱。     

中心穿透裂纹有限板的一个基本解

本文研究了边界配位法的收敛条件.选型的应力函数,用基于平方逼近理论的边界配位法,计算了图1所示有限板裂纹端的应力强度因子.讨论了近似解相对于准确解的精确度和上述收敛条件的可靠性. 1.图1(a)所示平板裂纹端的应力强度因子中心裂纹有限板几何和受载如图1(a)所示,裂纹长度为2a,该问题可视为图1(b)和(c)的迭加,有     

复合材料的裂纹动力学问题的模型

复合材料产生裂纹后，其纤维处形成“桥连”，这是一个不可避免的现象。由于桥连问题很复杂，在数学方法的处理上有很大困难，至今人们研究的大多是桥连的静力学问题，而对其动力学问题研究得很少。只有建立复合材料的桥连动力学模型，才能更好地研究复合材料的断裂动力学问题。为了便于分析复合材料的问题，将桥连处用载荷代替，当裂纹高速扩展时，其纤维也连续地断裂。通过复变函数论的方法，将所讨论的问题转化为Riemann-Hilbet问题。利用建立的动态模型和自相似方法，得到了正交异性体中扩展裂纹受运动的集中力Px/t及均布载荷作用下位移、应力和动态应力强度因子的解析解，并通过迭加原理，最终求得了该模型的解。     

非均质变截面杆中弹性波的反射和透射

基于一维弹性波理论，本文对应力波在非均质变截面杆中传播问题进行了一维简单波分析，并把分析结果与二维轴对称有限元分析结果进行了比较，表明一维简单波分析是非常有效和实用的。利用一维简单波分析方法，本文还揭示了应力波在非均质变截面杆中的传播规律，特别对含有内部交界面的非均质变截面杆（带有连接段）进行了一维等效简化分析，研究了连接段对应力波传播的影响。     

基于Starfield迭加法的条形药包爆炸应力场分析

在分析条形药包的现有理论研究方法与实验成果的基础上,认为爆轰波沿装药方向传播的时间效应是影响条形药包爆炸应力场特征的主要因素。综合Starfield迭加法与动力有限元法,提出了基于Starfield迭加原理的条形药包爆炸应力场数值分析模型,全面分析了不同起爆方式下条形药包爆炸应力场发展及形成规律,结论对实际工程具有一定指导意义。     

集中载荷作用下各向异性平面内的椭圆孔或裂纹问题

应用复变函数Cauchy积分的方法,对含有椭圆孔或裂纹的各向异性平面,系统地导出了当其在面内受任意集中载荷作用时的复应力函数解或裂纹应力强度因子解析解,即基本解;并通过基本解的迭加,得到了在椭圆孔周或裂纹表面作用一般外载时的解,其特例证实了上述解的正确性。     

锚固洞室中不同方向爆炸应力波传播规律及裂纹形成机理研究

基于抗爆模型试验结果,利用数值分析软件研究锚固洞室中不同方向爆炸应力波传播规律及裂纹形成机理。通过分析锚固洞室爆炸压应力时程曲线规律,发现压应力时程曲线特征符合应力波的一般传播作用规律,这说明数值分析的结果比较合理。集中装药爆炸后,应力波以球面向四周扩散传播,随着时间推移,快速衰减。当应力波向上传播到地表时,会在地表附近发生多次“层裂”形成大面积裂纹,爆源从拱顶至侧墙,地表面附近受拉破坏越来越轻,其中直墙侧爆不发生受拉破坏;当应力波向下传播至地下洞室时,由于反射拉伸,会在锚固区及其末端发生“层裂”。随着应力波继续传播,经由上地表反射的拉伸波会与由洞室表面反射的拉伸波发生相遇,形成加载波,一旦加载波的强度大于围岩的动态抗拉强度,会在相应的位置形成裂纹。     

Transient stresses in axisymmetric bodies of varying area

The purpose of this paper is to report on an experimental and theoretical investigation of one-dimensional stress-wave propagation in axisymmetric bodies of varying area. An experimental investigation of elastic waves produced by the axial collision of strikers with truncated 7075 aluminum cones and conical shells with a half angle of 5 deg was performed using an air gun. Strain distributions along the 5-deg conical specimens were obtained by strain gages mounted on the specimen. The method of characteristics was utilized in the theoretical analysis of the propagation of elastic stress waves. Procedures of numerical integration along the characteristic directions are established and carried out for all the experimentally tested cases on a digital computer. Good agreement between the data and the results of calculations based on the analysis was obtained.     

An electromagnetic,plane stress-wave generator

This paper describes a unique device that has been developed for the transient loading of models along straight and curved boundaries and that operates by discharge of a high-energy, high-voltage capacitor bank. In its present configuration, this device can generate uniform pressures from 1500 psi (10 MPa) to pressures that approach 100,000 psi (690 MPa) and that rise from zero to maximum pressure in 2 μs and decay to approximately zero in another 2 μs. The transient stress-wave patterns in photoelastic models loaded with this device have been recorded by a dynamic polariscope. The dynamic polariscope presently in use is identical to a static polariscope except that the light source is of a short enough duration (½ μs) to photographically stop the movement of the photoelastic-fringe patterns caused by the stress wave. With the stress-wave generator and the dynamic polariscope, transient photoelastic patterns have been recorded in a number of models. These patterns indicate that the scatter from duplicate shots performed with this technique is on the order of 3 percent. This represents considerable improvement over the 15-percent scatter normally experienced with sheet-explosive loading techniques. This improvement and the rapid turnaround between shots (approximately 5 min) are distinct advantages this system has over other methods of dynamic loading.     

Impact-tension compression test by using a split-Hopkinson bar

A new impact-tension-compression testing technique based on a one-dimensional elastic-stress-wave theory has been developed. The technique was applied to investigate dynamic response in pure iron. The experimental results of the loading wave agreed well with the theoretical prediction. The stress, strain, and strain rate of a specimen during impact were evaluated with the aid of a stress-wave analysis. A new experimental technique has been developed to investigate the dynamic-hysteresis loop and the dynamic Baushinger effect in materials. It is presently being developed for applications to dynamic-fatigue studies.     

SHPB 实验数据处理的解耦方法

分析了ＳＨＰＢ试验中导致试件早期应力不均匀性的主要因素，指出试件中应力波的波速是与试件材料的应力应变曲线耦合在一起的，提出了考虑应力不均匀性的解耦方法，这种解耦方法具有普遍性，可广泛用于ＳＨＰＢ实验数据处理。     

电子散斑和全息光弹法相结合测量透明材料的应力强度因子K1

全息光弹性中等和线是获得断裂力学中应力强度因子的一种有效方法之一。但用传统的全息光弹性方法获取等和线需暗房，要经过显影定影及再现，而且不能直接数字化使其应用受到限制。本文提出一种将全息光弹性与相移电子散斑干涉（Electric Speckle Pattern Interferometry，简称ESPI）有机结合的方法，不但克服传统全息光弹性的不足，而且使全息光弹性实现了数字化。文中将这一方法成功应用于有预制裂纹的三点弯曲试件上，定量求得其应力强度因子（Stress Intensity Factor，简称SIF）K1，而且实验值和理论值具有相一致的结果。     

A neoteric interferometer for use in holographic photoelasticity

A shortcoming of the conventional holographic interferometer used in photoelasticity is that, for the double-exposure cases, the resulting fringe patterns are a complex combination of conventional isochromatic and isopachic fringes. This paper describes a holographic interferometer that may be used to obtain separate but simultaneous isochromatic- and isopachic-fringe patterns for photoelastic models in states of plane stress. The method requires a model with a partially reflecting front surface. Isopachics, which are proportional to the thickness change, are recorded using holographic interferometry from the transmitted light. The isochromatics are obtained from the transmitted light by conventional means. General equations relating the surface displacement of the specimen to the observed fringe patterns are developed, and examples of static and dynamic loadings are shown.     

Application of holography to photoelasticity

This paper discusses the exploratory application of holography to photoelasticity. It is shown that the two-beam holographic method may be used to record the birefringent pattern of a standard two-dimensional photoelastic specimen. A special type of polariscope is required. A discussion is presented of the various arrangements required to produce isochromatic, isoclinic, isopachic and combined isopachic and isochromatic fringe patterns. The three-dimensional nature of the holograph is utilized to separate the principal stresses by means of oblique incidence. Both normal- and oblique-incidence fringe patterns are recorded on a single hologram. A brief discussion of the extension to the dynamic case is presented.     

Dynamic yield-strength determination at elevated temperatures after nanosecond pulse heating

An experimental method is described that has been used to determine the yield strength of 6061-T6 aluminum after extremely short times at elevated temperature. The method combines electron-beam pulse heating and onedimensional stress-wave loading. A 3.5-MeV pulsed electron-beam source (pulse width of 70 nanoseconds) is used to deposit energy uniformly through the thickness and along a limited region of a slender aluminum rod. An axial compressive stress wave, produced by projectile impact on one end of the rod, propagates into the heated region a few microseconds after energy deposition. The nanosecond electron-beam pulse increases the internal energy of the material before it can expand to equilibrium dimensions at the elevated temperature. Additional time is therefore required for the specimen to equilibrate mechanically through the propagation of radial release waves which originate at the stress-free boundary of the sample. The deformation produced by these radial relief waves is coupled with microstructural changes that also contribute to a reduction in the yield strength of the material at elevated temperature, as well as at room temperature following electron-beam heating.     

An introduction to dynamic photoelasticity

The general area of elastodynamics is divided into four more limited topics including, stress-wave propagation, vibration and impact, fracture propagation and quasi-static transients. The application of dynamic photoelasticity to each topic is discussed. Recording methods used in dynamic photoelasticity which are reviewed include the high-speed framing camera, the Cranz-Schardin system, Q-switched ruby lasers, and a stopaction strobe system. Advantages and disadvantages of each method of recording are covered. Analysis procedures used in interpreting the dynamic isochromatic-fringe patterns are described. Examples are illustrated where separation of the principal stresses is possible and a calibration method for determining the dynamic material-fringe valuef _σ ^* is reviewed. Finally, four applications of dynamic photoelasticity to problems arising in geophysics, fracture mechanics, flaw detection and mining are briefly reviewed to show the versatility of the dynamic photoelastic method are described.     

The principle and application of sticking film moiré internnferometry

This paper presents a new method for obtaining a high-resolution one-dimensional or two-dimensional moiré pattern on a specimen. The technique uses a holographic film that adheres to the specimen. The film is twice exposed by a virtual holographic grating, then it is removed from the specimen, devellped, fixed, bleached, and illuminated. This process produces clearly visible moiré patterns. The method is used to measure elastic modulus values of some materials, deflection and longitudinal displacement of a beam, stress-intensity factors (SIF), crack-opening displacement (COD,J integral, and a dynamic deformation. This paper explains the principles of the method, derives two displacement equations of two-dimensional moiré interferometry, and discusses the reliability, range of application, and measuring precission of the new method.