低活化比制备天然气吸附剂： 活化助剂提高吸附剂性能

以石油焦为原料、KOH为主活化剂,在低活化比m_KOH∶m_C＝2∶1下制备吸附剂,考察了活化助剂KNO₃、NaNO₃、Mg(NO₃)₂、Ni(NO₃)₂和HJ对吸附剂储气性能的影响,对活化助剂提高吸附剂性能的机理进行了分析。结果表明,活化物料中加入适量助剂KNO₃、Mg(NO₃)₂、Ni(NO₃)₂或HJ能显著提高吸附剂性能,HJ与Mg(NO₃)₂、Ni(NO₃)₂协同活化的效果最好。其中,Mg(NO₃)₂、HJ加入量均为10 %（助剂与石油焦质量分数）下制备的吸附剂样品在25℃、3.5MPa下对甲烷质量吸附量达0.143,有效体积释放量达117.1,性能超过活化比m_KOH∶m_C=3∶1、无助剂下制备的吸附剂。     

Ce(Ⅳ)和Th(Ⅳ)的三元配合物

合成了Ce(TPPO)₂(TTA)₂(NO₃)₂(Ⅰ)和Th(TPPO)₂(DBM)(NO₃)₃(Ⅱ)两个三元配合物。通过电导、热谱、吸收光谱的测试,对它们的性质进行了研究。并运用FT-IR的差谱技术研究了三元配合物的配位特性。     

硝酸碳酰肼合钴、镍、铜含能配合物结构和性质的理论研究

对硝酸三碳酰肼合钴([Co(CHZ)₃](NO₃)₂)、硝酸三碳酰肼合镍([Ni(CHZ)₃](NO₃)₂)和硝酸二碳酰肼合铜([Cu(CHZ)₂(NO₃)₂])进行密度泛函理论计算研究, 获得其稳定分子的几何构型、电子结构、红外光谱以及热化学性质. 研究结果表明, 这三种配合物均表现出六配位八面体结构, 而铜配合物中的硝酸根参与了配位. 自然键轨道分析表明, 配体和金属离子之间存在供体-受体相互作用, 致使配位氨基N—H键上的成键轨道电子发生离域, 进而导致氨基N—H键的电子占据数降低、键长增大、键级减小、伸缩振动频率红移, 这与实测红外光谱变化规律很好地吻合. 标题化合物的金属离子均为＋1氧化态, 金属-氮配位键都是共价键, 而Cu—O配位键是离子键. 通过计算求得理论反应热, 预测这些配合物的合成均为放热反应; 由生成热大小推测标题物的稳定性次序为[Ni(CHZ)₃](NO₃)₂＞[Co(CHZ)₃](NO₃)₂＞[Cu(CHZ)₂(NO₃)₂], 与实测热稳定性次序完全吻合.     

基于三联吡啶-4-羧酸的系列配合物的结构多样性和发光性质（英文）

在溶剂热条件下制备了系列新配合物：[Cr₂(tpc)₂(HCOO)₂(OH)₂]·4H₂O (1)、[Ba(tpc)₂(H₂O)₂]_n (2)、[Zn₂(tpc)₂(NO₃)₂]_n (3)、[Pb(Htpc)(NO₃)₂]·2H₂O (4)和[Rh(Htpc)Cl₃]·CH₃OH·H₂O (5)(Htpc=2,2′∶6,2″-三联吡啶-4-羧酸)。X射线单晶衍射分析表明,有机配体呈4种不同的配位方式;配合物1～5通过C—H…O/N氢键和π…π相互作用形成了新颖的超分子网络。研究了这些配合物的发光性能。在365 nm紫外辐射下,晶体2～5分别呈现绿色、蓝色...     

三丁基氧化膦-离子液体体系萃取UO2(NO3)2的机理和选择性

研究了三辛基氧化膦(TOPO)和三丁基氧化膦(TBPO)在离子液体(ILs) 1-烷基-3-甲基咪唑双三氟甲基磺酰亚胺盐(C_nmimNTf₂, n=2, 4, 6, 8)中萃取分离UO₂(NO₃)₂. TOPO-C₂mimNTf₂和TOPO-C₄mimNTf₂体系萃取UO₂(NO₃)₂时会出现三相, 而TBPO萃取UO₂(NO₃)₂的萃合物可以很好地溶解在所有离子液体中. 论文也考察了萃取过程中的萃取剂浓度效应、酸效应、盐效应. 水相加入HNO₃会降低萃取效率. 盐效应证明了萃取是一种阳离子交换机理. 水相中加入NO₃^-能够提高U的萃取, 这说明NO₃^-参与萃取. 选择性研究表明: 除了在高酸度下对Zr 的显著萃取, TBPO-C₄mimNTf₂萃取体系在低酸度下对U呈现较好的选择性; 去除U后, 在低酸度下该体系对三价Nd 仍保持较好的选择性. 通过定量比较离子液体中NO₃^-进入量, 电喷雾质谱(ESI-MS)和紫外光谱表征确定了TBPO-C_nmimNTf₂中萃取机理的差异性. 萃取中存在两种萃合物, 即UO₂(TBPO)₃(NO₃)⁺和UO₂(TBPO)₃²⁺, 其中UO₂(TBPO)₃(NO₃)⁺的比例从C₂mimNTf₂体系到C₈mimNTf₂体系逐渐增加.     

稀土冠醚类配合物的研究(Ⅺ)——硝酸钪、钇与二苯并-24-冠-8的固态配合物的合成及性质

以无水乙腈为反应介质,合成了硝酸钪及硝酸钇与DB24C8的固态配合物,确定其组成为Sc(NO₃)₃·DB24C8·2H₂O和[Y(NO₃)₃]₄·(DB24C8)₃·8H₂O,并对冠醚及其配合物的某些性质进行了对比研究。     

对苯二甲酸根桥联的双铜(Ⅱ)和双锰(Ⅱ)配合物的合成和长程磁交换作用

合成和表征了4种新型配合物[Cu₂(TPHA)(NO₂-Phen)₁](ClO₁)₂·H₂O、[Cu₂(TPHA)(Me-bpy)₁](ClO₁)₂、[Mn₂(TPHA)(NO₂-Phen)₁](ClO₁)₂·2H₂O和[Mn₂(TPHA)(Me-bpy)₁](ClO₁)₂(TPHA:对苯二甲酸根阴离子;NO₂-Phen:5-硝基-1,10-菲绕啉;Me-bpy:4,4'-二甲基-2,2'-联吡啶).测定了配合物的变温磁化率,并求出了交换积分J分别为-5.04、-6.52、-0.68及-0.73cm^-1.     

沉淀方式对微波辐射老化制备CuO/ZnO/Al2O3催化剂性能的影响

采用微波辐射老化沉淀母液的方法,着重考察了沉淀方式对制备的CuO/ZnO/Al₂O₃催化剂及其前驱体的结构和催化性能的影响。实验结果表明,沉淀方式对催化剂的活性和稳定性影响较大,其活性顺序为分步沉淀法二＞并流共沉淀法＞分步沉淀法一＞反加法＞正加法。通过XRD、DTG、H₂-TPR等表征分析表明,先并流沉淀Al(NO₃)₃溶液和Na₂CO₃溶液,再并流沉淀Cu(NO₃)₂-Zn(NO₃)₂混合溶液与剩下的Na₂CO₃溶液,然后微波辐射老化所制备前驱体中含有更多的绿铜锌矿 (Cu,Zn)₅ (CO₃)₂(OH)₆物相,焙烧后形成的CuO-ZnO协同作用强,且CuO分散性好,H₂还原温度较低,催化活性和稳定性也较高。     

La(NO3)3和Pr(NO3)3对高岭石脱羟基动力学的影响

采用热重和微商热重(TG/DTA)综合热分析技术在不同升温速率下研究了掺入La(NO₃)₃和Pr(NO₃)₃的高岭石的热分解过程, 利用Coats-Redfern积分法和Achar微分法对热分析实验数据进行动力学计算, 得到了高岭石脱羟基反应过程中的控制机理函数、 活化能和指前因子等动力学参数; 分析了2种稀土掺入对高岭石脱羟基过程动力学参数的影响, 并用Ozawa法对活化能进行了验证. 结果表明, 未掺稀土和掺入Pr(NO₃)₃的高岭石的脱羟基反应过程均受化学反应模型F₃控制, 反应的活化能分别为307.94和282.86 kJ/mol, 指前因子lnA的值分别为47.8980和44.1718; 掺入La(NO₃)₃的高岭石脱羟基反应过程控制机理函数发生改变, 受化学反应模型F₂控制, 反应活化能为196.02 kJ/mol, 指前因子lnA的值为29.5551. 与未掺稀土的高岭石对比, 掺入Pr(NO₃)₃后活化能和指前因子略有降低; 而掺入La(NO₃)₃后则显著降低, 分别降低了36.34%和38.30%. 采用Ozawa法验证得到的活化能与Coats-Redfern积分法和Achar微分法结果一致.     

Preparation and characterization of a novel single crystal of Th(IV) with cucurbit[6]uril

One new single crystal [Th(NO₃)₂(H₂O)₆](CB₆)(NO₃)2·2H₂O was prepared using Th(NO₃)4·4H₂O and cucurbit[6]uril (CB₆) as reagents in HNO₃ aqueous solution by slow evaporation. The coordination number of Th⁴⁺ is ten. Th⁴⁺ is coordinated with six monodentate water molecules and two symmetric bidentate chelating nitrate ions, while other two nitrate ions act as the counterion anions. CB₆ is a second-sphere ligand which is hydrogen bonded to the water molecules of [Th(NO₃)₂(H₂O)₆]²⁺. Besides, there are also two free water molecules in the crystal system.     

Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine oxide) complexes of the lanthanide nitrates; synthesis, characterisation and crystal structures of [La(Ph3PO)4(NO3)3]·Me2CO and [Lu(Ph3PO)4(NO3)2]NO3

The reaction of Ln(NO₃)₃·6H₂O (Ln=La, Ce, Pr or Nd) with a sixfold excess of Ph₃PO in acetone formed [Ln(Ph₃PO)₄(NO₃)₃]·Me₂CO. The crystal structure of the La complex shows a nine-coordinate metal centre with four phosphine oxides, two bidentate and one monodentate nitrate groups, and PXRD studies show the same structure is present in the other three complexes. In CH₂Cl₂ or Me₂CO solutions, ³¹P NMR studies show that the complexes are essentially completely decomposed into [Ln(Ph₃PO)₃(NO₃)₃] and Ph₃PO. Similar reactions in ethanol gave [Ln(Ph₃PO)₃(NO₃)₃] only. In contrast for Ln=Sm, Eu or Gd, only the [Ln(Ph₃PO)₃(NO₃)₃] are formed from either acetone or ethanol solutions. For the later lanthanides Ln=Tb–Lu, acetone solutions of Ln(NO₃)₃·6H₂O and Ph₃PO gave [Ln(Ph₃PO)₃(NO₃)₃] only, even with a large excess of Ph₃PO, but from cold ethanol [Ln(Ph₃PO)₄(NO₃)₂]NO₃ (Ln=Tb, Ho–Lu) were obtained. The structure of [Lu(Ph₃PO)₄(NO₃)₂]NO₃ shows an eight-coordinate metal centre with four phosphine oxides and two bidentate nitrate groups. In solution in CH₂Cl₂ or Me₂CO the tetrakis-complexes show varying amounts of decomposition into mixtures of [Ln(Ph₃PO)₃(NO₃)₃], [Ln(Ph₃PO)₄(NO₃)₂]NO₃ and Ph₃PO as judged by ³¹P{¹H} NMR spectroscopy. The [Ln(Ph₃PO)₃(NO₃)₃] also partially decompose in solution for Ln=Dy–Lu, forming some tetrakis(phosphine oxide) species.     

Ion size dominated 1D and 2D Salen lanthanide coordination complexes and their luminescence

Lewis acid/base addition between Ln(NO₃)₃ · 6H₂O (Ln = Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb and Lu) and H₂salen [H₂salen = N,N′-ethylenebis(salicylideneimine)] gives rise to an array of coordination polymeric structures. Crystal structural analysis reveals that Salen effectively functions as a bridging ligand in these compounds. The size of the lanthanide ions controls the structures of these Salen lanthanide complexes. Two representative structures with one dimensional and two dimensional topologies, viz. [Pr(H₂salen)(NO₃)₃(CH₃OH)₂]_n (1) and [Ln(H₂salen)_1.5(NO₃)₃]_n [Ln = Pr (2), Nd (3), Sm (4), Eu (5), Tb (6) and Lu (7)] are reported. Luminescent spectra of complexes 4 and 5 exhibit characteristic metal-centered emission lines. However, the characteristic luminescence of the terbium(III) ion is not observed either in solution or in the solid state of complex 6.     

恒温石墨炉中基体对钾和镉的影响

电热原子化原子吸收分析易受基体的干扰,使得准确度的提高受到限制.有关减少和消除这个影响已有报导^[1-6]。Czobik等^[6]人曾指出,为减少和消除基体的干扰,应设计一种具有时间和空间上等热条件的石墨炉。恒温石墨炉有上述的性质,用它作原子化器能消除和减少基体的影响。     

The ternary system H2O–Fe(NO3)3–Co(NO3)2 isotherms 0 and 15 °C

The solid–liquid equilibria of the ternary system H₂O–Fe(NO₃)₃–Co(NO₃)₂ were studied by using a synthetic method based on conductivity measurements.

Two isotherms were established at 0 and 15 °C, and the stable solid phases which appear are the iron nitrate nonahydrate (Fe(NO₃)₃·9H₂O), the iron nitrate hexahydrate (Fe(NO₃)₃·6H₂O), the cobalt nitrate hexahydrate (Co(NO₃)₂·6H₂O) and the cobalt nitrate trihydrate (Co(NO₃)₂·3H₂O).     

Crystal and molecular structures of two europium(III) nitrate complexes with triphenylphosphine oxide

The X-ray structures of the complexes Eu(NO₃)(Ph₃PO)₃(acetone)₂ (A) (Ph₃PO = triphenylphosphine oxide) and Eu(NO₃)₃(Ph₃PO)₂(ethanol) (B) have been solved by the heavy-atom method, by using the three-dimensional Patterson-Fourier synthesis. The crystals are both monoclinic and belong to the space group P2₁/n, with Z = 4. The cell dimensions are: a = 27.825(4) Å, b = 19.422(4) Å, c = 11.238(2) Å, β = 94.9(3)° for A; and a = 22.193(4) Å, b = 10.866(2) Å, c = 17.101(3) Å, β = 105.6(3)° for B. In both complexes the europium(III) ion is ennea-coordinated to three chelate nitrate groups and three oxygens of the Ph₃PO ligands for A and two of the Ph₃PO and one of the ethanol for B. The acetone molecules of A are outside the coordination sphere of the metal and disordered.     

金属氧化物和盐催化剂上尿素与甲醇合成碳酸二甲酯

在高压釜中采用金属氧化物和盐作为催化剂由尿素与甲醇合成碳酸二甲酯。结果表明,含有结晶水的金属盐比无结晶水金属盐和金属氧化物具有更好的催化活性。采用羟基化合物与硝酸锌组成的二元催化剂,其催化活性显著高于单一催化剂;羟基与硝酸锌之间具有协同催化作用。其中,硝酸锌与SiO2组成的二元催化剂活性最高;硝酸锌与SiO2的质量比为2时,DMC收率可达4.5%。     

4-ClCH2COAP-La(NO3)3-H2O和4-ClCH2COAP-LaCl3-H2O三元体系30℃时溶度测定

安替比林及其4位取代衍生物是较强的配位剂,可与不同的稀土盐作用生成组成各不相同的配合物,为了进一步探讨安替比林的衍生物对稀土离子的配位作用,我们研究了以4-一氯乙酰基安替比林(4-ClCH₂COAP)为配体与硝酸镧或氧化镧的三元水盐体系。     

具有新型梯形双金属链的铕羧酸-膦酸配合物的晶体结构及其发光性质研究

采用溶剂热反应,成功合成一例基于羧酸-膦酸配体的铕配位聚合物,[Eu(5-pnc)(H₂O)_0.5]·H₂O(1)。晶体结构分析表明,聚合物1具有三维超分子网络结构,其中二聚体[Eu₂(μ3-O)₂]通过两个O-P-O和两个O-C-O单元构成梯形双金属链,沿着a轴无限延伸,这些梯形双金属链通过有机膦酸配体交联。研究了配位聚合物1的热稳定性、紫外可见光谱和发光性能。     

Formation of a novel “bedspring”-like framework structure by a neodymium nitrate complex with N,N′-butylenebis(2-pyridone)

Reaction of N,N′-butylenebis(2-pyridone) (BBP) with hydrated M(NO₃)₃ salts (M = Y or a lanthanide ion) affords the complexes M₂(BBP)₃(NO₃)₆. Thorium(IV) nitrate and dioxouranium(VI) nitrate give Th₂(BBP)₃(NO₃)₈·0.5Me₂CO and UO₂(BBP)(NO₃)₂, respectively. X-ray diffraction studies on the Nd complex show it to contain arrays of contiguous 66-membered macrocyclic rings arranged so as to form as unusual “bedspring”-like network structure.     

Syntheses and X-ray crystal structures of [Co(η-CO3)(NH3)4](NO3)·0.5H2O and [(NH3)3Co(μ-OH)2(μ-CO3)Co(NH3)3][NO3]2·H2O

[Co(η²-CO₃)(NH₃)₄](NO₃)·0.5H₂O and [(NH₃)₃Co(μ-OH)₂(μ-CO₃)Co(NH₃)₃][NO₃]₂·H₂O were prepared by prolonged aerial oxidation of a solution of Co(NO₃)₂·6H₂O and ammonium carbonate in aqueous ammonia. The formation of these side products highlights the richness of the chemistry of these systems and the possibility of by products if methods are not strictly adhered to. The X-ray crystal structures of [Co(η²-CO₃)(NH₃)₄][NO₃]·0.5H₂O and [(NH₃)₃Co(μ-OH)₂(μ-CO₃)Co(NH₃)₃][NO₃]₂·H₂O reveal a monomeric octahedral cobalt center with η²-bound CO₃²⁻ in the former, while the latter consists of a dimeric array where the two cobalt centers are bridged by two OH⁻ and one μ₂-CO₃²⁻ groups with three terminal NH₃ ligands for each Co center. In both complexes extensive hydrogen bonding interactions are evident.