Effective Hamiltonian for fluid interfaces

Based on a microscopic theory of inhomogeneous fluids we derive a non-Gaussian and nonlocal effetive Hamiltonian of a liquid-vapor interface. A partial resummation of a gradient expansion yields terms proportional to the area as well as to the Gaussian and the square of the mean curvature of the interface. For van der Waals fluids the gradient expansion breaks down and leads to a singularity in the momentum dependent surface tension. The nonlocal Hamiltonian and various approximations thereof are compared quantitatively.     

A new metric for rotating black holes in Gauss-Bonnet gravity

This paper presents a new metric and studies slowly rotating Gauss-Bonnet black holes with a nonvanishing angular momentum in five dimensional anti-de Sitter spaces.Taking the angular momentum parameter a up to second order,the slowly rotating black hole solutions are obtained by working directly in the action.In addition,it also finds that this method is applicable in higher order Lovelock gravity.     

Wobbling geometry in a simple triaxial rotor

The spectroscopic properties and angular momentum geometry of the wobbling motion of a simple triaxial rotor are investigated within the triaxial rotor model. The obtained exact solutions of energy spectra and reduced quadrupole transition probabilities are compared to the approximate analytic solutions from the harmonic approximation formula and Holstein-Primakoff formula. It is found that the low lying wobbling bands can be well described by the analytic formulae. The evolution of the angular momentum geometry as well as the K-distribution with respect to the rotation and the wobbling phonon excitation are studied in detail. It is demonstrated that with the increase of the wobbling phonon number, the triaxial rotor changes its wobbling motions along the axis with the largest moment of inertia to the axis with the smallest moment of inertia. In this process, a specific evolutionary track that can be used to depict the motion of a triaxial rotating nucleus is proposed.     

Angular momentum,magnetic moment,andg-factor in general relativity

The solutions to the Einstein-Maxwell equations for the case of a slowly rotating, massive thin shell with arbitrary charge are investigated. The form of the metric chosen here facilitates a more detailed analysis of the shell's angular momentum, magnetic moment, andg-factor than in earlier work. In addition to confirming earlier results, it is found that, for a charge-to-mass ratio greater than unity there is no upper or lower bound on the valueg may take and that the magnetic moment and net angular momentum of the shell may vanish or change sign (relative to the sense of rotation).     

J-Plane Analysis of the Veneziano Amplitude with Nonlinear Trajectories

The structure of singularities of the Veneziano amplitude in the complex angular momentum plane is studied. The introduction of a nonlinear term in the trajectory essentially changes the properties of the partial amplitude as compared to the case of linear trajectories. In the J-plane, besides simple poles lying on the leading and on the conventional daughter trajectories, additional poles lying on mirage trajectories (situated below the leading trajectory) emerge. In the partial amplitude also non-reggeised poles in the s-plane emerge whose position is independent of the angular momentum. Such are, for example, the ancestors.     

The dynamics of rapidly rotating bodies

The dynamics of rapidly rotating bodies is formulated in a rotationally invariant form in all frames rotating with constant angular velocities relative to each other. This includes the energy, angular momentum, rotational frequency, and moment of inertia. The transformation between these quantities, when expressed in different frames, is then given explicitly and expressed in terms of both the angular momentum and the rotational frequency variables. Comparison with the approximate formula for the Routhian is made, and some consequences of physical interest are drawn.     

氢原子的磁矩--对自旋的讨论之一

利用氢原子的相对论性波动方程计算了氢原子的磁矩。结果表明,现行量子理论中所谓的总磁矩实际上都是由电子的轨道运动产生的,由此提出了所谓的总角动量实际上是相对论性轨道角动量的看法。     

Renormalization-group calculation of the dependence on gravity of the surface tension and bending rigidity of a fluid interface

The surface tension and the bending rigidity of a planar liquid-vapor interface in the presence of vanishing gravity are analyzed using the renormalization group. Based on the density functional theory of inhomogeneous fluids, we show that a term, quartic in the density fluctuations, can be added to the classical capillary-wave model so that a renormalization-group calculation can be performed. By comparing the outcome of such a calculation with rigorous results relating the direct correlation function with surface tension and bending rigidity, we find the scaling dependence of the latter on gravity. The results agree with the expected fact that the interface should become unstable as gravity vanishes.     

Gravitational Acceleration of Spinning Bodies from Lunar Laser Ranging Measurements

The Sun's 1/c ² order gravitational gradient accelerations of Earth and Moon, dependent on the motions of the latter bodies, act upon the system's internal angular momentum. Not only does this gravitational spin-orbit force (which plays an important part in calculating gravity wave signal templates from astrophysical sources) slightly accelerate the Earth-Moon system as a whole, it more robustly perturbs the internal Earth-Moon dynamics with a 5 cm amplitude, synodically oscillating range contribution which is presently measured to 4 cm precision by more than three decades of accumulated lunar laser ranging data.     

Finite motion of massive particles in the Kerr and Schwarzschild fields

In the weakly relativistic limit, an expression is obtained for the damping of quasistationary energy levels in Schwarzschild and Kerr fields due to capture by a collapsar. The strength of the damping in the Schwarzschild field decreases strongly with increasing angular momentum of the particle. If the condition < m_H is satisfied in the case of a rotating black hole, the damping can be replaced by excitation. A particle production process (Hawking process) is considered that leads to the accumulation of particles on quasistationary levels near the black hole. Dynamical equilibrium can be established in the system between the processes of production and capture of particles by the black hole.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 9, 109–114, September, 1978.     

Friction on a Spinning Piece of Matter

In our Universe rotating motion, contrary to translational motion, is defined absolutely. I examine some physical consequences of the existence of absolute rotation. One of them is a resistive torque on a rotating piece of dielectric induced by the scattering of the fluctuations of the QED vacuum. This torque rests on the estimation of the emission of angular momentum by a wave scattered by a rotating dipole. This phenomenon per se could also yield a method for cooling the rotational degrees of freedom of molecules     

Magnetization dynamics due to pure spin currents in magnetic double layers

The magnetization dynamics in magnetic double layers is affected by spin-pump and spin-sink effects. So far, only the spin pumping and its effect on the magnetic damping has been studied. However, due to conservation of angular momentum this spin current also leads to magnetic excitation of the layer dissipating this angular momentum. In this Letter we use time resolved magneto-optic Kerr effect to directly show the excitation due to the pure spin current. In particular, we observe magnetization dynamics due to transfer of angular momentum in magnetic double layers. In contrast to other experiments where a spin polarized charge current is passed through a nanomagnet, the effects discussed in this Letter are based on pure spin currents without net transfer of electric charge.     

Hydrodynamics of Plasma Interaction with an Intense Laser Field

A set of moment relations, which can describe the charged fluids response to an intense pump laser, and a linearization substitution relation, which is more appropriate as compared with the past treatment, are given by theoretical analyses. The relevant equations of state (adiabatic and isothermal), momentum and energy equations are derived self-consistently.The dispersion relations of the electron plasma wave and the ion acoustic wave driven by an intense pump laser field are-obtained. The results show that the frequencies of both the excited electron plasma wave and the excited ion acoustic wave have a great modification in the case of strong pump. The former bears out the theoretical result obtained from Vlasov equation and the later is consistent with experimental observations. It is proved that the zero-frequency component of the laser light wave contribution to the plasma pressure tensor is un-neglected,which implies a greatly change to the wave excitation properties, particularly in the direction of parallel or approximately parallel to the laser field vector.     

The effect of angular-momentum dissipation on fluctuations of excitation functions in heavy-ion collisions

We discuss here the effect of dissipation of relative angular momentum on fluctuations of excitation functions in dissipative heavy-ion collisions. Dissipation and fluctuation of relative angular momentum modify and smooth the time-angle localization of the rotating dinuclear system. The secondary maxima in the energy correlation function of the cross-section shift to smaller values of the energy difference, the shift depending on the relaxation time and the diffusion coefficient for angular-momentum dissipation. The results are illustrated for the collision²⁸Si(E _lab=130 MeV)+⁴⁸Ti.Partly supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation     

Range of applicability of the linear fluid slosh theory for predicting transient lateral slosh and roll stability of tank vehicles

An analytical model is developed to study the transient lateral sloshing in horizontal cylindrical containers assuming inviscid, incompressible and irrotational flows. The model is derived by implementing the linearized free-surface boundary condition and bipolar coordinate transformation, resulting in a truncated system of linear ordinary differential equations, which is numerically solved to determine the fluid velocity potentials followed by the hydrodynamic forces and moment. The model results are compared with those obtained from the multimodal solution. The free-surface elevation and hydrodynamic coefficients are also compared with the reported experimental and analytical data as well as numerical simulations to establish validity of the model. The capability of the model for predicting non-resonant slosh is also evaluated using the critical free-surface amplitude. The model validity is further illustrated by comparing the transient liquid slosh responses of a partially filled tank subject to steady lateral acceleration characterizing a vehicle turning maneuver with those obtained from fully nonlinear CFD simulations and pendulum models. It is shown that the linear slosh model yields more accurate prediction of dynamic slosh than the pendulum models and it is significantly more computationally efficient than the nonlinear CFD model. The slosh model is subsequently applied to roll plane model of a suspended tank vehicle to study the effect of dynamic liquid slosh on steady-turning roll stability limit of the vehicle under constant and variable axle load conditions. The results suggest that the roll moment arising from the dynamic fluid slosh yields considerably lower roll stability limit of the partly-filled tank vehicle compared to that predicted from the widely reported quasi-static fluid slosh model.     

Kinetic instability of twisted ion-acoustic mode with superthermal species of plasma

The electrostatic twisted ion-acoustic waves with finite orbital angular momentum states and associated kinetic instability are investigated in an electron-ion plasma. The plasma consisting of superthermal electrons and ions is modeled by using a non-gyrotropic Kappa distribution function in which the free energy source for wave excitation is provided by the relative directed motion of streaming electrons with respect to the ions. In the frame work of kinetic theory, the Vlasov-Poisson equations are employed to derive the expressions for dispersion relation and Landau damping rate under paraxial approximation. The results are analyzed for threshold condition of wave dispersion and instability growth rate in the presence of helical electric field structure. The relevance of study to the observed situations is also described.     

Slowly rotating black holes in the Hořava–Lifshitz gravity

We investigate slowly rotating black holes in the Ho?ava–Lifshitz (HL) gravity. For Λ _W =0 and λ=1, we find a slowly rotating black hole of the Kehagias–Sfetsos solution in asymptotically flat spacetimes. We discuss their thermodynamic properties by computing mass, temperature, angular momentum, and angular velocity on the horizon.     

Model basis states for photons and "empty waves"

From the perspective of physical realism (PR), a photon is a localized entity that carries energy and momentum, and which is surrounded by a wave packet (anempty wave) that is devoid of observable energy or momentum. In creating quantized PR basis states for a photon wave packet, three requirements must be met:(1) The basis states must each carry the frequency of the wave;(2) They must closely resemble the photon, so that e.g. they scatter in the same manner from an optical mirror;(3) They must have infinitesimal energy, linear momentum, and angular momentum. An essentially zero-energy "empty wave" quantum-a "zeron"-is defined which meets these requirements. It is created as an asymmetric single-particle (or single-antiparticle) excitation of the vacuum state, with the "particle" (or "antiparticle") and its associated "hole" (or "antihole") forming a rotational bound state. The photon is reproduced as a symmetric particle-antiparticle excitation of the vacuum state, with the "particle" and "antiparticle" also forming a rotational bound state. The relativistic transformation problem is discussed. A key point in this development is the deduction of the correct equation of motion for a "hole" state in an external electrostatic field.     

Destroying superfluidity by rotating a Fermi gas at unitarity

We study the effect of the rotation on a harmonically trapped Fermi gas at zero temperature under the assumption that vortices are not formed. We show that at unitarity the rotation produces a phase separation between a nonrotating superfluid (S) core and a rigidly rotating normal (N) gas. The interface between the two phases is characterized by a density discontinuity n(N)/n(S)=0.85, independent of the angular velocity. The depletion of the superfluid and the angular momentum of the rotating configuration are calculated as a function of the angular velocity. The conditions of stability are also discussed and the critical angular velocity for the onset of a spontaneous quadrupole deformation of the interface is evaluated.