纳米Cu(OH)2分解温度对CuO粒度的影响

以CuSO4.5H2O和NaOH为原料,采用沉淀法制备得到Cu(OH)2纤维,再进行Cu(OH)2的分解反应.考察了在不同实验条件下温度对Cu(OH)2热分解过程的影响.结果表明:在反应温度20℃,反应终点pH值为12,搅拌速度为1 200 r.min-1,NaOH溶液的滴加速度为50 mL.min-1的反应条件下,得到的样品为纳米Cu(OH)2纤维,其直径为10~30 nm、长度为1~6μm;在固相纳米Cu(OH)2热分解制备CuO过程中CuO粒径随温度的升高而增大,在温度不超过200℃时CuO的粒径约为20 nm左右;在液相中先沉淀后升温时,产物的形貌为球形,CuO粒径随温度的升高而增大,低于80℃可得到纳米级的CuO.     

碱式硫酸铜与氢氧化铜的相互转化及纯净氢氧化铜的制备条件

通过实验定量研究了Cu4(OH)6SO4与Cu(OH)2相互转化的特点及纯净Cu(OH)2制备的条件。研究结果表明,Cu4(OH)6SO4与Cu(OH)2之间能够相互转化,且转化相对缓慢;提高CuSO4浓度有利于Cu(OH)2向Cu4(OH)6SO4转化,提高NaOH浓度有利于Cu4(OH)6SO4向Cu(OH)2转化;纯净Cu(OH)2的制备方法为CuSO4溶液滴加到NaOH溶液中,且NaOH过量15%以上。     

硫酸铜与氢氧化钠反应生成碱式盐的研究

通过实验定量研究了NaOH溶液与CuSO4溶液反应生成的沉淀物的组成.结果表明,CuSO4与NaOH反应生成的碱式盐只有Cu4(OH)6SO4;当反应物比例n(OH-)/n(Cu2+)≤1.5时,沉淀为Cu4(OH)6SO4,而当2≥n(OH-)/n(Cu2+)> 1.5时,产物为Cu4(OH)6SO4与Cu(OH)2的混合物,比例越大,Cu4(OH)6SO4含量越少,Cu(OH)2含量越多.在NaOH溶液滴加到CuSO4溶液的过程中,Cu(OH)2是由Cu4(OH)6SO4与OH-之间的反应生成的,且反应缓慢.     

关于氢氧化铜与氨水的反应

高中和大学的化学教材上都断言:Cu（OH）2易溶于 NH3·H2O。但实际上这个反应不那么容易进行。有关实验如下:1.混合 CuSO4溶液和 NaOH 溶液得Cu（OH）2沉淀（实际上是碱式硫酸铜）。往含Cu（OH）2的溶液中加过量 NH3·H2O（2mol/dm3）也不易得到如书上所说的澄清的深蓝色溶液。若改用6mol/dm3的 NH3·H2O,仍不易得到澄清的深蓝色溶液。表明加大反应物浓度对这个反应的影响不明显。既然加大反应物浓度无济于事,是否反应物有错?     

苯胺蓝-溴酸钾体系催化分光光度法测定水中痕量亚硝酸盐

在硫酸介质中,亚硝酸盐对溴酸钾氧化苯胺蓝褪色反应有明显的催化作用,据此提出了测定痕量亚硝酸盐催化分光光度方法。优化的试验条件如下:1 1.0mol·L-1硫酸溶液的用量为1.8mL;2 3×10-4 mol·L-1苯胺蓝溶液用量为1.5mL;3 0.02mol·L-1溴酸钾溶液用量为1.1mL;4反应温度为30℃。该方法的线性范围分别为0.01~0.2mg·L-1和0.2~1.0mg·L-1,检出限(3s/k)为4.6×10-6g·L-1。方法用于水样的分析,回收率在96.0%~104%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.6%~2.3%之间。     

喷雾热解法制备球形YAG∶Ce~(3+)荧光粉研究

采用喷雾热解法制备了无团聚的球形YAG∶Ce3+荧光粉。考察了前驱体溶液浓度、载气流速、热解温度对实验结果的影响。当溶液浓度从0.05 mol.L-1增加至0.8 mol.L-1时,所制备的前驱体粒子的平均粒径也从0.60增加至1.50μm,前驱体产量随着前驱体溶液的浓度增加呈现先上升后下降的趋势。提高载气流速可以增加前驱体的产量。当热解温度大于800℃时,得到的粒子呈现实心球体。通过比较喷雾热解法与固相煅烧法所制备的荧光粉,喷雾热解法制备的荧光粉具有发光强度高、形貌好、粒径分布窄等优点。     

松树枝状双金属Ag-Cu颗粒的制备与电活性

利用恒电位电解技术,直接从无支持电解质的AgNO3和Cu(NO3)2混合溶液中,在钛片表面上沉积具有松树枝状结构的双金属Ag-Cu纳米颗粒。SEM图像表明,树枝长度随铜比例的增加而增加;随着电解的不断进行,双金属纳米颗粒直接沉积于树叶顶端,形成花蕊芯状结构。松树枝状结构的形成是Ag+和Cu2+的扩散过程与电迁移过程共同作用的结果。研究了肼在这种双金属Ag-Cu纳米颗粒上的循环伏安特性,结果表明,肼在这种以钛为基体的树枝状双金属Ag79Cu21,Ag71Cu29和Ag54Cu46纳米电极表面上的吸附为多层吸附,由此建立超低浓度肼的电化学检测法,在1mol·L-1NaOH溶液中的检测下限分别为0.0941、0.0369和0.264μmol·L-1。     

在 Pt/TiO2上光催化降解污水中的对氟苯甲酸

在Pt/TiO2存在下,研究了光催化降解对氟苯甲酸的反应.考察了反应时间、溶液初始pH值以及污染物初始浓度对光催化反应的影响.结果表明,溶液的紫外吸光度值随反应时间不断下降;反应7 h时,溶液的TOC去除率达23.2%;反应0.5～2 h内,氟离子平均生成速率为3.53×10-5mol.L-1.h-1;在反应3～7 h内,氟离子平均生成速率为6.22×10-5mol.L-1.h-1.在溶液初始pH值=3.34～3.72时,氟离子生成速率最大,在碱性范围内,氟离子的生成速率为零.当C0(p-fluorobenzoic acid)<1.80×10-3mol.L-1时,光催化降解生成氟离子的速率随着对氟苯甲酸浓度的增大而增大;当C0(p-fluorobenzoic acid)>2.00×10-3mol.L-1时,光催化降解生成氟离子的速率不再随污染物浓度的变化而发生变化.探讨了可能的反应机理.     

CdS量子点-高锰酸钾-鲁米诺化学发光体系测定对乙酰氨基酚

基于对乙酰氨基酚在碱性介质下对CdS量子点-高锰酸钾-鲁米诺化学发光体系强烈的抑制作用,建立了对乙酰氨基酚的流动注射化学发光测定方法。通过正交试验优化的测试条件为:5.0×10-3 mol·L-1 NaOH、1.0×10-5 mol·L-1 KMnO4、6.0×10-4 mol·L-1CdS量子点、5.0×10-4 mol·L-1鲁米诺、样品(标准品或水)的体积比为1∶1∶4∶2∶1;方法对对乙酰氨基酚的线性范围为1.0×10-8~1.0×10-4 mol·L-1,相关系数R为0.9991,检出限为6.0×10-10 mol·L-1;对1.0×10-6 mol·L-1的对乙酰氨基酚溶液平行测定11次,其相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.6%。该方法可应用于药物中对乙酰氨基酚含量的测定。     

二次微分简易示波伏安法测定酚磺乙胺

在0.2mol·L-1NaOH底液中,酚磺乙胺的氧化产物能够在示波图阴极支-0.3V处产生一个灵敏的切口,在一定的浓度范围内其二次微分简易示波伏安峰峰高随酚磺乙胺浓度的增大而线性增加,可用于酚磺乙胺片和注射液酚磺乙胺含量的测定.线性范围1.5×10-5～3.4×10-4mol·L-1,回归方程:h(V)=135.6+3.29×106C(mol·L-1),r=0.9921,检出限:6.0×10-6mol·L-1.对3.0×10-5mol·L-1酚磺乙胺5次测定的RSD为2.1%.与高效液相色谱及其他方法相比,本方法具有仪器简单、简便快速、无需通氮除氧等特点.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.