浸入式可见/近红外光谱的雨生红球藻叶绿素含量研究

探讨了采用浸入式可见/近红外光谱技术对雨生红球藻叶绿素含量快速检测的可行性。通过选择最优的预处理方法,比较全波段偏最小二乘回归(PLS)建模和连续投影算法(SPA)提取特征波长后PLS建模的结果,选出最优模型。SPA-PLS模型对叶绿素a与叶绿素b含量预测效果均优于全波段PLS模型,叶绿素a,b的RPD值分别达到2.946 1和1.902 3。表明,光谱在预处理后结合建模算法能够实现叶绿素a,b含量较好的预测,叶绿素a的预测效果要好于叶绿素b。     

利用吸收光谱确定叶绿素a和b的颜色

叶绿素a和b在植物生长过程中起着至关重要的作用,精确测定其含量,可为农作物生长状况、植物病理诊断等提供科学依据,是实施精准农业的关键所在。文章将前人已经给出的叶绿素a和叶绿素b的吸收光谱实验数据,转换为透过光谱。用人眼观察其透过光谱,显然就形成叶绿素a和b的颜色。于是,根据色度学的三基色原理,选择具有确定光谱功率分布的标准光源作为照明光源,确定了它们在CIE1931-色品图中的色度坐标：叶绿素a为(0.198 1,0.334 1), 落在蓝绿色区域内;叶绿素b为(0.270 4,0.566 3),落在黄绿色区域内。上述处理的要点是：将叶绿素a和叶绿素b的光谱曲线压缩成色度图上的坐标点,其结果将为发展植物单叶或群体的非接触式、远距离、无损伤测定植物色素含量的新技术提供必要的理论支持。     

高叶绿素水体荧光峰位置变化响应关系研究

水体反射光谱红光区荧光峰是叶绿素特有的光谱特征,研究其位置变化与叶绿素的响应关系有助于内陆水体叶绿素含量的定量反演。通过2004～2006年13次长春南湖水体反射光谱和水质参数实测数据,分析了不同光谱分辨率下荧光峰位置变化与叶绿素a含量的响应关系,结果表明,两者呈现指数函数关系,即Peak position=a(Chl-a)b,不同光谱分辨率下,a在686.11～686.29,b在0.006 2～0.006 5间变化,且光谱分辨率越高,响应关系越好;荧光峰平均波长位置与叶绿素平均含量高度相关(R2>0.81),荧光峰位置变化适合用于反演叶绿素含量分布较为均匀的水体。这为今后利用成像光谱仪监测内陆水体叶绿素含量提供了实验和工作基础。     

MPT-AES同时测定航空润滑油中的铝、镁和铜

微波等离子体炬原子发射光谱法 (MPT- AES)测定未使用过的航空润滑油中铝、镁和铜含量。研究了微波功率、载气流量、工作气流量、氧屏蔽气流量、酸效应、共存离子等对元素发射强度的影响 ,优化了系统参数。铝、镁和铜的检出限分别为 15 .1ng/ m L、0 .2 8ng/ m L、2 .1ng/ m L,线性范围分别为 0 .0 5—80μg/ m L、0 .0 0 1— 5 0μg/ m L、0 .0 1— 12μg/ m L ,相对标准偏差均小于 3.7% ,回收率在 95 .6 %— 10 5 .3%之间。方法准确、快速、操作简便、维持费用低。     

脱镁叶绿酸-a甲酯的合成及对牛血清白蛋白的结合作用

用荧光光谱和UV-Vis光谱研究了脱镁叶绿酸-a甲酯(Methyl pheo-phorbide-a)与牛血清白蛋白(Bovine Serium Albumin,BSA)的相互结合反应。实验表明叶绿酸-a甲酯与牛血清白蛋白的相互结合作用为单一的静态猝灭过程。在水溶液中脱镁叶绿酸-a甲酯发生自聚,它与蛋白质以表观摩尔比2∶1牢固结合,其结合常数K_B=6.7×104 L·mol-1。而在四氢呋喃与水的混合溶液中脱镁叶绿酸-a甲酯以单分子状存在, 其与BSA的结合摩尔比为1∶1。BSA分子与叶绿酸-a甲酯的结合点位为1。根据Frster非辐射能量转移机理,求算了给体(BSA)与受体(脱镁叶绿酸-a甲酯)间距离r=3.50 nm和能量转移效率E=0.39。     

铜胁迫下玉米叶片反射光谱的红边位置变化及其与叶绿素的关系

采用5级梯度铜胁迫砂培试验,通过测定叶片反射光谱曲线和叶绿素含量,研究铜胁迫对玉米叶片反射光谱与叶绿素含量的影响。研究表明：玉米叶片反射光谱的红边位置与铜胁迫浓度显著相关(R2≥0.5755),且存在明显的“红边蓝移”现象,即叶片光谱红边位置向短波方向移动。随着铜胁迫浓度的升高或胁迫时间延长,红边蓝移程度增加。不同胁迫浓度之间,叶绿素a、叶绿素b含量及二者比值 (Chla/Chlb)均差异显著(p分别为0.002,0.007和0.001)。叶绿素a、b比值(Chla/Chlb)与培养液中铜浓度呈显著负相关(R=-0.898);Chla/Chlb与平均红边波长显著正相关(R=0.814)。这表明随着铜胁迫浓度升高,Chla/Chlb降低,叶绿素b相对于叶绿素a升高,叶片反射光谱的红边位置蓝移。铜胁迫改变了玉米叶片中Chla和Chlb含量和比值,由此导致的色素吸收光谱变化,是铜胁迫导致叶片反射光谱红边蓝移的可能的生理学成因。     

基于小波变换的叶绿素荧光光谱测量系统研究

介绍一种基于小波变换的测量海藻中叶绿素a/b的全光纤荧光光谱在线测量系统.根据小波变换具有将频率按大小分解的特性,本系统将其与荧光法、光纤技术相结合用于含叶绿素a/b的藻类荧光光谱的测量、平滑和重叠荧光峰的解析.该系统具有小型化、结构简单、探头无源、所得光谱变形小、多参数同时测量等特点.实验证明,该测量方法是完全可行的.     

叶绿素a锰（Ⅲ）和叶绿素a锰（Ⅱ）的合成和光谱

叶绿素ａ锰（Ⅲ）（Ｍｎ（Ⅲ）－Ｃｈｌ－ａ）由脱镁叶绿素（Ｐｈｅｏ－ａ）和醋酸锰（Ⅱ）合成而得，用反相高效液相色谱法分离纯化，叶绿素ａ锰（Ⅱ）（Ｍｎ（Ⅱ）－Ｃｈｌ－ａ）用Ｎａ２Ｓ２Ｏ４还原时绿素ａ锰（Ⅲ）获得，研究了它们的元素分析（ＥＡ），紫外可见吸附光谱（ＵＶ－Ｖｉｓ）和傅里叶红外吸收光谱（ＦＴ－ＩＲ）证明了此二种配合物的合成，并给出了（Ｍｎ（Ⅲ）－Ｃｈｌ－ａ）与（Ｍｎ（Ⅱ）－Ｃｈｌ－ａ）的组成分     

基于卷积神经网络的全球海洋叶绿素a浓度反演方法

作为浮游植物体内主要色素的叶绿素a能够指示水体富营养化的程度,因此准确地获取与预测叶绿素a浓度可为保护海洋环境提供依据。以中分辨率成像光谱仪获取的遥感影像作为数据源,将同一水域的叶绿素a浓度图像作为相对真值,采用卷积神经网络建立遥感反射率与叶绿素a浓度之间的关系模型,进而实现对海洋叶绿素a浓度的反演。首先,对2020年全球海洋反射率数据(波段组合为412, 469, 488, 547和667 nm)和叶绿素a浓度数据进行倍数放大、对数变换等预处理。其次,从中截取2020年1月太平洋与印度洋交界处的水域影像作为数据集,并将其划分为训练集和验证集,构建与训练海洋叶绿素a浓度的卷积神经网络反演模型,以决定系数(R²)、均方根误差(RMSE)和平均绝对误差(MAE)作为评价指标,优化反演模型。最后,使用2020年1月—12月的叶绿素a浓度数据作为测试集,验证模型的反演精度。结果表明,构建的反演模型R²=0.930, RMSE=0.132, MAE=0.103,证明模型给出的叶绿素a浓度的反演结果与真值具有较高的一致性,能够应用于基于遥感影像进行全球海...     

在吡啶溶液中细菌叶绿素a分子S3-S1转换过程的实时观测

采用飞秒荧光亏蚀技术研究细菌叶绿素a在吡啶溶液中的内转换过程 .我们用 40 0和 80 0nm飞秒光作为泵浦与探测光 .该研究给出了细菌叶绿素a分子的S3 S1转换过程的实时观测 ,同时观测到随后的两个弛豫过程 .细菌叶绿素a在吡啶溶液中的内转换时间为 2 2 6fs .     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Research on beamforming method for dual-line array with space mismatch between the two line arrays

The performance of port/starboard discrimination of dual-line array will be seriously degraded when the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. The directivity function of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is deduced and the port/starboard discrimination of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is also studied both under the ideal status and the status under which the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. Analysis results show the delay-subtract beamforming has better performance of port/starboard discrimination. At last, the sea trial results demonstrate the theoretical results.     

Retrieval of ultraviolet skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities from balloon-borne limb spectrometer

With a novel light-weight and absolutely calibrated ultraviolet （UV） spectrometer, UV skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities are measured by balloon-borne limb measurements in Xinjiang area, China. UV skylight radiances measured at the height of 31 km are compared with the results from Modtran in the wavelength range from 290 to 420 nm. O3 slant column densities are derived from radiance spectra in the Huggins bands （320 - 335 nm） using differential optical absorption spectroscopy method. And the parameter exhibits a good correlation with the same value simulated by radiative transfer model （Tracy）. The O3 profile simultaneously measured by an O3 sonde is used as input in Tracy calculations. The O3 sonde is launched on the same balloon.     

Design optimization of highly sensitive LSPR enhanced surface plasmon resonance biosensors with nanoholes

For breaking through the sensitivity limitation of conventional surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors, novel highly sensitive SPR biosensors with Au nanoparticles and nanogratings enhancement have been proposed recently.But in practice, these structures have obvious disadvantages.In this study, a nanohole based sensitivity enhancement SPR biosensor is proposed and the influence of different structural parameters on the performance is investigated by using rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA).Electromagnetic field distributions around the nanohole are also given out to directly explain the performance difference for various structural parameters.The results indicate that significant sensitivity increase is associated with localized surface plasmons (LSPs) excitation mediated by nanoholes.Except to outcome the weakness of other LSP based biosensors, larger resonance angle shift, reflectance amplitude, and sharper SPR curves' width are obtained simultaneously under optimized structural parameters.     

Polymer gratings based on photopolymerization for low-order distributed feedback polymer lasers

Novel polymer distributed feedback(DFB)gratings are fabricated based on photopolymerization to reduce lasing threshold of polymer lasers.A photopolymer formulation sensitive to 355-nm ultraviolet(UV)light is proposed for the fabrication of polymer gratings and it can be used to form polymer films by spin-coating process.A very low surface-relief depth ranging from 12.5 to about 1.0 nm has been demonstrated with a refractive-index modulation of about 0.012.The experimental results indicate that such polymer gratings have promising potentials for the fabrication of low-order DFB organic semiconductor lasers.