高分子对酶、抗体、DNA的修饰、固定化及其生物医学应用

为发展适于生物医用的生物功能高分子材料,本实验室近年来研究了可溶性高分子对L-天冬酰胺酶的修饰、纳米磁性高分子微粒对酶或抗体的固定化、亚微米高分子微球固定化碱性磷酸酶及其在DNA检测中的应用、高分子微球固定化酶的合成与性能、酶在导电高分子膜上的固定化及生物传感器制备等. 本文对此进行简要总结.     

高分子对酶,抗体DNA的修饰,固定化及其生物医学应用

为发展适于生物医用的生物功能高分子材料，本实验室近年来研究了可溶性高分子对Ｌ－天冬酰胺酶的修饰，纳米磁性高分子微粒对酶或抗体的固定化，亚微米高分子微球固定化碱性磷酸酶及其在ＤＮＡ检测中的应用，高分子微球固定化酶的合成与性能，酶在导电高分子膜上的固定化及生物传感器制备等，本文对此进行简要总结。     

生物电化学传感器中煌聚合物材料

对聚合物材料在生物电化学传顺中的应用进行了评述,包括高分子媒介体化合物、高分子阻挡膜、酶固定化材料和电解聚合物材料。并指出今后提高生物电化学传感器性能、改善和改变其表面特性,也依赖于聚合物材料的应用。     

醋酸纤维素膜固定化脲酶的研究

酶固定膜反应器兼具有反应和分离两种功能,是酶工程领域中较活跃的研究课题.随着酶固定化技术和水平的提高,各种固定化酶生物反应器不断涌现,其中以采用固定化脲酶技术制作的人工肾最为成功.     

微囊化技术在生物医学中的应用

本文概述了微囊固定化技术基本应用原理,微囊人工细胞的一般制备方法,各种膜材料的生物、血液相溶性及通透性能.对人工细胞固定化活性碳、树脂、酶及固定化免疫吸附剂、肝细胞在治疗肾衰、肝衰及清除人体内中毒药物、免疫活性物质方面的动物及临床实验和应用,作了一般性介绍.并阐述了固定化技术在临床分析方面的应用.     

聚乙烯－葡萄糖氧化酶膜的制备和性能研究

聚乙烯－葡萄糖氧化酶膜的制备和性能研究朱如瑾，殷弘浩，刘永盛，黄家湛（成都高分子材料国家重点实验室成都科技大学高分子研究所成都６１００６５）关键词聚乙烯，等离子体，固定化酶，葡萄糖氧化酶固定化酶是６０年代发展起来的生物工程技术Ｉ‘］．酶的固定化方法主...     

聚乙烯－葡萄糖氧化酶膜的制备和性能研究

聚乙烯－葡萄糖氧化酶膜的制备和性能研究朱如瑾，殷弘浩，刘永盛，黄家湛（成都高分子材料国家重点实验室成都科技大学高分子研究所成都６１００６５）关键词聚乙烯，等离子体，固定化酶，葡萄糖氧化酶固定化酶是６０年代发展起来的生物工程技术Ｉ‘］．酶的固定化方法主...     

高分子分离膜表面的糖基化

高分子分离膜表面的糖基化立足于仿生膜表面的构建，通过多种方法在膜材料表面引入糖基，将膜的分离性能与糖的生物功能相结合，形成具有复合功能的统一体．本文分别从糖基化方法和糖基化膜材料的应用两方面对高分子分离膜表面糖基化工程的研究现状和进展进行了总结．     

生物医用功能高分子专辑 前言

正生物医用功能高分子材料广泛用于疾病诊断与治疗、组织器官再生和功能替代、生物体免疫调控、生物安全控制等方面。生物医用功能高分子材料隶属于医疗器械产业。国务院印发的《中国制造2025》明确指出,要大力发展生物医药及高性能医疗器械。随着大健康时代的来临,生物医用功能高分子及产品转化迎来了新的发展机遇,目前该领域的科技产出和人才培养正在逐步提升。基于面向国家发展大健康产业和转变经济发展方式对生物医用高分子材料的重大战略需求,为了展示我国生物医用功能高分子的最新进展,并对其发展前景和趋势进行预测,《功能高分子学报》组织出版了生物医用功能高分子专辑,邀请了国内专注于功能高分子相关生物或医学应用和产品转化的7个研究团队,撰写综述7篇,主要涉及生物医用功能高分子的制备、功能化和表征及其在抗凝血医疗器械、抗氧化体系、药物递送载体、医用膜材料、医用胶黏剂、组织再生支架等领域中的应用。     

荧光小分子在有机薄膜中的固定化及其应用

将荧光小分子化学固定于基质表面是实现表面功能化的有效途径，是研究固体基质表界面性质的有效方法，也为设计制备荧光传感薄膜材料提供了新的思路。本文按高分子膜固定法、LB膜固定法和自组装膜固定法分类综述了荧光小分子在固体基质表面的固定化。讨论了膜表面固定化荧光小分子在表界面性质研究、阳离子和中性分子的化学传感以及表界面电子转移和能量转移研究等方面的应用，并对新的固定化方法进行了展望。     

T-Jump/FTIR技术研究3,4-二硝基呋咱基氧化呋咱快速热裂解

采用温度快速跃迁原位池与快速扫描傅里叶变换红外联用(T-Jump/FTIR)技术在0.1-0.4MPa压强范围内研究了3,4-二硝基呋咱基氧化呋咱(DNTF)的快速热裂解.试验是以1000℃·s-1的升温速率在800和1000℃的温度下进行,用快速扫描傅里叶变换红外光谱实时跟踪分析DNTF裂解的气相产物.结果表明,DNTF快速热裂解的主要产物CO、CO2、NO和NO2的相对摩尔浓度c*与温度和压强有关,通过分析相对摩尔浓度比(c*NO/c*NO2)随温度和压强的变化,揭示了DNTF中碳硝基C—NO2存在均裂生成NO2和异构化生成NO两条竞争分解的可能途径,同时压强可能抑制呋咱环和氧化呋咱环生成NO的可能性.压强升高使c*CO和c*CO2升高,而使c*CO/c*CO2下降,证明DNTF的分解中存在非均相的气相/凝聚相反应和均相的气相产物间反应的二次或三次过程.     

A Simple,Selective and Sensitive Immunoassay for Determination of Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin Based on Chemiluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer

A simple, selective and sensitive immunoassay was developed for the determination of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) based on the chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (CRET). Two kinds of antibodies were used to form a sandwich‐type immunocomplex to ensure the selectivity of immunoassay. Based on the simple magnetic separation, amplification feature of gold nanoparticles and CRET phenomenon, this method could be used for highly sensitive determination of HCG without tedious washing steps. Under the optimized conditions, a linear range was obtained when the concentrations of HCG were changed from 0.15 to 5 mIU mL^?1 (R = 0.992). This immunoassay could be used for the determination of HCG in serum samples, which provided a promising potential in clinical diagnosis.     

Effect of a film layer on mono-divalent bi-ionic membrane potential

The bi-ionic potential generated across a standard cation exchange membrane was investigated in a mono-divalent bi-ionic system. Applying Henderson's theory to the film layer, the Nernst—Planck equation was solved in the film layer as well as in the membrane. The observed potentials were compared with the theoretically predicted values from parameters such as bulk concentrations, diffusion coefficients in the membrane and in solution, exchange capacity, corrected molar selectivity coefficient, and film layer thickness. The calculated potentials were not always in agreement with the experimental values, but reproduced properly the trend of potential change with concentration and stirring rate. The constituent potentials, i.e. the diffusion potentials in the film layer and in the membrane and the interfacial potentials, are also discussed. In the sodium—calcium bi-ionic system, the primary contribution to the total membrane potential was not the diffusion potential in the film layers and in the membrane, but the sum of two interfacial potentials. p]In the case of membrane-diffusion control, the bi-ionic potential was confirmed to follow the equation of Helfferich.     

Indecomposable representations and boson realizations of the nonlinear deformed angular momentum algebra of Witten’s first type

In this paper indecomposable representations and boson realizations of the nonlinear angular momentum algebra $\mathcal{R}_{q,p}^{c_1,c_2,c_3}$ of Witten’s first type are investigated in a purely algebraic manner. Explicit form of the master representation of $\mathcal{R}_{q,p}^{c_1,c_2,c_3}$ on the space of its universal enveloping algebra is given. Then, from this master representation, other indecomposable representations are obtained in explicit form. Various kinds of single-boson, single inverse boson, and double-boson realizations of $\mathcal{R}_{q,p}^{c_1,c_2,c_3}$ are respectively obtained by generalizing the Holstein–Primakoff realization, the Dyson realization, and the Jordan–Schwinger realization of the Lie algebras SU(2) and SU(1,1). For each kind, the unitary realization, the nonunitary realization, and their connection by the corresponding similarity transformation are respectively discussed. Using a kind of double-boson realizations, the irreducible representation of $\mathcal{R}_{q,p}^{c_1,c_2,c_3}$ in the angular momentum basis is given.     

离子型碳氟与碳氢表面活性剂在胶团及吸附层中的分子间相互作用

本工作研究了二元表面活性剂溶液的热力学, 考虑了反离子对表面活性离子在表面相和胶团中的相互作用的影响, 得出计算分子相互作用参数β_m和β_σ的将遍公式(β_m和β_σ分别代表胶团和吸附层中的分子相互作用参数):β_m=ln[((cmc_1)/(cmc_1~0x_(1m)))(c″_1/c′_1)~(K_1)]/x_(2m)~2=ln[((cmc_2)/(cmc_2~0x_(2m)))(c″_2/c′_2)~(K_2)]/x_(1m)~2β_σ=ln[((c_1(π))/(c_1~0(π)x_(1σ)))(c″_1/c′_1)~(K_1)]/x_(2σ)~2=ln[((c_2(π))/(c_2~0(π)x_(2σ)))(c″_2/c′_1)~(K_2)]/x_(1σ)~2作为极限情况, 此式对于非离子型表而活性剂或有过量无机电解质时可简化为:β_m=ln[(cmc_1)/(cmc_1~0x_(1m)]/x_2m~2=ln[(cmc_2)/(cmc_2~0x_(2m)]/x_(1m)~2β_σ=ln[(c_1(π))/(c_1~0(π)x_(1σ)]/x_2σ~2=ln[(c_2(π))/(c_2~0(π)x_(2σ)]/x_(1σ)~2应用公式于各类型碳氟、碳氢表面活性剂二元混合溶液, 包括正离子-负离子、负离子-负离子、负离子-非离子混合体系。自表、界面张力-浓度关系计算各体系的β_m及β_σ。结果表明：(1)碳氟、碳氢正离子-负离子表面活性剂混合体系的β_m及β_σ有很大的负值, 表示有强烈的分子相互作用；(2)碳氟链与碳氢键间存在“互憎性”。这种“互憎性”在负离子-负离子混合体系及非离子-负离子混合体系中皆有明显表现；(3)表面压维持恒定时, 不论表面或溶液内部的表面活性剂的摩尔分数如何变化, β_σ值一般近于常数；(4)表面压越高则分子相互作用越强, 表现为β_σ绝对值变大。     

碱金属硫酸盐-十二烷基硫酸钠-聚乙二醇三元复合体系的束缚胶束特性

采用表面张力、稳态荧光猝灭和荧光分子探针技术研究了部分碱金属(锂、钠、钾)硫酸盐-十二烷基硫酸钠(Sod ium Dodecyl Su lfate SDS)-聚乙二醇(PEG)三元复合体系的聚集特性,发现加入碱金属硫酸盐后SDS仍以束缚胶束(bound m icelle)形式与PEG发生团簇化作用.表面张力实验表明,外加碱金属硫酸盐浓度c_e增加,体系的第一临界浓度c₁渐次降低,而第二临界浓度c₂略有增大,因而形成束缚胶束的浓度区间增宽;比饱和簇集量[Γ_∞]随之增大,如加入50 mmol/L硫酸锂时,[Γ_∞]增大了40%.稳态荧光猝灭实验表明,束缚胶束聚集数N_b随PEG浓度c_p线性减小,却随SDS浓度c线性增大,并呈c_e的单增函数关系;碱金属离子使N_b增大的能力按Li⁺++顺序增加,与碱金属水合离子半径减小的顺序相同.芘分子探针的荧光特性反映了束缚胶束的微环境极性随c和c_e增加而减小,随c_p增加而增大.     

Binding, aggregation and photochemical properties of methylene blue in mitochondrial suspensions

Methylene Blue (MB) has well-established photochemical properties and has been used in a variety of photochemical applications including photodynamic therapy. Despite the fact that most of MB's cytotoxic effects in cells are attributed to mitochondrial damage, the interactions of this dye with mitochondria and the consequent effects on photochemical properties have not yet been fully determined. We monitored MB binding, aggregation and its ability to release singlet oxygen (1O2) on irradiation when interacting with mitochondrial suspensions. MB actively binds to mitochondria and enters the matrix in a manner stimulated by the mitochondrial proton potential and by the increase in mitochondrial concentrations. The greater accumulation of MB in mitochondria with elevated proton potentials or those treated with high concentrations of MB results in the formation of MB dimers, previously shown to be less effective generators of 1O2. Accumulation of MB within mitochondria with high membrane potentials also results in the reduction of MB to the photochemically inactive leuco-MB. Indeed, irradiation of mitochondria with high proton potentials in the presence of MB results in the generation of approximately half the quantity of 1O2 compared with 1O2 generated in mitochondria with low proton potentials. These differences in photochemical properties should influence the cytotoxic effects of photodynamic treatment in the presence of MB.     

漆酚基乳化剂对水包油型生漆乳液流变行为的影响

以漆酚基乳化剂(UE)和聚乙烯醇(PVA)为混合乳化剂制备了水包油(O/W)型生漆乳液(RLE),用RHEOMETER(R/S)对RLE的流变性进行了研究.讨论了UE10浓度(cUE10)、混合乳化剂浓度(cME)、UE的结构对RLE流变性的影响.结果表明,RLE的黏度随着cUE10的增加而增大,用不同cUE10制备的RLE都有剪切变稀的特性,表现出假塑性流体的行为;当cME≤6.7%,RLE表现出假塑性流体的行为,而当cME≥10.0%,RLE则表现出膨胀型流体的特征;用不同UE制备的RLE均表现出假塑性流体的特征,其流变行为符合Herschel-Bulkley模型,随着UE分子中聚氧乙烯链的增长,RLE的黏度增大,RLE粒子间所形成的某种静态空间网状结构强度增强.     

Studies of inorganic precipitate membrane. Part XXX. Membrane selectivity from electrical potential and conductivity measurements

Bi-ionic and multi-ionic potentials across parchment-supported mercuric sulfide membrane with various combinations of 1:1 electrlytes at different concentrations were measured. Membrane conductivity in contact with a single electrolyte was experimentally determined to evaluate selectivity of the membrane with the predetermined values of intramembrane mobility ratio. The selectivity sequence of the membrane was K⁺>Na⁺>Li⁺, which on the basis of the Eisenman–Sherry model of membrane selectivity, points toward the weak field strength of the charge groups attached to the membrane matrix. The permeability ratio of ions within the membrane was also evaluated by use of the equation based on the macroscopic linear laws of nonequilibrium thermodynamics derived by Sandblom and Eisenman. Three different methods of various integrated forms of the Nernst-Plank flux equation were used to derive the potentiometric selectivity constant K_ij^pot of the membrane. These values were close to one another.     

高灵敏度化学发光磁酶免疫法检测人绒毛膜促性腺激素

将磁性微粒与抗体的偶联,通过优化偶联条件提高了偶联效率,制备了高灵敏度的磁微粒生物探针;采用3-(2-螺旋金刚烷)-4-甲氧基-4-(3-邻氧酰苯基)-1,2-二氧杂环丁烷(AMPPD)--碱性磷酸酶(ALP)化学发光体系,建立了化学发光磁酶免疫检测方法;对检测方法进行了优化和改进,提高了系统的灵敏度和检测速度,并对HCG样品进行相关检测.结果表明,HCG浓度在0.15～150 IU/L范围内,光强随HCG浓度增大而增加,两者之间线性关系良好,相关系数r为0.960;检出限可达0.15 IU/L; 相对标准偏差(RSD)小于5%; 检测总时间少于1 h.本方法可以应用于其它免疫分子的检测,在临床免疫检测方面具有广阔的应用前景.