温度响应型HRP纳米胶囊用于酶的高效固定和回收

以辣根过氧化物酶(horseradish peroxidase,HRP)为目标蛋白,N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAM)为单体,采用原位沉淀聚合法,在37℃,NIPAM和HRP质量比为6∶1的条件下,制备了粒径大小为13.7 nm,zeta电位是(-3.7±0.3)mV的温度响应型辣根过氧化物酶纳米胶囊(nHRP).采用基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱仪(MALDI-TOF MS)、透射电镜(TEM)、动态光散射仪(DLS)和紫外-可见光分光光度计(UV-Vis)等对HRP的修饰度,nHRP的微观结构、粒径大小、催化活性、温度响应性能和热稳定性能进行了表征.研究表明,制备的辣根过氧化物酶纳米胶囊单分散性较好;在环境温度高于33℃时,nHRP出现响应变化,其粒径大小变化显著,且呈可逆性;nHRP相比HRP原酶热稳定性显著提高;50℃时,将nHRP高速离心,可使酶多次有效地分离和回收.     

温度敏感性壳聚糖基聚电解质载药纳米粒子的制备及表征

以天然高分子壳聚糖(CS)、羧甲基纤维素(CMC)和温度敏感性单体N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAM)为原料,通过自组装制备了温度敏感性聚电解质复合纳米粒子CS-g-PNIPAM/CMC-g-PNIPAM,并以5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)为模型药物研究了纳米粒子对药物的负载与可控释放性能。当CMC-g-PNIPAM与CS-g-PNIPAM的质量比为3:7时,形成的纳米粒子结构最稳定,动态光散射(DLS)测得其平均粒径为116nm,粒径分布较窄。载药纳米粒子对5-FU具有较高的载药量和包封率。在磷酸盐缓冲溶液中的释药行为表明,其累积药物释放量随pH和温度的增加而增大,表现出良好的pH与温度可控性能。     

水凝胶纳米颗粒对溶菌酶的亲和研究

采用沉淀聚合法,将不同配比的温敏性单体N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAm)、电负性单体丙烯酸(Aac)、疏水性单体N-叔丁基丙烯酰胺(t BAM)和交联剂N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(Bis)共聚,得到一系列聚合物水凝胶纳米颗粒(NPs),改变表面活性剂的用量,得到不同粒径的NPs。通过扫描电镜和动态光散射对NPs形貌和粒径进行表征,并对NPs吸附溶菌酶进行动力学研究。实验结果表明,所得到的NPs呈圆球状、粒径均匀且分布窄。当优化单体比例为Aac 20%,t BAM 40%,NIPAm 38%,Bis 2%时,NPs吸附性能最佳;NPs粒径从386.20 nm减小至77.25 nm,其吸附性能逐渐增大。在优化的条件下制备的水凝胶纳米颗粒,对溶菌酶的吸附在5 min内可以达到平衡,吸附率可以达到68.7%,利用NPs温敏性可实现对溶菌酶的脱附,具有良好重复利用性。     

P(MAA-co-AM)纳米水凝胶的制备与表征

利用单体对之间的氢键特殊相互作用,采用一步反应在水相中共聚甲基丙烯酸(MAA)、丙烯酰胺(AM)和交联剂乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(EGDMA),制备了pH响应性共聚物P(MAAco-AM)纳米水凝胶。采用纳米粒度与电位分析仪、傅里叶红外光谱仪、透射电子显微镜、场发射扫描电镜等对P(MAA-co-AM)纳米水凝胶的尺寸、形貌、组成和结构进行了表征。系统研究了反应参数对P(MAA-co-AM)纳米水凝胶的影响。结果表明:当两单体等物质的量投料时所制备的P(MAA-co-AM)纳米水凝胶粒径分布最窄(〈Dh〉=129nm,PDI=0.095),且其粒径随着两单体用量的增加而增大。随着单体加入时间的延长或EGDMA用量的增加,P(MAA-co-AM)纳米水凝胶的粒径逐渐变小。P(MAA-co-AM)纳米水凝胶表现出极好的pH响应性:当介质的pH从4增加到8时,溶胀比高达7,体积扩张了343倍。     

N-异丙基丙烯酰胺对细乳液聚合制备纳米胶囊形态的影响

将N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAAm)引入小分子烃为模板的苯乙烯细乳液聚合法制备纳米胶囊的体系.水相引发形成的聚异丙基丙烯酰胺(PNIPAAm)低聚物自由基在聚合温度下(大于其最低临界溶解温度)析出并被苯乙烯细乳液液滴吸附,在热力学推动力和静电斥力的共同作用下,PNIPAAm低聚物倾向于分布在液滴和水的界面上,使液滴界面成为主要的聚合场所,单体从液滴内部向界面扩散补充消耗的单体,生成的聚合物在液滴界面上析出,包覆小分子烃液滴,最终得到纳米胶囊.通过透射电镜观察粒子形态和大小;利用接触角测定仪测定了细乳液液滴的表面张力.考察了NIPAAm用量、油溶性单体/小分子烃比例、交联剂用量及乳化剂和引发剂对的种类对胶囊形态的影响.     

新型聚合物单分散温敏色谱固定相的制备及其在生物大分子分离中的应用

以2.5 μm的单分散聚苯乙烯为种子,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯 (EDMA)为交联剂,甲苯和环己醇为致孔剂,采用"一步种子溶胀聚合法"制备了单分散微球; 再以过硫酸钾为引发剂将水溶性温敏单体N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAM)分子引发聚合到微球表面,制备了粒径为7.0 μm、分散系数为0.02的单分散交联温敏色谱填料,温敏单体NIPAM的接枝率为5.2%.考察了该填料对标准蛋白质的分离性能、温敏性能、稳定性和重现性以及动态吸附容量对蛋白保留的影响.实验结果表明,该色谱填料对蛋白的分离性能、温敏性能、稳定性及重现性良好,且对溶菌酶的动态吸附容量为32.3 mg/g.在疏水模式下,该填料不但可以同时基线分离5种标准蛋白,而且通过改变温度可以有效地将3种在低温下保留时间重叠的蛋白(细胞色素-C、β-乳球蛋白和核糖核酸酶)完全分离.     

基于AIE效应的多重刺激响应性聚合物纳米微球的制备及其细胞示踪应用

基于AIE分子和智能响应性聚合物构筑的纳米材料,具有优良的AIE发光性能、环境刺激响应性和生物相容性,已在生命科学领域展现出诱人的应用前景. 本研究通过ATRP活性聚合方法, 以合成的TPE-BIB为引发剂, 引发具有多刺激响应特性的N-[2-(二乙氨基)-乙基]丙烯酰胺单体聚合, 成功制备具有温度/pH/CO₂三重响应性的两亲性聚合物: TPE-g-PDEAEAM, 并自组装形成约200 nm的纳米微球. 研究表明: 这种聚合物纳米粒子具有优良的水溶性、单分散性、稳定性及优异的AIE发光特性. 其相转变温度为60 ℃, 溶液荧光对环境温度、pH及CO₂均表现出快速敏感响应性能. 同时, 该纳米粒子表现出低细胞毒性, 能够有效示踪HeLa细胞增殖至11代以上, 有望作为一种活细胞荧光示踪探针材料.     

单电子转移活性自由基聚合制备温敏型荧光纤维素纳米晶

在混合反应溶剂体系DMF/H2O中,利用表面引发的单电子活性自由基聚合法(SET-LRP)制备了接枝有荧光和温敏性聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)(PNIPAAM)刷的纤维素纳米晶.红外光谱和固体核磁共振13C谱中PNIPAAM特征峰的出现证明了接枝的成功.接枝前后的重量变化和核磁共振1H谱分析表明,随着混合溶剂中水的比例增加,单体转化率和接枝聚合物刷的分子量逐渐增加.热重和示差扫描量热分析显示,随着纤维素纳米晶表面接枝聚合物刷长度的增加,其分解温度和玻璃化转变温度均由低温向高温方向移动,并逐渐接近纯PNIPAAM的相应温度.由于PNIPAAM的温敏性,表面接枝的纤维素纳米晶表现出与染料溶液相反的温致荧光增强性能.     

P(St-NIPAm)核-壳纳米粒子的制备及其光子晶体薄膜

以过硫酸铵为引发剂,固定反应单体物质的量之比,采用一步无皂乳液聚合法,制备粒径不同的聚(苯乙烯-N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)纳米粒子,研究了反应单体用量对纳米粒子粒径的影响;然后利用简单的垂直沉积法,在载玻片上自组装光子晶体薄膜。结果表明:制备的纳米粒子具有较高的单分散性并呈明显的核-壳结构,其粒径与反应单体用量呈线性关系;薄膜中纳米粒子呈面心立方紧密堆积,薄膜厚度约8μm;薄膜光子禁带的实验测量值与理论计算值基本一致,且禁带与纳米粒子粒径呈线性关系;当反应单体的总物质的量分别为20,25,30,35mmol时,自组装成的光子晶体薄膜的颜色分别呈蓝紫、蓝绿、黄绿和橘红色。     

无皂种子分散聚合法制备单分散双重响应性微凝胶

以N-异丙基丙烯酰胺及2-乙烯基吡啶为主要单体, 采用无皂种子分散聚合法制备了单分散的、具有温度及pH双重响应性能的核-壳结构微凝胶, 并以扫描电镜及动态激光光散射等手段对微凝胶粒子的结构和性能进行了研究. 溶胀行为研究表明, 微凝胶粒子具有独立的互不干扰的温度及pH敏感性能, 其体积相变温度与纯聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(PNIPAM)凝胶基本一致, 说明局部分布的弱电离单体不会对PNIPAM凝胶的体积相变温度造成影响.     

Preparation of albumin—PAA nanocapsules and their controlled release behavior for drugs

New kinds of narrowly distributed protein‐based nanoparticles, bovine serum albumin‐Poly (acrylic acid) (BSA/PAA) nanospheres, and nanocapsules were prepared via in situ polymerization, swelling, and re‐aggregation. The structure and morphology of the nanospheres were characterized by UV‐Vis, FT‐IR, DLS, and TEM. The stability of the BSA/PAA nanospheres and nanocapsules was increased when their skeletons were fixed by cross‐linked agents. The nanospheres carried a positive charge and their size was about 80–110 nm. The protein‐based nanocapsules were stimuli‐responsive with pH value and their hydrodynamic diameter varied from 70 to 230 nm with changes of pH. In vitro release experiments of Rhodamine B and Doxorubicin hydrochloride showed that these biopolymer nanoparticles provided a controlled release of the entrapped drugs for 300 hr. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Thermoresponsive oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate colloids with antifouling surface properties

Thermoresponsive polymeric colloids attract great attention in several biotechnological applications owing to their ability to manipulate drug release characteristics in a controlled manner. Majority of these applications utilized N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM)‐based particles for controlled drug release. Despite its advantages, such as easy chemical modification and well‐documented literature, a potentially important bottleneck for NIPAM in biological applications is its tendency for nonspecific protein adsorption. Herein, we report a simple way to prepare novel thermoresponsive colloids composed of oligo(ethylene glycol) side chains via precipitation polymerization technique. In addition to displaying highly reversible thermal response, these particles also have considerably low nonspecific protein adsorption when compared with NIPAM counterparts. These crosslinked poly(ethylene glycol) ethyl ether methacrylate particles were characterized using dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. The effects of co‐monomer, crosslinker and initiator on particle characteristics were investigated. Finally, particle toxicity studies were carried out using 3T3 fibroblast cell lines in MTT cytotoxicity assay. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011     

Preparation of dually, pH- and thermo-responsive nanocapsules in inverse miniemulsion

pH- and thermo-sensitive nanocapsules were successfully synthesized via inverse miniemulsion copolymerization of N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAM), N,N'-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA), and a functional monomer, 4-vinyl pyridine (4-VP). The size and size distribution of nanocapsules were measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS). The particle morphology was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The final morphology of particles was strongly influenced by the hydrophobicity of functional monomers. The use of a hydrophilic functional monomer, acrylic acid, led to the formation of solid particles, while the use of the more hydrophobic functional monomer, 4-VP, resulted in the formation of nanocapsules. The particle morphology, size, and size distribution were investigated in terms of the content of 4-VP, MBA, and the type and content of surfactant. The pH- and thermo-sensitivities were characterized by measuring the size variation with the change of temperature and pH. The organic-inorganic nanocapsules were prepared by coating a layer of silica particles on the surface of the sensitive nanocapsules.     

Thermal-induced growth of gold nanoparticles conjugated with thermoresponsive polymer without chemical reduction

The growth of gold nanoparticles without chemical reduction of gold (III) ions was achieved by the disruption of thermoresponsive polymers conjugated with the gold nanoparticles through the phase transition of the polymers. When a solution of gold nanoparticles coated with thermoresponsive polymers was heated, chains of the thermoresponsive polymers were disrupted because of dehydration, resulting in the fusion of gold nanoparticles to form larger nanoparticles. The evolution of the extinction band around 550 nm evidenced the formation of these large (post-fusion) gold nanoparticles, which were characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). TEM images verified the formation of the large gold nanoparticles having particle sizes of 80-100 nm, whereas DLS indicated the existence of large nanoparticles with hydrodynamic diameters exceeding 200 nm. The deposition did not require the addition of reductants or trivalent gold ions for the formation of the large gold nanoparticles. Both the heating and the solution conditions were studied to elucidate the mechanism of the formation of large gold nanoparticles.     

阴离子对SiO2-PNIPAM构筑温敏Pickering乳液稳定性的影响

采用表面引发原子转移自由基聚合(SI-ATRP)的方法合成具有温度响应的杂化颗粒SiO₂-PNIPAM(PNIPAM:聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺),通过傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱、扫描电镜(SEM)、热失重(TGA)、动态光散射(DLS)对接枝前后的杂化颗粒进行表征与分析,结果表明:SiO₂-PNIPAM为单分散的球形颗粒,具有温度响应性,最低临界溶液温度(LCST)为30 ℃,接枝率为103.7%。讨论了不同种类阴离子各浓度梯度下颗粒润湿性的变化,结果表明,二价的阴离子对其影响更为显著。以SiO₂-PNIPAM为乳化剂制备的Pickering乳液在40和10 ℃时稳定性有着明显的差异,此外,水油界面吸附的颗粒絮凝程度对乳液的稳定性有着显着的影响,改变不同阴离子种类及浓度,实现不同程度的静电作用和溶剂化效应引起盐析的共同作用来调控颗粒的絮凝程度,从而研究其对乳液稳定性的影响。     

Influence of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) and poly(N,N′‐diethyl acrylamide) coatings on polysulfone/polyacrylonitrile‐based membranes for protein separation

Herein we describe the design and the assembly of temperature sensitive polysulfone (PS)/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) blend membranes using supercritical fluid technology. Blended membranes were prepared using the CO₂‐assisted phase inversion method, and their pores were coated with two thermoresponsive hydrogels‐poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) and poly(N,N′‐diethylacrylamide) (PDEAAm). Permeation experiments of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and lysozyme (LYS) solutions were used to evaluate the performance and temperature‐responsive behavior of coated membranes. While membranes coated with PNIPAAm presented similar protein permeation profiles at temperatures below and above its lower critical solution temperature, PDEAAm coating imparted a temperature‐responsive behavior to PS/PAN (90:10) membranes and selective permeation of proteins with different sizes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

含水核载牛血清白蛋白聚氰基丙烯酸丁酯微囊的制备及体外释放

利用界面乳液聚合方法制备了新型含水核载牛血清白蛋白 (BSA)的聚氰基丙烯酸丁酯 (PBCA)纳米微囊 .分别研究了纳米微囊的粒径及其分布 ,表面Zeta电势的变化 .并以牛血清白蛋白为模型药物考察了药物包裹率和载药量的变化以及载药纳米微囊在磷酸缓冲溶液中的体外释放行为 .结果表明 ,所制备的纳米微囊平均粒径为 2 0 0nm ,多分散度为 0 2 2 6;表面Zeta电势的变化证明了BSA是包裹于纳米微囊的内部而不是吸附在其表面 ;包裹率和载药量取决于水相中BSA的初始浓度 ,当BSA的浓度为 0 8mg mL时 ,包裹率和载药量分别为 3 5 %和 0 485× 1 0 - 9mol mg;药物的释放速率取决于纳米微囊的壁厚 ,通过调节壁厚可以达到控释的目的     

具有温敏性的混合胶束的制备与表征及药物体外释放

通过原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)合成了以胆固醇为端基的两亲性聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)(Chol-PNIPAAm),利用FTIR、1H-NMR和GPC等方法表征了聚合物的结构.将该两亲性温敏聚合物与聚乙二醇单甲醚硬脂酸酯(mPEG-SA)通过简单混合,即可得到稳定的Chol-PNIPAAm/mPEG-SA混合胶束体系....     

Preparation of submicrometer-sized monodispersed thermoresponsive core-shell hydrogel microspheres

We have successfully prepared monodispersed thermoresponsive core-shell hydrogel microspheres with a mean diameter of 200-400 nm with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-styrene) [P(NIPAM-co-St)] cores and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) shells. The submicrometer-sized monodispersed P(NIPAM-co-St) core seeds were prepared by using a surfactant-free emulsion polymerization method, and the PNIPAM shell layers were fabricated onto the core seeds by using a seed polymerization method. The particle size, morphology and monodispersity, and thermoresponsive characteristics of the prepared microspheres were experimentally studied. In the preparation of P(NIPAM-co-St) seeds, with increasing the initiator dosage, the mean diameters and the dispersal coefficients were almost at the same levels at first; however, when the initiator dosage increased further to a critical amount, the mean diameters decreased drastically and the monodispersity became worse significantly. With increasing the stirring rate, the particle diameter decreased, and when the stirring rate was larger than 600 rpm, the monodispersity became worse obviously. With increasing the phase ratio, the mean diameter became larger simply, and the monodispersity became worse first and then became better again. With increasing the reaction time, the particle sizes nearly did not change, while the monodispersity gradually became better slightly. For the core-shell microspheres, with increasing the NIPAM dosage in the preparation of the PNIPAM shell layers, the mean diameters became larger simply, the monodispersity became better, and the thermoresponsive swelling ratio of the hydrodynamic diameters increased.