径向双层介质加载圆波导的TE_(11)-HE_(11)模式转换天线

介绍了径向双层介质加载圆波导的TE_(11)-HE_(11)模式转换天线的设计原理、实验方法及结果。该模式转换天线由圆波导TE_(11)-HE_(11)模式转换器和辐射器组成:圆波导TE_(11)-HE_(11)模式转换器是在圆波导内沿径向加载两种不同介电常数的微波介质来完成模式转换,辐射器采用开口圆波导或小张角圆锥喇叭将HE_(11)模辐射出去。应用HFSS软件对设计的两种模式转换天线进行模拟优化,数值结果显示这两种天线在线极化和圆极化工作状态下其E面、H面辐射方向图在一定波瓣宽度内均具有较高的等化特性及低副瓣电平。应用矢量网络分析仪和频谱分析仪对线极化TE11模激励状态下的两种模式转换天线的增益和驻波系数进行测试,测试结果表明:在中心频率9.4GHz频点辐射器采用开口圆波导或小张角圆锥喇叭时天线增益分别为11.21dB和15.58dB,且驻波系数均小于1.05。实测结果与仿真结果基本一致,证明了该模式转换天线技术的可行性与正确性。     

用于磁控管轴向辐射TE_(11)模式的紧凑型输出结构北大核心CSCD

提出了一种用于轴向输出相对论磁控管中具有TE_(11)辐射模式的紧凑型输出结构。该器件采用6谐振腔结构并工作在π模式上,通过合理设计谐振腔结构与输出圆波导之间过渡结构,模拟实现了圆TE_(11)模式微波的轴向输出。与传统衍射输出相对论磁控管相比,本文设计的轴向输出结构,不仅能在输出波导中获得更加纯净的微波模式,而且能减小磁控管的径向尺寸,使得系统更加紧凑化。初步的粒子模拟结果表明:当电压为280kV、磁场强度为0.5T时,该器件的工作频率为4.18GHz,输出功率为247.0 MW,功率转换效率达到21.9%。     

V波段圆波导TE_(01)模式激励器

V波段圆波导TE01模式激励器由矩形TE10模式到矩形TE20模式变换器和矩形TE20模式到圆波导TE01模式变换器组成。采用H面(磁面)转弯激励的方式实现矩形TE10模式到矩形TE20模式的变换;根据圆波导TE01模式的场分布特性,引入过模波导实现了矩形TE20到圆波导TE01的变换。计算结果表明设计的激励器转换效率在95%以上;模式纯度在98%以上的相对带宽可达4.2 GHz;其中在43.4 GHz处的最大转换效率为99.08%,纯度为99.20%。     

低损耗材料微波介电性能测试中识别TE_(01d)模式的新方法

工作于TE_(01d)模式的金属谐振腔法是评价低损耗材料微波介电性能的通用方法.微波介质谐振器均为多模式谐振器,故正确识别TE_(01d)模式是微波介电测试的基础. TE_(01d)模式的识别可通过预测谐振频率及其随谐振器尺寸的变化、根据激励条件排除寄生模式等手段实现,但已有方法存在复杂、易识别错误等缺点.为此,本文发展了一种准确识别TE_(01d)模式的简单方法.这种方法引入了介电性能已知的低损耗参考试样,通过测试金属谐振腔中只放置参考试样及同时放置参考试样和待测试样时TE_(01d)模式的谐振频率,利用有限单元分析计算出待测试样的粗略介电常数,并进一步预测只放置待测试样时TE_(01d)模式的谐振频率.此谐振频率的预测值与测试结果相差1%以内,因此很容易将TE_(01d)模式与其他寄生模式区分开,进而实现TE_(01d)模式的准确识别.     

高功率速调管TE_(11)-HE_(11)模式变换器的设计及实验验证

基于模式匹配法编制了分析内壁刻槽TE11-HE11圆波导模式变换器数值计算程序;采用该程序为工作频率为30.5GHz的高功率速调管设计了一半径为16mm的TE11-HE11模式变换器。计算表明该变换器在2.6%的带宽内转换效率在98.8%以上,实验结果表明该变换器性能良好。     

圆波导TM_(01)-矩形波导TE_(10)模式转换器

设计了一种高功率圆波导TM01-矩形波导TE10模式转换器,可以实现圆波导TM01模式与矩形波导TE10模式之间的相互转换。仿真结果表明:中心频率为9.7GHz时该模式转换器转换效率大于99.99%,回波损耗小于-40dB,转换效率大于90%时的带宽大于0.4GHz。调节底面短路圆波导长度可以实现模式转换器在9.2~10.1GHz范围内调谐(模式转换效率大于99%)。在圆波导和耦合段连接处引入倒角可有效降低场强,提高功率容量,注入功率0.7GW,其表面场强小于1 MV/cm。     

94GHz的TE_(11)-HE_(11)模式变换器设计

基于模式匹配技术的迭代综合方法优化设计了94 GHz的TE11-HE11模式转换器。采用商用电磁仿真软件对设计的模式变换器的性能进行了验证,两者结果基本一致。在88~102 GHz的频带范围内,模式输出纯度超过98%,其中最大模式纯度为99.1%。设计的基于半径微扰的光滑壁圆波导结构的模式变换器结构简单,易于加工,同时避免了波纹模式变换器波纹间隔易发生击穿的弊端。     

不对称左手介质平板波导模式特性分析

对不对称左手介质平板波导的几个低阶的TE模和TM模进行了数值计算,得到了模式特征方程,分析了归一化传播常数β/k_0随平板厚度d变化的色散关系,作出了模式的电场E_y(x)分布．在左手介质平板波导中,每一模式都有截止点, TE_0模和TM_0模不出现,在我们给出的特定的介质参数下,TE_1模和TM_1模不能和其他高阶模式共存,其归一化传播常数β/ k_0随k_0d的增加而减小．给出的结果对左手介质元器件的研究有实际的参考意义．     

1.5μm Ti:LiNbO_3光波导TE_0模偏振器

在1.523μm波长He-Ne激光,对于Z切Ti扩散LiNbO_3光波导及其带有金属包覆/介质缓冲层的偏振器结构,理论上计算了单模波导的工艺参数和基模的吸收损耗系数.文中用TM_0模的共振吸收效应,在1.5μm波长首次研制成Ti:LiNbO_3光波导TE_0模偏振器.当器件长度为2mm和9mm时,其消光比分别为20dB和25dB.     

94 GHz TE_(6,2)模式Denisov辐射器的研究

准光辐射器是回旋管内置准光模式变换器的重要组成部分.采用几何光学理论分析了圆波导中高阶旋转模式电磁波的准光传输特性,分析了螺旋非规则光滑圆波导中电磁波的传输和模式耦合机理,推导任意扰动的圆波导内模式间的耦合波方程及其相关系数.根据耦合波理论编制准光模式变换器的数值计算程序,分析了Denisov型辐射器内激励起的波导模式的功率分布规律和波导壁上的纵向磁场分布,以及辐射器螺旋切口的辐射场的分布和辐射波束的特征,并采用三维全波仿真软件进行对比模拟.优化了工作频率为94 GHz,TE6,2模式的Denisov型辐射器,其输出功率效率高达98%;加工成实物并内置于回旋振荡内进行热测实验,在回旋管的输出窗处获得了高斯分布的烧斑图.此结果表明测试结果与计算基本一致.     

圆波导TE01模激励器设计及实验研究

对比分析了几种可输出圆波导TE₀₁模激励器的仿真设计结果。结果表明,利用行波功分结构实现矩形波导TE₁₀模到4路矩形波导TE₁₀模的等幅同相功分,进而合成转换成圆波导TE₀₁模的转换过程,可在较宽的频带范围内,实现圆波导TE₀₁模的高效激励。以中心频率9.40 GHz仿真设计的圆波导TE₀₁模激励器,在中心频率上的传输效率超过99.9%;在9.08~9.61 GHz的频率范围内,传输效率大于99%。实验测量结果表明,所加工激励器在较宽的频带范围内,传输损耗优于-0.2 dB,与仿真结果的差异主要来自于波导壁面的欧姆损耗和波同转换结构;器件工作频带内平坦特性良好,有利于开展测量工作。     

X波段高功率宽带选模定向耦合器

过模圆波导在提高功率容量的同时,不可避免地会造成微波源中同时存在多种模式。为了监测X波段长脉冲高功率微波源TM₀₁模的输出功率和频谱,采用CST软件仿真设计了X波段高功率宽带选模定向耦合器,在耦合TM₀₁模的同时可实现对TM₀₂和TE₁₁模的抑制。波导腔体及耦合孔的尺寸以小孔耦合理论和相位叠加原理为基础并结合切比雪夫分布函数计算确定。仿真结果表明:该高功率宽带选模定向耦合器在9.0~9.8 GHz的带宽范围内,耦合度为(-59.08±1) dB,定向性大于30 dB,对TE₁₁模的抑制度大于15 dB,对TM₀₂模的抑制度大于30 dB,功率容量大于2.5 GW。     

基于波导模式变换的圆波导TE62模式激励器的研究

基于不规则波导模式匹配法以及缓变波导中电磁波模式耦合理论,研究了一种W波段圆波导TE₆₂模式激励器. 该波导模式激励器采用矩形波导TE₁₀模式通过侧壁耦合馈入同轴波导,利用同轴波导的选模特性激励TE₆₁模式;随后利用轴向半径周期微扰的圆波导实现TE₆₁–TE₆₂模式变换. 文中推导了矩形-同轴波导模式匹配理论,系统研究了波导结构缓变参数对模式变换效率的影响,完成了模式变换器的优化仿真设计,数值计算结果表明：中心频率处TE₆₂模式的转换效率为94.5%,纯度为98.16%,效率85%以上带宽达到1 GHz,能够满足回旋管冷测的要求. 关键词： 同轴波导 模式变换 耦合模理论 半径微扰     

一种直角转弯圆波导模式转换器设计

设计了一种尺寸紧凑并具有高功率容量的圆波导TE₁₁-TM₀₁模式转换器,结构呈直角转弯形状。该转换器利用传输TE₁₁模式的圆波导与其E面分支耦合进行模式转换,并在TM₀₁输出端口的反向传输短路面加入调配螺钉来拓宽频带。设计结果表明,转换器在工作频率12.7 GHz处的转换效率为99.6%,大于90%的带宽约20%,填充SF₆绝缘气体工作时可获得12 MW的功率容量。     

High-power TE11 and TM11 circular polarizers in oversized waveguides at 70 GHz

Elliptical deformation of oversized, smooth-wall circular waveguides can produce choosable elliptical or circular polarization from a linearly polarized TE11 or TM11 mode used as intermediate linearly polarized modes in TEO1 to HE11 mode conversion sequences in electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) of magnetically confined thermonuclear fusion plasmas with high-power gyrotrons. Mode coupling in elliptically distorted overmoded circular waveguides has been studied theoretically and experimentally in order to optimize TE11 (and TM11) polarizers (I.D.=27.79 mm) for the 1 MW/70 GHz long-pulse (3s) ECRH system on the Garching Stellarator W VII-AS. Coupling coefficients for ellipticity coupling of non-degenerate modes are given (coupled-mode differential equations formalism). The polarization converters essentially consist of smooth-wall circular waveguides which are gradually squeezed. A sine-squared function of the length coordinate is used to get an almost elliptical crosssection in the middle and circular cross sections at both ends. Arbitrary elliptical polarization states can be generated introducing an extremely low level (<<1%) of undesired spurious modes. Well defined differential phase characteristics have been achieved.     

Stable high-power TE01 gyro-TWT amplifiers

The stability of high power gyro-TWT amplifiers operating in the low-loss TE₀₁ mode of cylindrical waveguide has been studied, Linear theory has been used to determine the threshold start-oscillation beam current for absolute instability in the operating mode and the critical section lengths for the dominant gyro-BWO interactions occurring at various cyclotron harmonics in other waveguide modes. The performance of the amplifier was evaluated with a nonlinear, self-consistent slow-timescale simulation code. Utilizing interaction sections whose lengths are less than the threshold start-oscillation length and are separated by attenuating severs for isolation, two stable three-section devices have been designed which are predicted to yield: (1) a peak output power of 230 kW at 35 GHz with an efficiency of 23%, a saturated gain of 46 dB and a constant-drive bandwidth of 6% for a 100 kV, 10 A electron beam with an α=ν_⊥ /ν_z =1.0 and an axial velocity spread Δν_z/ν_z=5% and (2) 105 kW at 94 GHz with 21% efficiency, 45 dB saturated gain and 5% constant-drive bandwidth for a similar 5 A electron beam. In addition, the design of the 0 dB input/output couplers and the MIG electron gun are given. Due to the low loss of the TE₀₁ mode, both of these amplifiers can be operated continuously     

Computer-aided analysis and design of corrugated TE11 to HE11 mode converters in highly overmoded waveguides

A theoretical and experimental study of TE11-to-HE11 mode conversion in highly oversized waveguides is given. The balanced HE11 hybrid mode propagating in a circumferentially corrugated circular waveguide is in many respects ideal for effective electron cyclotron resonance heating of fusion plasmas with high-power gyrotrons. At an aperture antenna it exhibits desirable radiation characteristics such as linear polarization with very low cross polarization and axisymmetric power distribution with low sidelobe levels. This Gaussian-like mode can be generated from a TE11 mode by means of a corrugated mode converter in which the depth of the annular slots is tapered gradually from one-half to one-quarter wavelength. Computer-aided optimization of converter length, shape of corrugations, and of non-linear slot depth variation for 28 GHz- and 70 GHz-transducers was achieved with a scattering matrix formalism employing the modal field expansion technique (Modular Analysis Concept). In both cases the measured conversion efficiency of (98.5±0.5)% and the experimental values of the maximum cross polarization (below –28 dB) are in very good agreement with the predicted values. High-power operation was successfully demonstrated using pulsed 28 GHz- and 70 GHz-VARIAN gyrotrons (200 kW).     

基于TM010模介质谐振腔的小型化腔体滤波器

现用于4G基站的介质腔体滤波器都采用TE_01δ模介质谐振腔,虽然其品质因数Q值很高,但体积较大。为了小型化介质腔体滤波器,创新性地使用了TM₀₁₀模介质谐振腔,虽然其Q值比较低,但同样能满足高带外抑制的要求。对TM₀₁₀模介质谐振腔的端口耦合和两腔之间的磁耦合、电耦合进行分析研究,创新性地使用了介质窗的形式产生电耦合,避免了使用飞杆,易于加工,降低制造成本。最后设计了一个8腔TM₀₁₀模准椭圆函数介质腔体带通滤波器,在通带(TD-LTE频带,2570~2620 MHz)两端分别设计两个传输零点以提高带外抑制。调试结果表明,TM₀₁₀模介质腔体滤波器不仅能满足低插损、高带外抑制的要求,而且其体积大幅度缩小。     

TE0导模干涉刻写周期可调亚波长光栅理论研究

通过棱镜耦合激发非对称金属包覆介质波导结构中的TE₀导波模式, 利用两束TE₀模的干涉从理论上实现了周期可调的亚波长光栅刻写. 分析了TE₀模式的色散关系, 刻写亚波长光栅的周期与激发光源、棱镜折射率、光刻胶薄膜厚度及折射率之间的关系. 用有限元方法数值模拟了金属薄膜、光刻胶薄膜和空气多层结构中TE₀导模的干涉场分布. 研究发现, 激发光源波长越短, TE₀ 模干涉刻写的亚波长光栅周期越小; 光刻胶越厚, 刻写的亚波长光栅周期越小; 高折射率光刻胶有利于更小周期亚波长光栅的刻写. 相较于表面等离子体干涉光刻, 基于TE₀ 模的干涉可在厚光刻胶条件下通过改变激发光源、棱镜折射率、光刻胶材料折射率、特别是光刻胶薄膜的厚度等多种方式实现对亚波长光栅周期的有效调控.     

Phase-matched second harmonic blue light generation in ion implanted KNbO3 planar waveguides with 29% conversion efficiency

We report for the first time to our knowledge, noncritical phase-matched second harmonic generation in an ion-implanted KNbO₃ planar waveguide. The guided TM₀ mode of the fundamental wave (868 nm) is converted into the second harmonic TE₁ mode (434 nm). From 1.3 kW of internal fundamental peak power 385 W second harmonic blue light is generated giving a conversion efficiency of 29%. A comparison of the measured and the theoretical efficiencies implies that phase-matching is achieved over the full waveguide length. Based on these first experimental results we estimate that 100 mW of blue light can be generated from 400 mW of input power using an optimized KNbO₃ planar waveguide of 1 cm length.