硅钡合金中钡的测定

硅钡合金是球铁生产中常用的高效长效孕育剂和炼钢强脱氧剂 ,其钡的质量分数为 0 .6%～ 40 % ,硅的质量分数为 40 %～ 70 %。报道过的测定钡的分析方法很多[1,2 ] ,通常采用硫酸钡重量法测定或以硫酸钡沉淀的形式与干扰元素分离 ,继续以 EDTA配合滴定法测定钡。试验了在乙酸 -乙酸钠缓冲溶液中 ,以氨三乙酸为掩蔽剂与铁生成稳定的 NTA- Fe配合物 ,铬酸铵沉淀钡为铬酸钡 ,与共存的干扰元素分离。用稀盐酸溶解铬酸钡沉淀 ,以硫酸亚铁铵标准溶液滴定铬酸根 ,间接求出钡的含量。方法重现性较好 ,回收率大于 99% ,相对标准偏差为 0 .2 7%。1…     

快速光度法测定硅钡合金中钡

钡的测定方法较多,但大多分析速度慢,精度差,笔者在参考文献[1,2]后,使用偶氮氯膦Ⅲ(CPA Ⅲ)直接测定硅钡合金中的钡,具有快速(整个过程不大于20min)、准确、干扰少的特点。其中用草酸、环已烷二胺四乙酸(DCTA)、氢氟酸分别掩蔽大量Fe~(3+)、Ca~(3+)、Al~(3+)后,其表观摩尔吸光系数ε_(665)=3.11×10~4,在665nm处有最大吸收峰,钡在1～30μg/25ml内符合比耳定律,其中加标回收率在108％～94％,适于测0.05％～10％的硅钡合金、硅钡铝合金。 1 试验部分 1.1 试剂与仪器 钡标准溶液;以BaCO_3按常法配制成5μg·ml~(-1)     

ICP-AES法测定硅铝钙锶钡合金中的钙、锶、钡

长期以来 ,铝一直作为钢液的终脱氧剂 ,结果在钢中残存大量的难熔三氧化二铝聚集夹杂 ,轧制后这种夹杂在钢中形成长链状 ,对钢材性能有很大危害。近几年来 ,人们研究应用硅铝钙锶钡系列复合合金替代铝作为钢液的终脱氧剂。它可以明显地净化钢液 ,减小夹杂物尺寸 ,球化夹杂物 ,在很大程度上改善了钢材的性能。对于混合物中钙、锶、钡的分别分析 ,由于其化学性质的相似性 ,很难用化学分析方法准确测定 ,有报道用电化学方法分析碱土金属中的钙、锶、钡[1] ,流动注射 ｐＨ梯度技术测定锶、钡[2 ] ,配位滴定分析硅钙钡铁合金中钙、钡[3 ] ,而硅…     

钛酸锶钡基陶瓷铁电可调微波介质材料的研究进展

综述了钛酸锶钡基陶瓷铁电可调微波介质材料的研究进展,着重从离子掺杂和介质材料复合两个方面概括分析了当前Ba1-xSrxTiO3(BST)基铁电陶瓷微波介质可调材料的发展状况,同时对比分析了两种方法的优缺点.     

示波极谱法测定硅锶钡铁合金中的锶和钡

Sr—Si—Fe合金中含1—5％的Sr,现有的化学分析方法是采用EDTA络合滴定。而在冶炼过程中尚需加入大致相等量的Ba,故此需Ba、Sr同时测定。其它方法分析如此含量的Ba、Sr总还存在一些困难。本文采用示波极谱法,以四甲基碘化铵为支持电解质,成功的测定了硅锶钡铁合金中的Sr和Ba。峰值电位Ba为-1.95V,Sr为-2.15V(vs SCE),Sr或Ba浓度在0.1—     

钡-偶氮氯膦Ⅲ-锌-邻菲罗啉光度法测定孕育剂和球化剂中钡

光度法测定钡的方法 [1～ 4 ] 已有报道 ,但在这些方法中钙和稀土干扰测定钡 ,且钙、镁和稀土的允许量较低 ,从而限制了方法的广泛应用。据文献 [1 ]报道 ,在 p H 5.5～ 7.2 ,钡与偶氮氯膦 、锌、邻菲罗啉缔合成混合多核配合物 ,最大吸收波长在 687nm处。本文在文献 [1 ]的基础上 ,研究了部分反应条件、共存离子干扰情况及消除方法 ,拟订了光度法测定孕育剂和球化剂中钡的方法 ,本法不需分离 ,操作简便快速 ,灵敏度高 ,结果满意 ,可测定 1 %～ 6%的钡。1　试验部分1 .1　试剂锌 -邻菲罗啉溶液 :称取纯锌 0 .1 0 g,用盐酸 (1 1 ) 1 0 ml加…     

吸波材料钡铁氧体BaFe12O19的制备

以Fe(NO3)3.9 H2O、Ba(NO3)2为基本原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法,在络合剂柠檬酸存在的条件下,通过调节pH值,制备了纯度高的片状M型六方晶系磁铅石型钡铁氧体BaFe12O19。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、电子显微分析(SEM)等对制备产物的物相、形貌和粒度进行了表征,优化制备工艺。结果表明,制备的钡铁氧体BaFe12O19纯度高,呈片状结构,片径一般1～50μm,其较佳的制备工艺条件为pH 4.5～7.0、煅烧温度850℃、保温时间为3 h,较传统钡铁氧体BaFe12O19的制备温度降低约200℃。     

YBa2Cu3O—7超导体中钡的价态

对于YBa_2Cu_3O_(～7)超导体的Ba 3d X光电子能谱(XPS)存在分裂(出现肩峰)的现象有很多不同的解释.Kohiki等认为主峰和肩峰分别代表晶格Ba~(2 )离子和金属Ba;Han等则认为它们分别代表Ba~(2 )离子和更高价态的Ba离子;Ji等提出超导体中存在Ba~(2 )和Ba~((2-δ) )两种离子;唐有祺等报道超导体存在体相钡、表面BaCO_3的钡和绝缘相中的钡,它们的Ba 3d_(5/2)结合能分别为777.8,779。7和781.5eV;Fjellvag等也观察到Ba3d谱中出     

火焰原子吸收法测定钡硅中钡铝钙

钡硅是在硅铁中增加钡元素的一种新型铁合金,主要作孕育剂用于铸造工业;采用化学分析方法测定钡铝钙三元素,只能单测,操怍繁琐费时。ICP-AES法需要贵重的进口仪器,在国产原子吸收分析仪上我们进行了试验测试,在同一份溶液中再经适当的稀释处理,加入消电离剂测定钡铝钙三元素,方法简便、快速、准确,能够满足分析要求。 1 试验部分 1.1 仪器与试剂 3300原子吸收分光光度计(上海分析仪器厂) WM-2A型无油气体压缩机(天津市医疗器械二厂) 氯化钾、氯化锶均为2％     

硅钡铁合金中钡的测定

硅钡铁合金在离心球墨铸铁管生产中用作管模粉和孕育剂,其中钡的含量直接影响铸管的质量。目前,国内还未见有合适的测定方法,本文研究了在盐酸介质中,用抗坏血酸还原Fe~(3+)为Fe~(2+),消除其干扰,以稀硫酸为沉淀剂,重量法测定硅钡铁合金中钡的含量,试验了最佳的测定条件。本法操作简便、快速、准确度高、精密度高;已用于厂标生产中钡的测定。     

Dielectric properties of Ni-doped Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 ceramics prepared with hydrothermal synthesized nanopowders

Ba_0.5Sr_0.5Ti_1?xNi_xO₃ (BSTN) ceramics were prepared from BSTN nanopowders synthesized by a hydrothermal method. The phase and microstructure of samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy. XRD results indicate a cubic structure of the pure BST nanopowders. The cubic structure can be converted to the orthorhombic phase with increasing of Ni content to x = 0.01 and returned to the cubic structure with the presence of Ni(OH)₂ impurity phase for x = 0.03 and 0.05. However, the BSTN ceramics sintered at 1,200 °C for 3 h revealed the orthorhombic phase structure with NiO impurity phase for all Ni content. The doping of Ni in Ba_0.5Sr_0.5TiO₃ structure can increase the grain size of samples from 1.47 to 3.26 μm. The dielectric constant, loss tangent (tanδ) and phase transition temperature of BSTN ceramics were reduced with increasing Ni content.     

High-Pressure Synthesis of Fully Occupied Tetragonal and Cubic Tungsten Bronze Oxides

A high-pressure reaction yielded the fully occupied tetragonal tungsten bronze K₃W₅O₁₅ (K_0.6WO₃). The terminal phase shows an unusual transport property featuring slightly negative temperature-dependence in resistivity (dρ/dT<0) and a large Wilson ratio of R_W=3.2. Such anomalous metallic behavior possibly arises from the low-dimensional electronic structure with a van Hove singularity at the Fermi level and/or from enhanced magnetic fluctuations by geometrical frustration of the tungsten sublattice. The asymmetric nature of the tetragonal tungsten bronze K_xWO₃-K_0.6−yBa_yWO₃ phase diagram implies that superconductivity for x≤0.45 originates from the lattice instability because of potassium deficiency. A cubic perovskite KWO₃ phase was also identified as a line phase—in marked contrast to Na_xWO₃ and Li_xWO₃ with varying quantities of x (<1). This study presents a versatile method by which the solubility limit of tungsten bronze oxides can be extended.     

Microstructure evolution and dielectric properties of Ba<Subscript>5-x</Subscript>Na<Subscript>2x</Subscript>Nb<Subscript>10</Subscript>O<Subscript>30</Subscript> ceramics with different Ba–Na Ratios

The tetragonal tungsten bronzes of Ba5−xNa_2x Nb₁₀O₃₀ (BNN, 0.5≤ x≤1.3) ceramics were synthesized using the solid state reaction method. The sintering behavior and dielectric characteristics of the BNN ceramics, as a function of the Ba-Na ratio, were examined. Densification of the samples with excess compositions of Ba and Na was higher than that of the stoichiometric BNN sample. The maximum dielectric constant and the Curie temperature showed highest values at the stoichiometric composition and decreased as the composition shifted away from the stoichiometry. in order to obtain a quantitative evaluation of the diffuse phase transition (DPT) behavior of the BNN ceramics, γ and C/κ_max were calculated. The weakest DPT behavior was observed in the stoichiometric composition. An increase in the DPT is in correlation with the increase in the number of ways of cation distribution by the disordered occupation of Ba and Na and the vacancies in the A1 and A2 sites of the tungsten bronze structure.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Niobium Substituted Hexagonal Tungsten Bronzes

Alkali metal tungsten bronzes, M_xWO₃, and its niobium substituted forms, M_xNb_yW_1‐yO₃, have been prepared with M = K and Rb and nominal compositions of x = 0.20, 0.25, 0.30 and 0.0 ≤ y ≤ 0.20 at temperatures between 600 and 900?C. The X‐ray powder patterns reveal that single phases of niobium substituted hexagonal tungsten bronze (HTB) can be prepared for x = 0.2, y ≤ 0.05 ; x = 0.25, y ≤ 0.125 and x = 0.3, y ≤ 0.15. Investigations of the optical reflectivity and the infrared absorption of Rb_0.3Nb_yW_1‐yO₃ indicate a decreasing concentration of free carrier with increasing niobium content.     

均分散胶体的研究──Ⅷ.草酸钛酰钡均分散颗粒的制备、组成及应用

本文提出了制备草酸钛酰钡均分散颗粒的优选条件.对此条件下制备的均分散颗粒进行了化学分析、TGA、IR分析并确定了其化学组成.将此种颗粒灼烧成氧化物后,基本上可保留原形貌.用BaO·TiO₂均分微颗粒与Y2O₃均分散颗粒烧制成BaTiO₃均分散陶瓷,以达到控制陶瓷超微结构均匀的目的.     

Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3/聚偏氟乙烯-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯复合材料的制备及其介电性能

采用流延热压工艺制备Ba_0.6Sr_0.4TiO₃(BST)/聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)?聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)复合薄膜,研究了PMMA含量对复合材料微观组织结构和介电性能的影响规律。结果表明,BST相能够均匀分散在聚合物基体中,归因于PMMA与PVDF良好的相容性,2种聚合物之间的界面不分明;随着PMMA含量的增加,复合材料的介电常数先降低后升高,耐击穿强度和介电可调性先增加后减少。PMMA含量(体积分数)为15%的BST/PVDF?PMMA₁₅复合材料的综合性能最佳:介电常数为23.2,介电损耗为0.07,耐击穿强度为1412 kV·cm^-1,在550 kV·cm^-1偏压场下,介电可调性为26.2%。     

Structure and properties of (1−x)(0.6Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.4Pb (Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3)-xPbTiO3 thin films with perovskite phase promoted by polyethylene glycol

The preferential formation of a pyrochlore structure is a knotty problem in the preparation of Pb(Zn_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃ (PZN)-based thin film materials and its presence is significantly detrimental to the dielectric and piezoelectric properties. In this study, 40 mol% of PZN was replaced with Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃ (PMN) for obtaining a perovskite composition around a morphotropic phase boundary (MPB), (1−x)(0.6PZN-0.4PMN)-xPT ((1−x)PZMN-xPT, PT: PbTiO₃) where x = 0.23. The thin films with this composition were prepared with a polyethylene glycol (PEG) modi-fied sol-gel method on LaAlO₃ substrates. The microstructural evolution of the films on heat treatment was examined with X-ray diffraction. With the aid of PEG, the formation of the pyrochlore phase was suppressed and the perovskite phase formed directly from the amorphous gel film. The multilayer films with a thickness around 0.25 μm showed a single perovskite phase without any detectable pyrochlore structure. Microscopic images showed uniform grain size of a few tens of nanometers. The role of the polymer dramatically promoting the perovskite phase was investigated with the aid of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and thermal analysis. The dielectric constant of the obtained film was 4160 at 1 kHz. The film demonstrated typical ferroelectric hysteresis loops and exhibited excellent piezoelectric performance.     

Preparation and Dielectric Properties of Mn-Doped Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3-MgTiO3 Composite Ceramics

Barium strontium titanate (Ba_0.6Sr_0.4TiO₃, BST) nano-powders were prepared using Ba(NO₃)₂, Sr(NO₃)₂, oxalic acid dehydrate, and tetrabutyl titanate (Ti(OC4H9)4) as precursors by the chemical co-precipitation method. The product was characterized by thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) thermal analyses, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experimental results indicated that the resulting Ba_0.6Sr_0.4TiO₃ nano-powders were homogeneous with agglomerated nature. The Ba_0.6Sr_0.4TiO₃-MgTiO₃ (BST-MT) bulk composite ceramics doped by Mn were obtained by the traditional solid phase method. The XRD patterns demonstrated that Mn-doped BST was unable to change the perovskite crystalline structure of BST materials. SEM photographs revealed that the crystalline grains became larger with increasing the content of doping Mn (<1.5% (x, molar fraction)) and then the size of grains decreased after the Mn content exceeded 1.5% in the BST ceramics, suggesting the effect of Mn doping on the morphologies of BST-MT composites. The dielectric properties of BST-MT composite ceramics doped with 0.1%-2.0% (x) Mn were investigated systematically. Two effects of Mn doping on the dielectric properties of the BST-MT composite ceramics were observed. At low Mn doping concentrations (<1.5%), Mn mainly acted as an acceptor dopant to replace Ti at the B site of ABO3 perovskite structure, leading to a diffused phase transition. It was also observed that the grain size increased drastically as the Mn content increased and thus caused the decrease of dielectric loss. At higher Mn doping concentrations (>1.5%), the grain size decreased and the suppression of permittivity and the drastic increase of the dielectric losses were observed, which indicated a “composite” mixing effect.     

Structural correlations in BaO–PbO–B2O3 glasses as inferred from FTIR spectra

Infrared spectra of xBaO·(30-x)PbO·70B₂O₃, xBaO·(40-x)PbO·60B₂O₃ and xBaO·(50-x)PbO·50B₂O₃ glasses have been quantitatively analyzed. The fraction of four coordinated boron atoms varies linearly, for each group, between the values of the corresponding binary borate glasses. The data could be used to calculate and follow the composition dependence of the concentration of structural units in all glasses. The results show a linear increase in the ratio of PbO forming BO₄ units to the total content of PbO, with increasing B₂O₃ in binary PbO–B₂O₃ glasses. Similar behavior has been observed for the ratio of BaO forming BO₄ units to the total content of BaO in binary BaO–B₂O₃ glasses. The ratio of PbO forming PbO₄ units to the total PbO content, and that of BaO forming asymmetric BO₃ units to the total BaO content, shows a reversed dependence. The linear change in fraction of four coordinated boron atoms and in density and molar volume suggests that the studied glasses can be treated as mixtures of binary PbO–B₂O₃ and BaO–B₂O₃ matrices.     

Formation of MgxNbyOx+y through the Mechanochemical Reaction of MgH2 and Nb2O5, and Its Effect on the Hydrogen‐Storage Behavior of MgH2

The present study aims to understand the catalysis of the MgH₂–Nb₂O₅ hydrogen storage system. To clarify the chemical interaction between MgH₂ and Nb₂O₅, the mechanochemical reaction products of a composite mixture of MgH₂+0.167 Nb₂O₅ was monitored at different time intervals (2, 5, 15, 30, and 45 min, as well as 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 h). The study confirms the formation of catalytically active Nb‐doped MgO nanoparticles (typically Mg_xNb_yO_x+y, with a crystallite size of 4–8 nm) by transforming reactants through an intermediate phase typified by Mg_m?xNb_2n?yO_5n?(x+y). The initially formed Mg_xNb_yO_x+y product is shown to be Nb rich, with the concentration of Mg increasing upon increasing milling time. The nanoscale end‐product Mg_xNb_yO_x+y closely resembles the crystallographic features of MgO, but with at least a 1–4 % higher unit cell volume. Unlike MgO, which is known to passivate the surfaces in MgH₂ system, the Nb‐dissolved MgO effectively mediates the Mg–H₂ sorption reaction in the system. We believe that this observation will lead to new developments in the area of catalysis for metal–gas interactions.