Zn/HZSM-5分子筛催化剂对丙烷芳构化反应中芳烃分布的影响

采用浸渍法,制备了Ｚｎ／ＨＺＳＭ－５分子筛催化剂,考察了锌含量、反应温度对丙烷芳构化反应的影响,根据产物分布情况,讨论了锌物种在丙烷芳构化反应中的作用,并以氮气作载气,带入烷基芳烃乙苯、二甲苯、甲苯,考察了温度对催化剂脱烷基反应的影响。结果表明,锌物种不公能够催化丙烷的脱氢活化,提高其转化率,而且能促进随后进行的齐聚、脱氢芳构化第一系列反应,提高芳烃的选择性,并进一步催化烷基芳烃的脱烷基反应,导致     

ZSM-5分子筛催化剂上液化石油气低温芳构化制取高辛烷值汽油

 考察了反应温度、空速、压力、临氢条件以及催化剂的水热处理条件对液化石油气在ZSM-5分子筛催化剂上低温芳构化制取高辛烷值汽油反应性能的影响. 结果表明,反应温度和空速对催化剂的催化性能有明显影响,提高反应温度有利于提高芳烃的选择性,同时芳烃中的苯、甲苯和C10+芳烃含量增加; 增大进料空速,催化剂的芳构化性能下降,芳烃中的重组分增加,二甲苯中对二甲苯含量增大. 催化剂的水热处理温度升高,其初始芳构化活性下降,而催化剂经过适当的水热处理和系统中氢气的存在均可提高催化剂催化芳构化反应的稳定性.     

Cu-Zn/HZSM-5催化剂上甲烷与丙烷的共活化

 研究了xCu-6%Zn/HZSM-5(x=0～0.9%)系列催化剂对甲烷和丙烷混合气体无氧芳构化反应的催化性能. 结果表明,在此系列催化剂上,丙烷促进了甲烷的活化,使之参与到芳烃的形成过程中. 在600 ℃和甲烷/丙烷摩尔比为1.0的条件下,0.7%Cu-6%Zn/HZSM-5催化剂表现出最佳活性,甲烷转化率达到36%,芳烃选择性达到85.7%. 这说明在Zn/HZSM-5中添加第二组分Cu有助于提高催化剂的活性和稳定性. 考察了反应时间和甲烷/丙烷摩尔比对甲烷和丙烷转化率及产物分布的影响. 13CH4同位素示踪实验发现13C进入到了C6H+6, C7H+8和C8H+10碎片中,这进一步证实甲烷参与了芳烃的形成.     

甲烷在6%Zn/HZSM-5催化剂上的低温转化 Catalytic Conversion of Methane at Low Temperature over 6%Zn/HZSM-5 Zeolite

 采用丙烷和甲烷混合物作为共反应物进行无氧芳构化反应. 在600 ℃,3000 h-1和甲烷/丙烷摩尔比为0.6的条件下,甲烷可以在6%Zn/HZSM-5分子筛催化剂上被有效地活化,甲烷的转化率可达32.4%,丙烷的转化率为89.5%,反应的主要产物为芳烃,其选择性达到89.7%. 甲烷与丙烷的摩尔比对芳烃产物的选择性有影响. 在没有丙烷参与时该催化剂在600 ℃下对甲烷转化没有活性. 推测是丙烷脱氢或裂解过程的中间产物活化了甲烷. 低碳烷烃对甲烷的活化可能是实现甲烷低温转化的一条有效途径.     

Zn/HZSM-5催化剂上正/异丁烷芳构化反应性能研究

采用脉冲微反装置评价了纯正丁烷(原料I)、含有少量异丁烷的混合丁烷(原料Ⅱ)和富含异丁烷的混合丁烷(原料Ⅲ)在锌改性的纳米HZSM-5催化剂上的反应性能.通过红外吸附正丁烷羟基谱图,研究了Zn/HZSM-5催化剂的活性中心.结果表明,反应温度为550℃时,两种混合丁烷在催化剂上的转化率和芳构化选择性都远高于纯正丁烷.即异丁烷比例越高,反应效果越好,说明二者共存时,异丁烷在竞争反应中抑制了正丁烷的转化.另外,芳烃选择性均随Zn负载量的增加而增加.这是因为异丁烷在酸中心作用下脱氢生成叔碳正离子的能力高.而正丁烷的活化方式可能同时存在脱氢活化和脱甲基活化.因此,以工业碳四饱和烃为芳构化原料时,正丁烷和异丁烷可不必分离,直接以混合原料进行芳构化反应.     

Mo-V-Te-Nb-O催化剂上丙烷选择氧化制丙烯酸 I．催化剂的制备条件及稳定性

研究了催化剂的制备条件(焙烧方式、焙烧气氛和焙烧温度)对Mo-V-Te-Nb-O上丙烷选择氧化制丙烯酸反应的影响．结果表明，制备条件对催化剂的催化性能具有很大的影响．与敞开式焙烧制得的催化剂相比，封闭式焙烧制得的催化剂具有较高的丙烯酸选择性，但丙烷转化率较低．在空气中焙烧制得的催化剂对丙烯酸无选择性，但在氮气和氩气中焙烧制得的催化剂具有很高的丙烷转化率和丙烯酸选择性．随着焙烧温度的升高，丙烷转化率降低，丙烯酸选择性升高，适宜的焙烧温度为600℃．催化剂制备条件对催化剂的晶相结构也具有重要的影响．在惰性气氛中采用600℃下封闭式焙烧制得的Mo-V-Te-Nb-O催化剂经210h反应后，丙烷转化率保持为19％，而丙烯酸选择性持续升高，由32％升至50％．     

氢预处理对Zn/HZSM-5分子筛催化乙烯芳构化反应性能的影响

采用浸渍法制备了Zn/HZSM-5分子筛催化剂,进行了不同温度的氢气预处理,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、氮气吸附-脱附、傅里叶变换红外(FT-IR)光谱、NH_3程序升温脱附(NH_3-TPD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等表征技术,系统考察氢气预处理对Zn/HZSM-5分子筛结构、孔道、酸性、Zn存在状态以及在乙烯芳构化反应中的催化性能等的影响。研究结果表明,氢气预处理温度显著影响Zn/HZSM-5中Zn物种的含量和存在状态:600℃以下的氢处理,几乎不影响分子筛上Zn物种的总含量,而600℃以上氢处理时会造成Zn物种的大量流失;XPS研究显示,氢预处理的温度不同,分子筛上ZnOH~+与ZnO的相对比例变化显著。结合乙烯芳构化反应性能,可以发现ZnOH~+物种的含量与芳烃选择性存在较好的线性关系,说明其是促进烯烃脱氢、芳构化的主要活性中心,Zn存在状态的变化使得氢气预处理温度显著影响乙烯芳构化反应产物的分布。     

ZnHZSM-5上丙烷芳构化的研究─丙烷的活化

研究了HZSM－5、ZnHZSM－5和ZnNaZSM－5上的羟基振动光谱和一氧化碳吸附的红外光谱，以及丙烷的芳构化反应．红外光谱中发现表征强B酸的3610cm－1羟基振动峰相对强度由于锌离子的引入和浸渍氢氧化钠而减小，说明了锌离子和钠离子均进入了分子筛的阳离子位；一氧化碳在锌离子上的吸附峰位在2232cm－1，说明进入阳离子位的锌离子是一种强L酸．反应结果表明，锌离子的引入大大地促进了丙烷的转化和芳烃选择性的提高；在一定范围内，随浸渍氢氧化钠量的增加，丙烷转化率下降，而丙烯的选择性和产率增加，说明了锌组份直接参与了丙烷的脱氢过程．Zn－L酸是丙烷活化脱氢的中心，丙烷在该中心上异裂活化直接脱氢．     

ZnHZSM-5上丙烷芳构化的研究-丙烷的活化

研究了HZSM－5、ZnHZSM－5和ZnNaZSM－5上的羟基振动光谱和一氧化碳吸附的红外光谱，以及丙烷的芳构化反应．红外光谱中发现表征强B酸的3610cm－1羟基振动峰相对强度由于锌离子的引入和浸渍氢氧化钠而减小，说明了锌离子和钠离子均进入了分子筛的阳离子位；一氧化碳在锌离子上的吸附峰位在2232cm－1，说明进入阳离子位的锌离子是一种强L酸．反应结果表明，锌离子的引入大大地促进了丙烷的转化和芳烃选择性的提高；在一定范围内，随浸渍氢氧化钠量的增加，丙烷转化率下降，而丙烯的选择性和产率增加，说明了锌组份直接参与了丙烷的脱氢过程．Zn－L酸是丙烷活化脱氢的中心，丙烷在该中心上异裂活化直接脱氢．     

Mo-V-Te-Nb-O催化剂上丙烷选择氧化制丙烯酸Ⅰ.催化剂的制备条件及稳定性

 研究了催化剂的制备条件(焙烧方式、焙烧气氛和焙烧温度)对Mo-V-Te-Nb-O上丙烷选择氧化制丙烯酸反应的影响. 结果表明,制备条件对催化剂的催化性能具有很大的影响. 与敞开式焙烧制得的催化剂相比,封闭式焙烧制得的催化剂具有较高的丙烯酸选择性,但丙烷转化率较低. 在空气中焙烧制得的催化剂对丙烯酸无选择性,但在氮气和氩气中焙烧制得的催化剂具有很高的丙烷转化率和丙烯酸选择性. 随着焙烧温度的升高,丙烷转化率降低,丙烯酸选择性升高,适宜的焙烧温度为600 ℃. 催化剂制备条件对催化剂的晶相结构也具有重要的影响. 在惰性气氛中采用600 ℃下封闭式焙烧制得的Mo-V-Te-Nb-O催化剂经210 h反应后,丙烷转化率保持为19%,而丙烯酸选择性持续升高,由32%升至50%.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.