聚合物屈服中结构变化的计算模拟

用分子模拟方法对近来关于在屈服中是否存在结构改变的问题进行了考察，结果表明，在屈服附近键长与键角没有明显的变化，而且分子间相互作用主宰着屈服过程，研究发现，屈服过程中有一个“原子跳跃”的结构转变现象，即部分原子的位移超出所有原子平均位移的10倍以上，另外，高分子键间堆砌的复杂性引起屈服点附近的多的子跳跃发生。用该结果可以较合理地解释高分子有一个宽的屈服峰。     

RDF法对非晶态聚醚砜共聚物的近程有序结构研究

用径向分布函数(RDF)研究了聚醚砜共聚物(PES)在r=1.5 nm范围内的近程结构, 结果表明, 分子链间存在近程有序结构, 有序周期约为0.5 nm; 聚醚砜共聚物经退火处理后, 由g(r)图可以看出, 第一个峰变高、变窄; 由G(r)图可以看出, 分子链间第一个有序区内, 分子链间贡献大于链内贡献; 于200 ℃退火处理后有序畴尺寸(rs)略有增大, 原子平均位移(σ)变小, 使得分子链内原子间距分布更加均匀, 相邻分子链间距(rv)变小. 同时透射电镜(TEM)的形态结构分析表明, 经退火处理后, 其聚集态确实形成了某种局部有序的结构.     

链柔性与相互作用对高分子溶液的介电性质和热力学性质的影响

溶液中高分子的行为在很大程度上受着下列三种相互作用的影响,即近程相互作用、远程相互作用、高分子与溶剂分子间的相互作用. 近程相互作用是高分子链上相隔二、三个键的原子或基因间的相互作用;远程相互作     

支链对高分子链导热性能影响的分子动力学模拟

采用非平衡分子动力学(NEMD)方法模拟了立构规整的乙丙交替共聚物(alternating isotactic PEP)和聚乙烯(PE)分子链的热传导过程,研究了支链对高分子链导热率的影响,并通过分析均方回转半径、径向分布函数以及均方位移与导热率的关系,进一步探讨了高分子链中热输运的微观机理.通过比较发现,主链上含支链的高分子链导热率较低;均方回转半径显示,高分子链的构象越稳定,导热率越高;径向分布函数显示,主链上碳原子分布越紧密,导热率越低;均方位移分析结果表明,主链上的支链使高分子链中的原子运动加剧,从而导致导热率降低.     

高分子形态与溶液性质

从分子结构的观点来看,对高分子和小分子的研究要点有很大的差别。小分子的结构主要指分子中原子间的化学键,在平衡态时原子的几何排列,它们的振动,结合能量和电子云分布情况等等。实验方法包括立体化学方法、X-线和电子衍射、光谱方法、电偶极矩测定等。高分子的分子量在10~3—10~7间,每一分子具有10~2—10~5个结构单元,可能是重复的单元,也可能不完全相同的。每个结构单元就相当于一个小分子的结构,因此对这样一个复杂的多质点体系,要有详尽细致的结构全貌,事实上是困难的。而且每一个分子与另一个分子的结构单元数并不相同,卽分子量是不均一的;而且由于分子键的内旋转,每一分子在每瞬间的构型与另一     

物理老化无规聚苯乙烯屈服机理的研究

利用机械拉伸、示差扫描量热(DSC)以及溶剂溶胀等方法研究了物理老化后的无规聚苯乙烯(α-PS)的应力屈服行为,并从凝聚缠结的观点对实验结果进行了解释.实验结果表明,经物理老化后的α-PS在拉伸过程中出现应力屈服峰实质上是逐步打开凝聚缠结的过程.凝聚缠结是聚合物非晶相在物理老化过程中相邻的两三条链的局部链段由于范德华吸引力的作用形成的一种有序结构,其作用能很弱,升温至T_g附近,机械拉伸至屈服点以及溶胀剂都可将其完全破坏.     

电流变离合器内屈服面瞬态特性研究

研究同心圆筒型电流变离合器内流动屈服面的瞬态响应规律.结果表明:在突加电场情况下,电流变液屈服应力公式中的参数β对流动屈服面的动态特性规律有重要影响.初始时刻,屈服面在筒壁生成,在向间隙内移动的过程中;若β>2.0,屈服面总是先产生于内筒外壁;若β<2.0,屈服面总是先产生于外筒内壁.     

可溶解的聚氨酯脲微凝胶的合成及其分子尺寸的测定

以聚氧化四亚甲基二醇、4,4′ 二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯和己二胺为原料 ,利用高分子在溶液中基本形态是无规线团的特征 ,设计了一个含有分子内和分子间反应的交联聚合体系 ,由于分子内反应与分子间反应是一对竞争反应 ,使得交联过程得以控制 ,在溶液聚合体系中合成了可溶解的微凝胶 .在分子尺寸测定过程中 ,发现了这种高分子在溶液中非常容易形成分子簇 ,且分子簇的形成与解离处于不平衡之中 ,这可能是交联高分子的一种特殊的溶液行为     

成庄无烟煤大分子结构模型及其分子模拟

利用晋城矿区成庄矿煤的工业分析、元素分析、¹³C-NMR、XPS等实验结果,构建了其大分子结构模型.模型中,芳香碳以2、3、4环结构为主,最大环数达五个;脂肪碳以甲、乙基侧链及环烷烃的形式存在.九个氧原子分别以七个羰基(主要为醌基)、一个羟基及一个醚氧的型式存在;两个氮原子以吡咯的形式存在.硫原子含量很低,在模型构建中没有体现.采用分子力学(MM)和分子动力学(MD)方法,对成庄煤结构模型进行能量最小化模拟.结果表明,分子内及分子间芳香层片之间的π-π相互作用,使其以近似平行的方式排列;高煤级煤结构中,短程有序的原因主要是分子间芳香层片的定向排列.分子间的氢键能及范德华能使结构达到最稳构型.     

硝基芴酮与N-乙基咔唑电荷转移复合物的研究——-用X射线光电子能谱确定复合物的电荷转移量

Mulliken等从理论上指出电荷转移式复合物必伴有电子从给体原子或分子向受体原子或分子间的电荷转移.而用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)测定的某给定原子内壳电子结合能位移(即XPS化学位移)正是该原子周围环境电荷分布变化的反映.因此XPS技术是确定形成电荷转移复合物和提供电荷转移量信息的有效手段之一.为此,我们用XPS技术研究了2-硝基芴酮(2-MNF);2,7-二硝基芴酮(2,7-DNF);2,4,7-三硝基芴酮(2,4,7-TNF);     

MOLECULAR SIMULATION STUDY ON THE CHANGE OF POLYMER STRUCTURE DURING YIELDING*

A better understanding of a recently raised argument on whether there occurs a structure change during yieldinghas been acquired by using molecular simulation. That is, when monitoring the displacements of all atoms before and afterthe yield, a structure transition does occur, which is the "atomic jump" that coordinates the amount of the atoms in thepolymer and makes a large step beyond～0.05 nm for all those atoms. Results indicate that the complex of polymer chainpacking induces the multiple atomic jumps around the yield point. This explains why polymers have a broader yielding peak.     

多中心d-pπ键与高氧化态钼簇合物的几何构型——(Ⅰ)“碎片结构”模型及分子轨道研究

本文通过对不同构型的二核钼簇合物簇胳结构的分子轨道计算,揭示了Mo—B(T)原子间的多中心d-p π键与该结构的稳定性及结构参数α、θ和R之间的内在联系,提出了2～6核高氧化态钼簇合物的簇胳由“碎片结构”组合而成的设想,该模型对以μ_2-S_2为桥的三核钼簇合物中的“共面—异面”规则和簇胳为[Mo_4S_3O]~(6+)的钼簇中的反常Mo—Mo键距给出合理解释,确认了桥原子对Mo—Mo键长和键强的决定作用。     

"Associative" electron attachment to azabenzene-(CO2)n van der Waals complexes: stepwise formation of covalent bonds with additive electron affinities

Electron attachment to the van der Waals complexes of azabenzene-(CO(2))(n) results in the formation of covalent bonds between the nitrogen atoms of azabenzene and the carbon atom of CO(2). The newly formed C-N bonds establish an extended pi-orbital network over the entire moieties of the complex and thus greatly stabilize the anion, yielding a very large value of vertical detachment energy for the excess electron. The rare "associative" nature of electron attachment was found to be generally occurring in all azabenzene series, only subject to steric hindrance against the formation of the covalent C-N bond.     

Stereochemical and structural features of N-methoxyaziridines. structures of cis- and trans-amides of the monoethyl ester of 1-methoxyaziridine-2,2-dicarboxylic acid

Features of the structures of N-methoxyaziridines have been considered on the basis of the results of x-ray structural analysis, ¹³C NMR spectroscopy, qualitative MO theory, and the secondary orbital rehybridization method. The causes of the configurational and chemical stability of the N-methoxyaziridines, the orientation of the unshared electron pairs of the N and O atoms relative to the O-N bond and the O-C bond of the methoxy group, the structural and conformational manifestation of the interaction of a -acceptor with the aziridine ring, the laws of the change in the exocyclic valence angles at the carbon atoms of the aziridine ring, and the close values of the SSCCs of the carbonyl carbon atoms with the protons of the ring are discussed.Communication 33 of the series Asymmetric Nitrogen. For communication 32, see [1].Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 1. pp. 48–55, January, 1984.     

双核钨簇合物W2Cl4（OR）4（ROH）2结构的EXAFS研究

我们曾用EXAFS和X射线单晶衍射研究了M_3W_2Cl_9类双钨簇合物的结构,发现簇胳[W_2Cl_9]~(3-)的结构很牢固,改变阳离子M~+的性质和大小,都不会改变其结构。W_2Cl_9(RO)_4(R′OH)_2类簇合物与M_3W_2Cl_9类似,具有一个双钨簇胳。Anderson等曾研究R为甲基或乙基的两个簇合物的单晶结构,正四价的两个钨原子间用双键及两个氧桥键相联接。与M_3W_2Cl_9另一不同处是取代基RO及R′OH与钨原子直接相联,其间还形成氢键,故RO或R′OH对簇胳的影响要大于M_3W_2Cl_9中阳离子M~+。本文合成6种具有不同取代基的W_2Cl_4·(RO)_4(ROH)_2化合物,用EXAFS研究其结构,以期了解不同取代基对簇胳结构的影响。     

The azine bridge as a conjugation stopper: an NMR spectroscopic study of electron delocalization in acetophenone azines

Dipole parallel-alignment of organic molecular crystals of azines has been achieved with a design that was based on the hypothesis that the azine bridge is a conjugation stopper. This hypothesis has now been tested in detail, and (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopic data of symmetric and asymmetric acetophenone azines are presented in support of this design concept. Previous structural, ab initio, and electrochemical studies have shown that the azine bridge largely inhibits through-conjugation in molecules with the general structure DPhC(Me) [double bond] N [bond] N [double bond] C(Me)PhA, where D is a donor group and A is an acceptor group. NMR spectroscopy is an excellent tool to probe the degree of conjugation through the azine bridge. The NMR results reported here for nine symmetrical and 18 asymmetrical azines show in a compelling fashion that the hypothesis holds. Varying the donor group does not change the chemical shifts of the aromatic hydrogen and carbon atoms on the acceptor-substituted phenyl ring. Likewise, varying the acceptor group does not change the chemical shifts of the atoms in the donor-substituted phenyl ring.     

Special Features of the Geometry of the 2,2,2,4,4,4-Hexachloro-1,3-dimethyl-1,3-diaza-2,4-diphosphetane Molecule and Its Electron Distribution According to Data of ab initio Calculations

The results of a nonempirical calculation of the 2,2,2,4,4,4-hexachloro-1,3-dimethyl-1,3-diaza-2,4-diphosphetane (Cl₃PNCH₃)₂ molecule by the RHF 6-31G(d) method are in agreement with the data of X-ray structural analysis of this compound. Calculated ³⁵Cl NQR frequencies for axial and equatorial chlorine atoms are close to the experimental values. The population of the orbitals of the lone electron pairs and the p orbitals of the equatorial Cl atoms were significantly lower than those of the axial atoms. Among the MO there was no MO corresponding to a three-center bond involving a P atom and axial Cl and N atoms.     

A bonding study of cyclopentene (c-C5H8) adsorption on Ni(1 1 1) surface

The adsorption of cyclopentene (c-C₅H₈) on Ni(1 1 1) was studied using DFT and semiempirical calculations. Preferred site and geometry calculations were carried out considering a Ni(1 1 1) surface and a unit cell of 64-atoms. The tetrahedral threefold hollow position was identified as the most favorable site, with a surface-molecule minimum distance of 1.83 Å. A bending structure is adopted when the molecule is adsorbed where the carbon atoms of the double bond are closer to the surface forming an angle of 160° among non-equivalents carbon atoms. The metal surface was represented by a two-dimensional slab with an overlayer of c-C₅H₈/Ni of 1/9 ratio. We also computed the density of states (DOS) and the crystal orbital overlap populations (COOP) corresponding to CC, CNi, CH, and NiNi bonds. We found that both NiNi bonds interacting with the ring, and the CC bond are weakened after adsorption, this last bond is linked significantly to the surface. The hydrogen atoms belonging to the saturated carbon atoms also participate in the adsorbate–surface bonding. The main interactions include the 4s, 3p_z and 5d_z² bands of nickel and 2p_z bands of the carbon atoms of the double bond.     

Reductive Insertion of Elemental Chalcogens into Boron–Boron Multiple Bonds

The syntheses of sulfur‐ and selenium‐bridged cyclic compounds containing boron stabilized by N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have been achieved by the reductive insertion of elemental chalcogens into boron–boron multiple bonds. The three pairs of bonding electrons between the boron atoms in the triply bonded diboryne enabled six‐electron reduction reactions, resulting in the formation of [2.2.1]‐bicyclic systems wherein bridgehead boron atoms are spanned by three chalcogen bridges. A similar reaction using a diborene (boron–boron double bond) resulted in the reductive transfer of both pairs of bonding electrons to three sulfur atoms, yielding a NHC‐stabilized trisulfidodiborolane. The demonstration of these six‐ and four‐electron reductions lends support to the presence of three and two pairs of bonding electrons between the boron atoms of the diboryne and diborene, respectively, a fact that may be useful in future discussions on bond order.