交联壳聚糖树脂的活化及其对β—环糊精的固载化研究

天然碱性多糖－壳聚糖用戊二醛交联成球,通过环氧氯炳烷活化后与β－环糊精反应,得到交联壳聚糖固载化的β－环糊精,研究了活化过程及固载化条件对β－环糊精固载量的央环氧氯炳烷浓度为３０％（ｖ／ｖ）时最佳活化条件为：４０℃、３ｈ、０．４ｍｏｌ／ＬＮａＯＨ及三甲基亚砚（ＤＭＳＯ）含量５０％（ｖ／ｖ）;而在β－环糊精：树脂＝１：１（ｗ／ｗ）时,最佳固载化条件为：４ｈ、０．１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＮａＯＨ、６０℃。     

甲基膦酸二甲庚酯萃取色谱法分离金,铂的研究

本文研究了以４．０ｍｏｌ．Ｌ Ｈ２ＳＯ４－０．５０ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＭｇＳＯ４为流动相，以硅烷化硅球负载的甲基膦酸二甲庚酯作固定相，萃取色谱法使微量铂，金与常见贱金属分离，富集在色谱柱上的铂和金分别用０．１０ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＨＣｌ和１．０％Ｎａ２ＳＯ３溶液洗脱进行连续分离与测定。经实际样品的试用考核，结果令人满意。     

精氨酸在苯甲醛存在下的吸附溶出伏安法研究

在０．２ｍｏｌ／ＬＮａＯＨ－０．０４ｍｏｌ／ＬＨ３ＰＯ４－０．０２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ（ＮＨ４）２ＳＯ４－０．０４ｍｏｌ／ＬＣＨ３ＣＯＯＨ溶液中，精氨酸（Ａｒｇ）在苯甲醛存在下产生一灵敏的吸附波。实验证明电活性物质为α－苯亚甲基精氨酸，其电极反应机理是分子内α－＞Ｃ＝Ｎ基团被还原为亚胺。用该吸附波可在１×１０（－３）～２×１０（－６）ｍｏｌ／Ｌ范围内分析蛋白质中的Ａｒｇ。     

交联壳聚糖对氨基酸的吸附性能

本文研究了交联壳聚糖对甘氨酸、谷氨酸和赖氨酸的吸附性能，吸附率依次为甘氨酸＞赖氨酸＞谷氨酸，并决定于上柱液的ＰＨ值及其浓度。用０．０５和０．１ｍｏｌ／ｌＮＨ４ＯＨ可以解吸。     

金橙G螯合形成树脂分离富集地质样品中的微量贵金属

主要研究了金橙Ｇ螯合形成树脂分离富集地质样品中金、铂、钯的最佳实验条件。在柱高大于１６ｃｍ，０．１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＨＣｌ介质的样品溶液以小于或等于０．５ｍＬ／ｍｉｎ流速过柱，用０．１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＨＣｌ的３％硫脲溶液以小于或等于０．５ｍＬ／ｍｉｎ流速洗脱金、铂、钯（和铑），都能同时定量富集。用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定，回收率均在９５％￣１１０％之间。经地质样品加标准回收实验，结果令人满意。证明这种以磺酸基     

马兜铃酸极谱研究

用单扫示波极谱法研究马兜的电化学行为。在０．１ｍｏｌ／ＬＮａＯＨ底液中，马兜铃酸在－０．８９Ｖ产生一良好的二阶导数 极谱峰，线性范围为０．０３－３２ｍｇ／Ｌ检出限为０．０１ｍｇ／Ｌ。     

交联壳聚糖富集分离冷原子吸收分光光度法测定环境水样中痕量无机汞

报道了采用不溶于酸碱的交联壳聚糖，以ＥＤＴＡ为络合剂性富集分离，冷原子吸收分光光度法直接测定环境水样中痕量无机汞的方法，并发分析的最佳条件进行了探讨。地分析实际水样，回收率为９４％－９８％；检测下限为７．８ｎｇ／Ｌ；相对标准偏差小于６％。     

头孢噻肟钠的降解及其产物伏安行为的研究

头孢噻肟钠在ＮａＯＨ溶液中降解后，于０．１ｍｏｌ／ＬＮａＯＨ中得一灵敏的吸附伏安原峰，Ｅｐ＝－０．７８Ｖ（νｓＡｇ／ＡｇＣｌ），ｉｐ与头孢噻肟钠浓度在１．０×１０＾－＾９－１．０×１０＾－＾８，１．０×１０＾－＾８－１．０×１０＾－＾７，１．０×１０＾－＾７－１．０×１０＾－＾６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ范围内呈线性关系，检出限为５．０×１０＾－＾１＾０ｍｏｌ／Ｌ。用多种电化学手段研究其降解产物的伏安行为，测定了     

磷酸三丁酯萃淋树脂富集水中痕量酚类化合物的研究

本文对磷酸三丁酯（ＴＢＰ）萃淋树脂为柱填料，研究了富集水中酚类化合物及其洗脱条件。结果表明，以ＴＢＰ萃淋树脂为富集剂，水样ｐＨ值为１－７，以３０ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ的流速通过吸附柱，用８ｍｌ０．１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＮａＯＨ洗脱，多种酚类化合物回收率在９７％－１０３％。此外还试验了地面水中常见干扰物的影响，该方法富集倍数达１２５倍，最低检测限０．５μｇ／Ｌ。对实际样品１－１００μｇ／Ｌ范围内的测定相对标准偏差４．     

在弱碱性及中性介质中AISI304不锈钢载波钝化膜光电化学研究

采用光电化学方法－恒电位光电流测量技术研究了ＡＩＳＩ３０４不锈钢在０．１ｍｏｌ／ＬＮａ２Ｂ４Ｏ７及０．５ｍｏｌ／ＬＮａ２ＳＯ４介质中载波钝化膜，光电流测量结果表明，光电流大小与电极电势、成膜条件及测量介质有关，载波钝化膜基本上是高度无序的非晶态膜。     

A novel preconcentration technique using crosslinked chitosan for the determination of mercury by CVAAS

A novel crosslinked chitosan (CCTS) has been synthesized by the reaction of water-soluble chitosan with epoxy chloropropane. In the presence of the chelating EDTA and in the pH range between 4–10, CCTS selectively adsorbed trace inorganic Hg in water samples with enrichment factors of 100. Inorganic Hg could be directly reduced using KBH₄ without preceding elution and determined by CVAAS. Accordingly, the total mercury could be determined after all species of mercury in water samples were transformed into Hg²⁺. The detection limit (3σ) for mercury was 12 ng L^–1 and the relative standard deviation less than 5% at the 50 ng L^–1 level. Beer’s law was obeyed over the range 30–400 ng L^–1 of mercury and the preconcentration method was applied to environmental water samples with the recoveries between 92–96%.     

An MSFIA system for mercury speciation based on an anion-exchange membrane

A new methodology for the in-line preconcentration, clean-up and speciation of mercury by use of an anion-exchange membrane is proposed. The speciation of mercury is based on retention of its tetrachloro complex onto the membrane while organic mercury flows freely through it. A multisyringe is used as a liquid driver and a cold vapour atomic fluorescence detector is employed to ensure a high sensitivity. Organic mercury is decomposed into to inorganic mercury by using a UV lamp. The carrier and reductant streams consist of 1.5% (m/v) hydrochloric acid and 2% (m/v) tin chloride, respectively. Certified reference material DORM-2 was digested with 37% hydrochloric acid and analysed directly without the need for extraction. The proposed system is more environmental friendly than the classical liquid-liquid extraction procedure. Mercury recoveries from spiked samples and the reference material were all close to 100%. An LOD of 14 and 16 ng/L was obtained for total and organic mercury, respectively, both with an RSD less than 1.3%.     

Ion-imprinted polymethacrylic microbeads as new sorbent for preconcentration and speciation of mercury

Metal ion-imprinted polymer particles have been prepared by copolymerization of methacrylic acid as monomer, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate as cross-linking agent and 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile as initiator, in the presence of Hg(II)-1-(2-thiazolylazo)-2-naphthol complex. The separation and preconcentration characteristics of the Hg-ion-imprinted microbeads for inorganic mercury have been investigated by batch procedure. The optimal pH value for the quantitative sorption is 7. The adsorbed inorganic mercury is easily eluted by 2 mL 4 M HNO₃. The adsorption capacity of the newly synthesized Hg ion-imprinted microbeads is 32.0 μmol g⁻¹ for dry copolymer. The selectivity of the copolymer toward inorganic mercury (Hg(II)) ion is confirmed through the comparison of the competitive adsorptions of Cd(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), Pb(II), Zn(II)) and high values of the selectivity and distribution coefficients have been calculated. Experiments performed for selective determination of inorganic mercury in mineral and sea waters showed that the interfering matrix does not influence the extraction efficiency of Hg ion-imprinted microbeads. The detection limit for inorganic mercury is 0.006 μg L⁻¹ (3σ), determined by cold vapor atomic adsorption spectrometry. The relative standard deviation varied in the range 5-9 % at 0.02-1 μg L⁻¹ Hg levels. The new Hg-ion-imprinted microbeads have been tested and applied for the speciation of Hg in river and mineral waters: inorganic mercury has been determined selectively in nondigested sample, while total mercury e.g. sum of inorganic and methylmercury, has been determined in digested sample.     

交联羧甲基壳聚糖吸附痕量汞研究

研究了交联羧甲基壳聚糖对Hg2 的吸附作用,探讨了溶液的pH值、反应时间、温度、样品体积、共存组分等因素对其吸附性能的影响.实验表明,在pH=5时,羧甲基壳聚糖对Hg2 的吸附性能很好,吸附率可迭95%以上,并且具有良好的重复使用性能,其吸附行为满足Langmuir等温式,饱和吸附容量为125.1mg/g,方法的相对标准偏差为7.8%.用于分析实际水样时,回收率达96～以上.     

A new specific polymeric material for mercury speciation: Application to environmental and food samples

A new polymeric material (Patent: P201400535) highly specific for mercury is presented. Its great capability to pre-concentrate and selectively elute inorganic mercury and methylmercury are the main figures of merit. The polymer can be reused several times. To our knowledge, this is the only polymer proposed in the literature for direct inorganic mercury and methylmercury speciation without need of chromatography or quantification by difference. The polymer formation is based on the reaction of a vinyl derivative of 8-hydroxiquinoline as monomer, and 2-(Methacryloylamino) ethyl 2-Methyl Acrylate (NOBE) as co-monomer. Random radical polymerization by the precipitation method was carried out using Azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as initiator. The polymer was characterized by SEM and FTIR. Adsorption binding isotherms were evaluated using Langmuir and Freundlich models, showing high adsorption capacity for both inorganic and organic mercury species. The polymer was employed to sequentially determine inorganic mercury and methylmercury, using a solid phase extraction (SPE) scheme. Cross reactivity of several ions, as well as matrix effects from a high saline matrix like seawater was irrelevant as the retained fractions mostly eluted during the washing step. The procedure was first validated by analyzing a certified reference material (BCR 464) and finally applied to commercial fish samples. The speciation proposed procedure is cheap, fast, and easy to use and minimizes reagents waste.     

Mercury speciation by coupling cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry with flow injection on-line preconcentration and liquid chromatographic separation

A fully automated system for the direct determination of methylmercury (MeHg), ethylmercury (EtHg), phenylmercury (PhHg), and inorganic mercury (Hg(II)) at the ng/L level is described. It is based on solid phase extraction preconcentration incorporated in a flow injection (FI) system, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation, reduction combined with thermolysis and determination by cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry (CVAAS). For preconcentration a microcolumn of bonded silica with octadecyl functional groups (C18 reversed phase material) was used as a sorbent for the mercury complexes formed on-line with ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate. Retained mercury species are eluted with a methanol-acetonitrile-water mixture and subjected to separation on an octadecylsilane (ODS) column before determination by CVAAS. The sensitivity of organo-mercury determination could be improved by using NaBH₄ as a reductant combined with a thermolysis step. In order to perform on-line measurements the preconcentration microcolumn was mounted in a pressure-tight casing. Limits of detection for MeHg, EtHg, PhHg and Hg(II) employing a sample volume of 58.5 mL were 9, 6, 10 and 5 ng/L, respectively. The relative standard deviation (RSD) calculated from 9 repeated measurements was found to be 3.6%, 5.5%, 10.4% and 7.6% for MeHg, EtHg, PhHg and Hg(II), respectively. Finally, the application of this method for speciation of mercury in fish and human urine is described. Received: 10 March 1997 / Revised: 29 January 1998 / Accepted: 5 February 1998     

Evaluation of various sample pre-treatment methods for total and inorganic mercury determination in biological certified reference materials by CVAAS technique

Sample preparation methods for non-separation cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry (CVAAS) sequential inorganic mercury speciation in biological certified reference materials (CRMs) were investigated. The methylmercury concentration was calculated as the difference between total and inorganic mercury. Microwave-assisted decomposition method, and three ultrasonic extraction procedures based on acid leaching with HCl and HCOOH and solubilization with TMAH were employed as sample preparation methods. The replacement of a sample decomposition procedure by extraction prior to analysis by CVAAS, as well as the aspect of speciation analysis is discussed. The limits of detection in the sample were determined as 50 and 10 ng L⁻¹ for inorganic and total mercury, which corresponds to absolute detection limits of 40 and 8 ng g⁻¹ for inorganic and total mercury, respectively. The results were in good agreement with the 95% confidence level t-test of the certified values for total and inorganic mercury in the reference materials investigated. From the analysis of the CRMs, it was evident that the difference between the total and inorganic mercury concentrations agrees with the methylmercury concentration. The relative standard deviation was better than 11% for most of the samples.      

Mercury speciation by HPLC-cold-vapour radiofrequency glow-discharge optical-emission spectrometry with on-line microwave oxidation

Hollow-cathode (HC) radiofrequency glow-discharge (rf-GD) optical-emission spectrometry (OES) has been used as detector for the determination of inorganic mercury by cold-vapour (CV) generation in a flow-injection (FI) system. Both NaBH4 and SnCl2 were evaluated as reducing reagents for production of mercury CV. The conditions governing the discharge (pressure, He flow rate, and delivered power) and Hg CV generation (NaBH4 or SnCl2 concentration and reagent flow rate) were optimized using both reducing agents. The analytical performance characteristics of FI-CV-rf-GD-OES for mercury detection were evaluated at the 253.6 nm emission mercury line. Detection limits (DL) of 0.2 ng mL(-1) using SnCl2 and 1.8 ng mL(-1) using NaBH4 were obtained (100 microliter sample injections were used). When the optimized experimental conditions using SnCl2 had been determined, the analytical potential of this CV-rf-GD-OES method was investigated as on-line detector for high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) speciation of mercury (Hg(II) and methylmercury). The HPLC-CV-rf-GD-OES detection limits for 100 microliter sample injections were found to be 1.2 and 1.8 ng mL(-1) (as mercury) of inorganic mercury and methylmercury, respectively. The reproducibility observed was below +/- 8% for both species. Finally, the HPLC-CV-rf-GD-OES system developed was successfully applied to the determination of methylmercury (speciation) in two certified reference materials, Dorm-2 and Dolt-2.     

Speciation of chromium by selective separation and preconcentration of Cr(III) on an immobilized nanometer titanium dioxide microcolumn

Nanometer titanium dioxide immobilized on silica gel (immobilized nanometer-scale TiO2 particles) was prepared by a sol-gel method and characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The adsorptive behavior of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) on immobilized nanometer TiO2 was assessed. Cr(III) was selectively sorbed on immobilized nanometer TiO2 in the pH range of 7-9, while Cr(VI) was found to remain in solution. A sensitive and selective method has been developed for the speciation of chromium in water samples using an immobilized nanometer TiO2 microcolumn and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Under optimized conditions (pH 7.0, flow rate 2.0 mL/min), Cr(III) was retained on the column, then eluted with 0.5 mol/L HNO3 and determined by ICP-AES. Total chromium was determined after the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) by ascorbic acid. The adsorption capacity of immobilized nanometer TiO2 for Cr(III) was found to be 7.04 mg/g. The detection limit for Cr(III) was 0.22 ng/mL and the RSD was 3.5% (n = 11, c = 100 ng/ mL) with an enrichment factor of 50. The proposed method has been applied to the speciation of chromium in water samples with satisfactory results.     

活性炭富集-电热塞曼原子吸收光谱法测定水中痕量的汞

建立了一种水中痕量汞的测定方法。通过活性炭定量吸附水中痕量汞,采用电热塞曼原子吸收光谱法测定活性炭富集的汞。与目前水中总汞测定方法相比,本方法避免了消解等步骤,减少了汞污染和汞损失,操作更加简单。考察了活性炭粒度、酸处理方法、酸介质和富集时间对富集效率的影响,以及热解温度和干扰离子对方法测定结果的影响。通过空白活性炭加标、空白溶液加标和环境水样加标3种方法制作标准曲线,三者的相关系数达0.9999,经统计检验,3条标准曲线的斜率无差异,表明了在此实验条件下环境水样中的共存物不干扰汞的测定,同时也表明可直接用空白活性炭加标的方法进行标准曲线的绘制。采用本方法对含5和50 ng/L汞的水样进行测定,其相对标准偏差分别为7.2%和4.2%(n=11)。本方法测定下限达到1.2 ng/L。地表水和自来水样中添加10 ng/L汞的加标回收率在92.0%~103.0%之间。用 ICP-MS作对照,二者分析结果相符合,相对误差在2.9%~ 3.4%之间,表明本方法准确可靠、精密度好。